Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal最新文献

{"title":"ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО РЫНКА РОССИИ: РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ. TRENDS IN THE RUSSIAN FOOD MARKET: A REGIONAL ASPECT. (Trends in the Russian Food Market: a Regional Aspect)","authors":"L. Pushkareva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3739390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3739390","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Современные преобразования в экономической жизни общества предъявляют требования к переоценке сложившихся экономических тенденций с позиций экономической безопасности страны. Во многих регионах страны ситуация, сложившаяся на продуктовом рынке, далека от идеальной. Значительная часть пищевой промышленности находится под контролем транснациональных корпораций, а современное собственное аграрное производство не покрывает потребности населения в значимых продуктах питания. В настоящей статье раскрываются тенденции развития отечественного продуктового рынка. Особое внимание уделено развитию зернового хозяйства и формированию хлебного рынка. Ситуация на Российском продуктовом рынке далека от идеальной. Задачей настоящего исследования является раскрытие негативных и позитивных тенденций, сложившихся на рынке продовольственных товаров в разных регионах страны. На региональных примерах рассматриваются особенности и перспективы развития сегментов продуктового рынка за период реформирования аграрного производства. Особое внимание уделено развитию хлебного рынка, современная организационная структура которого обуславливает развитие хлебного кластера. На региональных примерах рассматриваются особенности и перспективы развития сегментов продуктового рынка за период реформирования аграрного производства.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Modern changes in the economic life of society require a reassessment of existing economic trends in terms of the economic security of the country. In many regions of the country, the situation on the grocery market is far from ideal. A large part of the food industry is controlled by transnational corporations, and modern agricultural production does not cover the needs of the population for meaningful food. This article reveals the trends in the development of the domestic grocery market. Particular attention is paid to the development of the grain economy and the formation of the bread market. The situation on the Russian grocery market is far from ideal. The purpose of this study is to uncover the negative and positive trends that have developed in the food market in different regions of the country. Regional examples examine the specifics and prospects for the development of product market segments during the period of agricultural production reform. Particular attention is paid to the development of the bread market, the modern organizational structure of which determines the development of the bread cluster. Regional examples examine the specifics and prospects for the development of product market segments during the period of agricultural production reform.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82547511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research-Policy Linkages: Empirical Evidence From Agroeconomic Research in India","authors":"Balaji Sj, S. Babu, S. Pal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3727364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3727364","url":null,"abstract":"Policy-making processes in developing countries often continue to operate devoid of evidence. In this study, we explore the research-policy linkages between the agroeconomic research system (AERS) and the agricultural policy system (APS) in India. Specifically, we examine questions directed to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare in the two houses of the national parliament—the House of the People (Lok Sabha) and the Council of States (Rajya Sabha)—and filter them for key issues that confront the APS. In addition, using the list of research articles published in two major national agricultural economics journals, we examine the alignment of the AERS toward addressing pressing policy issues. We use 6,465 questions raised by elected representatives in the parliamentary houses and 377 research articles, both during the period 2014–2018. We use machine learning techniques for information retrieval because the required information is hidden as non-numerical text. Using tag clouds (lists of words by frequency), we identify key divergences between the concerns of the APS and the research focus of the AERS, and explore their linkages. To broaden our understanding, we employ latent Dirichlet allocation, a natural language processing technique that identifies crucial issues and automates their classification under appropriate clusters, to examine synergies between the research and policy systems. Results show remarkable alignment between the AERS and the APS, invalidating the two-communities hypothesis. We identify persistent issues in the policy domain that require the support of the research system, as well as potential areas for research system realignment.