Maziar Shojaei, Faezeh Maghsudloo, Mahtab Ramezani, Arman Ahmadzadeh, Somayeh Monjazeb, Amir Rezaii, Mohammad Ali Sahraian
{"title":"Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis with trident sign and positive AQP4 antibody: a case report","authors":"Maziar Shojaei, Faezeh Maghsudloo, Mahtab Ramezani, Arman Ahmadzadeh, Somayeh Monjazeb, Amir Rezaii, Mohammad Ali Sahraian","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00846-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00846-4","url":null,"abstract":"Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by spinal cord lesions that affect at least three spinal cord segments. It can be associated with various inflammatory conditions. While imaging characteristics can aid in diagnosis, relying solely on them may lead to misinterpretation. We describe a 35-year-old woman who presented with subacute myelitis. Her cervical MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed an extensive lesion from the area postrema down to the second thoracic level, with a trident sign observed in axial T1-weighted post-gadolinium imaging. The presence of a trident sign in MRI of patients with myelopathy is more commonly associated with sarcoidosis than other conditions. But our patient had positive (rechecked) AQP4 antibody and negative FDG-PET (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) scan that shows trident sign could be seen in other inflammatory disorders such as NMO (neuromyelitis optica). Trident sign is not pathognomonic for sarcoidosis, additional investigations are necessary to identify the diagnoses related to the trident sign.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. T. Sumadewi, Bryan Gervais de Liyis, N. Linawati, I. P. Widyadharma, I. M. Astawa
{"title":"Astrocyte dysregulation as an epileptogenic factor: a systematic review","authors":"K. T. Sumadewi, Bryan Gervais de Liyis, N. Linawati, I. P. Widyadharma, I. M. Astawa","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00843-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00843-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"117 27","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive profile in Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients has no correlation with serum neurofilament level","authors":"Amira Sayed, Ghada Abdelhadi Ashmawy, Ismail Ramadan, Aya Abdel Galeel, Mervat Hamed","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00841-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00841-9","url":null,"abstract":"Grey matter loss is thought to be the primary reason of cognitive disability in MS, with trans-synaptic axonal degeneration acting a supportive role. This research sought to evaluate cognitive profile of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients and find out if it has a correlation with serum neurofilament or not. This was a cross-sectional research performed on a total of 60 patients with MS and 30 healthy controls. BICAMS battery of neuropsychological tests was used which includes SDMT, CVLT and BVMT. Serum NFLs using ELISA technique. Mean ± SD of NFL in RRMS was 82.25 ± 170.9, in PPMS was 22.08 ± 7.26, in SPMS was 95.82 ± 187.5, and in control group was 56.65 ± 125.4, there was high statistical substantial variations among the different groups while there was non-statistical variation between RRMS and PPMS groups, also there was no variation between PPMS and SPMS with regard to serum level of NFL. There is no significant correlation between the NFL and different cognitive tests. Since sNfL did not strongly connect with cognitive function in MS patients, it is possible that it cannot be used as a substitute indicator for neuropsychological state in these groups.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics and reasons for delayed presentation in acute ischemic stroke: single-centered study in Indonesia","authors":"Natasha Yang, Yohan Budi Hartanto","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00838-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00838-4","url":null,"abstract":"Effective therapy for acute ischemic stroke relies on timely intervention. We aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the onset-to-arrival time and delayed hospital presentation in acute ischemic stroke patients. Subjects with acute ischemic stroke in Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta, Indonesia from March to June, 2023 were prospectively recruited. A questionnaire was used to collect the information by direct interviews. Prespecified variables were included in univariate and multivariable analyses to identify the predictors of delayed hospital presentation of more than 4.5 h. Among a total of 175 patients, 64.6% of the patients arrived at the hospital more than 4.5 h after the stroke onset. Only 3 (1.7%) patients were eligible and received intravenous thrombolysis. In multivariable analysis, monthly income of more than IDR 550,000 (OR, 4.22; 95% CI 1.47–12.17; p = 0.007), wake-up stroke or unknown stroke onset (OR vs. known onset, 0.17; 95% CI 0.05–0.56; p = 0.004), distance from location of stroke onset more than 9.45 km (OR, 3.13; 95% CI 1.41–6.92; p = 0.005) and no history of coronary artery disease or heart failure (OR vs. present history, 0.12; 95% CI 0.04–0.37; p = 0.000) were related to delayed hospital presentation. The most frequently mentioned reasons for the delay were waiting for spontaneous improvement at home and unawareness of the stroke symptoms. There is an enormous disparity in stroke services between developed and developing countries. This study highlighted the need to increase public stroke symptoms awareness.