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76767286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indian Farm Wages: Trends, Growth Drivers and Linkages with Food Prices","authors":"S. Saini, A. Gulati, Joachim von Braun, Lukas Kornher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3724928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3724928","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at trends in Indian farm wages, analyses their linkage with food prices, and identifies factors which drove their growth in real terms. We employ quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques for this purpose. A vector-error correction model (VECM) is used to determine the linkage between farm wage inflation and food inflation, and a pooled mean group (PMG) estimation method, used for dynamic heterogeneous panels, is used to identify the drivers of growth in real farm wages. In last 20 years (1998-99 to 2017-18), wages of India’s farm labourers increased at an average annual rate of 9.3 per cent in nominal and 3.2 per cent in real terms. For an average agricultural labourer, the daily wage rates increased from less than INR 45 in 1998-99 to about INR 229 in 2017-18. In real terms (2004-05 prices), this increase was from INR 50 to about INR 90 per day. The empirical analysis of the monthly wage time series identified a structural break in January 2007. Specifically, the curve is near-flat before this break-point subsequent which it rises sharply. On the relation between food inflation and wage growth, evidence was found of a food-wage spiral where changes in food prices and farm wages were estimated to impact each other. However, the impact of food inflation emerged to be stronger on wages than vice-versa and this impact was observed to strengthen post 2007-08. The panel study (1987-88 to 2015-16) on the drivers of real wage growth was conducted around the January 2007 structural break. Before this break, growth in real wages was estimated to be mostly driven by growth in the agriculture sector. Any influence of non-agricultural sectors (manufacturing and construction) did not emerge significant during this period. However, post the break, the growth witnessed in both- non-agricultural (manufacturing and construction sectors) and agricultural sectors explained the sharp increases in real farm wages. The large public rural employment program, MGNREGA (introduced in 2005) was identified as a third potential force of influence on rural wages; however, among other significant factors, its contribution to farm wage growth was estimated to be low and with a lag. Policy implications based on these findings are that for faster growth in real farm wages, focus needs to be on augmenting labour productivity in agriculture. In order to pursue that, one needs to lead reforms in agriculture that can accelerate agri-GDP growth and ensure that the rest of the economy, especially the manufacturing and construction sector, grow much faster pulling labour out from the agricultural sector to higher productivity jobs in manufacturing, construction, and possibly also services.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84379688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digitization of the Emerging Economy: An Exploratory and Explanatory Case Study","authors":"Muhammad Mahboob Ali","doi":"10.22495/jgrv9i4art2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv9i4art2","url":null,"abstract":"Digitization has transformed societies and economies throughout the world. This exploratory and explanatory research has been performed in the context of digitization of Bangladesh economy. The research question is whether the transformation of Bangladesh towards the digital economy can act effectively and efficiently for the benefits of the society and the economy. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted. Sixteen hypotheses were tested based on the Chi-square test. The time period of the study was from April 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. The Chi-square test findings were significant for the following null hypotheses: Internet of Thinking will not bring benefits of the human beings; robots are not needed for industries; big data cannot be used for the business intelligence; artificial intelligence (AI) is not effective; bitcoin transactions should not be allowed; the banking sector is not relatively digitalized; chatbots do not need to be used in banks; drones cannot be used for commercial purpose; robots cannot be used for education purpose; farmers must not learn to yield wirelessly. Another six null hypotheses were rejected. Fear of losing employment was the key obstruction to execute the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the country as revealed from the study. Proper information and communication technology (ICT) based education, preparation and knowledge were required. Good governance and regulation should be established with the help of digitization in Bangladesh. The study is suggested to answer the research question, if the benefit from transforming the society to the digital economy may outweigh negative impacts and turn threats into opportunities, reduce demand for labor and disguised unemployment and narrow down the scope of creating new employment opportunities in the country. The potential unlocking system in the global market is feasible through ensuring digitization of Bangladesh society.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80890970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Livelihood in the World and Its Impact on World Economy","authors":"N. Khan, S. Fahad, M. Naushad, S. Faisal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3717265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3717265","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out since 19th October 2020. The universe of the study was the world. The major objective was to analyze livelihood in the world and its impact on the world economy. Total 36 articles were downloaded from the net and analyzed at depth and wrote the conclusion and abstract and result. The study indicates that livelihood play great role for survival of life. Without livelihood the survival of life is impossible. So every country of the world tries for increasing of livelihood sources. The major livelihood sources are the agriculture. Majority world people are engaged with this occupation but very few people of the rural area are engaged with other non farming activities in the rural area. Some people work in industry while some work in fishing. Similarly some people work in government institution. These all activities play great role in survival of life and livelihood.God has created this world for the human being. There multiple things have produced for survival of life . God has created the ecosystem when any one disturb this system then it create problem for humanity of the world. The human is selfish and they always want benefit while they do not care the world and because of this the ecosystem of the world have been disturbed which in the long create problem for human being survival The industrial countries use industry for survival of life while latter on this industry make the environment polluted which create different diseases in the world community which worse the condition of the human. So it is necessary to care the world and use the world in proper way and never miss utilize its material because in long run disturb the ecosystem of the world. So many things have made GOD for the beneficial of world society but sometime over use create the imbalance in this world which disturbs the livelihood of the world community. The study concludes that livelihood is the means, capability and asset for survival of life. Human being is the living organism and every living organism need food for survival. Human being also needs food for their survival. There are flora and fauna in this world. They all need food for their survival. The human being is also the living organism which needs foods and therefore they perform different activities on daily basis and produced food. There are three type strategies are used for livelihood, namely intensification of agriculture, Diversification of livelihood and migration. The people cultivate the land and grow the seed of different crops and produced the production for their daily consumption. Extra production they sell in the market and get money which are saved or used for other activities of daily life while mostly used on their basic needs which are compulsory for survival of life. Similarly some people work on daily wages and earn the money then use on basic needs while some people work in the industries and earn the money and they also used on the basic needs and other activities of da","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenancy, Land Redistribution, and Economic Growth A Case of Korea, 1920-1960","authors":"Jea Hwan Hong, Duol Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3710391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3710391","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is the largest and the most important industries in many developing countries. A typical pattern observed in these countries is high inequalities of land ownership, that is, a small number of people own large portion of arable lands and large number of farmers have a small piece of land or even don’t have anything. Farmers usually lease land wholly or partially from large landowners and pay typically 50% of their harvest. This tenancy or sharecropping contract imposes heavy burden on farmers, which results in their poverty. Scholars and policymakers claimed that the burden of rent lowers productivity of farmers and that the low income further prevents the farmers from investing for the future. These factors aggravate living condition of farmers and ultimately economic growth of the country.<br><br>Land reform is regarded as a solution to break this vicious circle. Land redistribution can improve farmers’ income, and this allows them to invest for improve quality of land or for educating their children. Therefore, it is very important to examine how would land reform is implemented, how would land reform changes level of inequality, and how would it change production activities and investment, and so forth.<br><br>The goal of this study is to investigate, arguably, a successful case of land reform, the land reform of Korea. During the colonial period from 1910 to 1945, almost 50% of farmers were tenants without having any land at all and 20% were partial tenants. After the liberation in 1945, the Korean government made efforts to perform land reform, and it was completed by 1951. Investigating the impact of land reform on agricultural productivity and human capital investment will contribute to better understanding Korean economic development. And it will provide important implications for many developing countries. For this goal, we reviewed previous studies on land reform. And then, we explored the impact of land reform on agricultural productivity and its contribution to human capital accumulation. Using prefecture level data, we estimated the impact of land ownership in this period. Our estimation shows that land reform improved agricultural productivity. This implies that land reform could contribute to economic growth after the liberation.<br><br> We then performed empirical analysis on the relationship between the land reform and the secondary school enrollment rate is conducted to examine whether the land reform has contributed to the accumulation of human capital in Korea by utilizing the gun level data.