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141166823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Nikkhah Bahrami, Sara Momtazmanesh, Nima Rezaei
{"title":"Music therapy for Alzheimer’s disease management: a narrative review","authors":"Sahar Nikkhah Bahrami, Sara Momtazmanesh, Nima Rezaei","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00836-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00836-6","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is escalating globally. Characterized by cognitive decline, emotional instability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, AD presents a growing challenge for effective management. Current pharmaceutical treatments, primarily acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, offer symptomatic relief but fail to halt disease progression or significantly address psychiatric manifestations. Consequently, non-pharmacological interventions, particularly music therapy, have garnered attention as potential adjunctive treatments. Musical memory is regarded as completely distinct from other memory processes, and patients with AD retain some musical recall despite the significant cognitive decline. In addition, music therapy is well-tolerated by the vast majority of patients and easy to administer. Herein, the mechanisms of music as a memory enhancer, how musical memory is preserved in AD, active and passive music therapy methods and their effects on each function, and factors affecting the efficacy of music therapy, such as music selection and genre, are discussed. Additional research is required to determine the optimal duration of music therapy sessions for patients to experience long-term benefits. In addition, as patients in severe stages cannot participate fully in music therapy sessions due to their disability, additional research finding a solution to this issue would be helpful.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I Putu Eka Widyadharma, Alvin Hendellyn, Bryan Gervais de Liyis, Ni Luh Putu Saswatasya Widha Putri, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, Agus Eka Darwinata, I Nengah Sujaya
{"title":"The effects of probiotic supplementation on cerebral cognitive function: a systematic review","authors":"I Putu Eka Widyadharma, Alvin Hendellyn, Bryan Gervais de Liyis, Ni Luh Putu Saswatasya Widha Putri, Agung Wiwiek Indrayani, Agus Eka Darwinata, I Nengah Sujaya","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00840-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00840-w","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stands as a formidable challenge within the realm of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by its inexorable progression and the profound cognitive impairments it engenders. Despite decades of research, the management of AD remains in a conundrum, with currently available treatments offering only modest symptomatic relief and none that can definitively alter the course of the disease. This investigation seeks to provide a concise overview of the influence of probiotics on the cognitive aspects of AD, drawing upon a compilation of conducted studies. The study was conducted by means of comprehensive searches in MEDLINE, Pubmed, and Google Scholar databases spanning from January 2015 to December 2020. The composition of this review adhered to the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The evaluation of eligibility criteria was guided by the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Study Design (PICOS) framework, a methodology that was systematically applied to each identified research entry. Upon the implementation of the search protocol, a total of five articles that satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria were incorporated into this review. Among these, four encompassed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while the fifth pertained to an explorative interventional study. AD stands as a progressive neurodegenerative affliction of considerable clinical import. Through the assessment of diverse investigations, compelling evidence has emerged affirming that probiotic microorganisms, acting via the intricate gut–brain axis signaling pathway, harbor the capacity to ameliorate cognitive function in AD. The collective findings across all the studies unequivocally indicate a notable enhancement in cognitive function subsequent to the administration of probiotic