<br><br>The possibility of effect being different on gender is also evaluated. The results imply that the region with higher increase in share of independent farmers during the land reform show higher increase in secondary school enrollment rate. This proves the hypothesis that land reform influenced positively on the accumulation of human capital. Also, the secondary school enrollment rate of female increased as the share of i","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"398 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87176687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Peculiarities of Land Relations Through the Prism of Economic Theories","authors":"V. Moroz","doi":"10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2020.001428","url":null,"abstract":"The paper defines the essence of the notion “land relations” and outlines their main peculiarities, based on the analysis of scientific works of classics of the world economic thought, study of the historical experience and consideration of practical aspects of lands resource use in economy. Negative results of the influence of the neoliberalism theory on the formation of land relations in Ukraine and the former USSR countries after getting independence are substantiated. Attention is accented on a necessity of taking into account national interests at reforming land relations. \u0000The aim of the paper is to study peculiarities of land relations through the prism of economic theories, taking into account their development evolution, and formation of the complex approach to defining the essence of the notion “land relations” as an object of financial-economic regulation. \u0000The methods of empirical and retrospective analysis of the world and native economic thought was used in the paper for separating fundamental bases of land relations; the methods of generalization and comparison of scientific approaches as to defining the essence of land relations and their elements; system approach for substantiating the economic base of land relations, determination of their elements and principles. \u0000Key peculiarities of land relations, complexly discovering their essence, taking into account a necessity to create an effective economic-legal mechanism of their regulation within the conflict of the neoliberal economic ideology and national interests have been formulated. There has been offered a wide approach to understanding an object of land relations that is land resources; it has been proved, that realization of all legal actions with land resources results from a necessity to observe the factor of lands suverenization; the economic base of land relations has been substantiated; principles of land relations, resulting from a necessity of the rational land use, observance of national interests and guaranteeing of food safety of the state, have been outlined.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74487066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Startup Search Costs","authors":"David P. Byrne, Nicolas de Roos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3100395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3100395","url":null,"abstract":"Workhorse economic models used for studying the market impacts of search frictions assume constant search costs: individuals pay the same cost to obtain price information each time they search. This paper provides evidence on a new form of search costs: startup costs. Exploiting a natural experiment in retail gasoline, we document how a temporary, large exogenous shock to consumers' search incentives leads to a substantial, permanent increase in price search. A standard search model fails to explain such history-dependence in search, while it follows directly from a model with a one-time up-front cost to start searching.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleaning Up the Rust Belt: Housing Market Impacts of Removing Legacy Pollutants","authors":"Alecia Cassidy, R. Meeks, M. Moore","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3695140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3695140","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Lakes and their tributaries make up the largest freshwater system on the planet, providing drinking water and recreational value to millions of people. Yet manufacturing plants have left a legacy of toxic pollutants in the region, creating the stigma of the \"Rust Belt.\" In 1987, the Area of Concern (AOC) Program designated 31 areas in the region as having hazardous water quality. Over 700 million federal dollars have been spent since 2004 on grants to clean up the areas. Our paper is the first to provide causal estimates of the program's impact on local housing markets. We find negative and statistically significant effects of AOC designation, indicating that consumers value clean water and incorporate information about water quality into their housing purchases. We develop two estimators to bound the effects of remediation grants on housing prices. Our estimates imply that the benefits of remediation grants range from $16.9 billion to $25.6 billion, greatly exceeding grant costs.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74067909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crude Oil Prices and Crypto-Assets: What Are the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic?","authors":"Héla Mzoughi, Yosra Ghabri, K. Guesmi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3694917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3694917","url":null,"abstract":"The current global COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting the oil market (West Texas Intermediate) and crypto-assets markets. This paper empirically investigates the extent to which interdependence in markets may be driven by COVID-19 effects. We fit copulas to pairs of before and after returns, analyze the observed changes in the dependence structure, and discuss asymmetries on the propagation of crisis. We also use the findings to construct portfolios possessing desirable expected behavior. We find that the dependence structure changes significantly after the global pandemic providing valuable information on how COVID- 19 crisis affects inter-dependencies. The results also prove the intrinsic characteristic of the gold as a safe haven.","PeriodicalId":7501,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural & Natural Resource Economics eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90726674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}