supplementation (p < 0.05). While not all domains of cognitive function exhibit amelioration in response to probiotic supplementation, the consideration of incorporating probiotics within the therapeutic schema for AD warrants deliberation as a strategy to enhance cognitive performance. Despite the intricate pathophysiology of AD, probiotic supplementation exerts a discernible influence on cognitive well-being. Notably, the symbiotic interplay between the gut and the brain, elucidated through the intricate gut–brain axis, emerges as a conduit through which probiotics could potentially modulate cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychopharmacological management of obsessive–compulsive behaviour in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders: a narrative review","authors":"Leong Tung Ong, Nicholas Ming Zher Chee","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00833-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00833-9","url":null,"abstract":"In children and adolescents, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD) may share similar features, such as deficits in social communication, repetitive behaviours and presence of obsession and compulsion. Studies have shown that children with OCD may exhibit the presence of ASD traits. Up to date research shows that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are commonly used to treat OCD, while treatment options for ASD are limited. A literature search was performed using the PubMed database and retrieving relevant papers up to December 2022. This review includes 9 case reports and 8 randomized controlled trials. The main psychopharmacological drugs used include antidepressants and antipsychotics. This review shows that the management of OCD behaviours in individuals with ASD and related conditions is of complex nature and pharmacological interventions may not be an effective method in managing this group of patients. Hence, more comprehensive research and deeper knowledge is important in optimizing pharmacological management for patients with OCD behaviours with underlying ASD.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sabbah, Manal Mahmoud Elkattan, Dalia Mohammed Labib, Mona Salah Eldin Hamdy, Nancy Samir Wahdan, Al-shaimaa Mahmoud Aboulfotoh
{"title":"Role of Von Willebrand factor level as a biomarker in acute ischemic stroke","authors":"A. Sabbah, Manal Mahmoud Elkattan, Dalia Mohammed Labib, Mona Salah Eldin Hamdy, Nancy Samir Wahdan, Al-shaimaa Mahmoud Aboulfotoh","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00837-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00837-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"46 11","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amal S. Ashour, Omar El Serafy, Nervana Mohamed El Fayoumy, Amr Hassan, Nehal Samy El Gendy, Eman Salah Heikal, Hadeel Ahmed, Salsabil Abo Al-Azayem
{"title":"Unveiling the retinal secrets of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder","authors":"Amal S. Ashour, Omar El Serafy, Nervana Mohamed El Fayoumy, Amr Hassan, Nehal Samy El Gendy, Eman Salah Heikal, Hadeel Ahmed, Salsabil Abo Al-Azayem","doi":"10.1186/s41983-024-00832-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41983-024-00832-w","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular alterations are now recognized as important contributors to the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). This study aimed to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA) to assess alterations in the retinal structure and microvasculature in patients with NMOSD, so we can understand pathophysiology of NMOSD, implicating this on disease activity, visual outcome and management on the future. A case–control study was conducted on 40 NMOSD patients with (NMOSD + ON) and without (NMOSD – ON) history of optic neuritis and 36 healthy subjects. The following data were assessed in NMOSD patients: clinical history, EDSS, and visual function testing. Both groups underwent spectral domain (SD)-OCT and OCTA. In this study, NMOSD + ON patients had a statistically significant reduction in all SD-OCT parameters compared to healthy control. Regarding OCTA, there was a significant reduction in radial peripapillary capillary density (RPCD) in NMOSD + ON (P-value < 0.001) and some sectors of NMOSD–ON compared to healthy control. NMOSD + ON patients had significant differences in RPCD compared to those without (P-value < 0.001). Here we show that the advance of this study is that retinal microvascular alterations have been noticed in NMOSD–ON eyes, indicating that subclinical primary retinal vasculopathy and disease activity may occur in NMOSD before onset of ON and retinal atrophy. This may have implications on early detection of disease activity, early interference in management and prognostic tool to visual outcome in following the patients.","PeriodicalId":74995,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of neurology, psychiatry and neurosurgery","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}