American Journal of Environmental Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Distribution of Total Mercury in the Sedimentary Environment in Lake Ahémé, Southern Benin (West Africa)","authors":"J. Adounkpe, N. B. N. Azon, Hermione W. Degila, P. Hounkpe","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2021.101.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2021.101.107","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Julien Gnonlonfoun Adounkpe Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey Calavi, Benin Email: julvictoire@yahoo.com Abstract: This study focuses on the spatio-temporal assessment of mercury pollution of the sedimentary environment of Lake Ahémé in southwestern Benin Republic. Sediment samples were taken from 32 sites in July 2018 and then in December 2019, covering the two major climatic seasons of the southern area of the country. Sampling was done according to a grid design of the entire area of the ecosystem. The surface sediment samples were collected at a depth between 0 and 5 cm in three takes at each site with a Van Veen grab. Samples were frozen, lyophilized at -40°C, crushed, sieved and homogenized. The fraction less than 63 μm in size was collected for the mercury determination by a Direct Mercury Analyser (DMA) operating by atomic absorption according to the US EPA 7473 method. The results obtained reveal that, in 2018, mercury is more concentrated in the northern and central part of the lake varying from 109 μg/Kg (center) to 132 μg/Kg (north) while in 2019, the central and southern zones of the lake were more concentrated in mercury, with 162 and 87 μg/Kg respectively. However, the values of the geo-cumulation index Igéo varies from 0 to 1, showing that Lake Ahémé is slightly polluted at these sites.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81015335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Different Types of Enzymes for Biological, Agro-Food Processing and Industrial Wastewater Treatment: An Overview","authors":"A. Hossain, M. M. Uddin","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2021.64.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2021.64.70","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: ABM Sharif Hossain Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Applied Science, Dammam University, KSA, Saudi Arabia Email: hossainsharif41@gmail.com Abstract: The objective of the review study was carried out from different research data to find out the innovative latest information on the waste water treatment in agro, industrial and municipal areas. From the review study, it has been noted that cellulase, peroxidage, lignage, tyrosinase, pactinase and amylase have been widely used for waste water treatment. Besides, microbial enzymes such as microbial dioxygenase, oxygenase, laccase, peroxidase, lipase, cellulase, protease and fungal laccase have been applied for the waste water treatment in industrial and municipal areas and found effective results. Different techniques of application have been discussed using different hydrolytic and microbial enzymes. Therefore it seems that enzymatic treatments keep a significant role in waste water treatment from agro-food processing industries having low cost of production and treatment management process.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79024107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Nickel Adsorption in an Aqueous Solution by Clay","authors":"Nesrine Turki, N. Boujelben, Zaineb Bakari, J. Bouzid","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2021.92.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2021.92.100","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Nesrine Turki Laboratory of Environment and Ecotechnology, University of Sfax-Tunisia, ENIS, Street of Soukra km 3.5. BP 1173 CP 3038, Sfax, Tunisia Email: nesrineturkighorbel@gmail.com Abstract: In this study, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and BET surface area (SBET) methods were employed to characterize the adsorbent. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was consider as a good method to assess Ni adsorption treatment and BoxBehnken design was used to examine simultaneous the effects of different experimental variables (pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time). Experimental results showed high adsorption efficiency. Statistical analysis showed a high correlation coefficient (R value 0.9578). It was showed that adsorption efficiency raised as contact time and adsorbent dosage raised. The best results were acquired with optimum conditions. A contact time of 120 min and an adsorbent dose of 0.5 mg L give the highest adsorption capacity. The similarity between observed and predicted values sustains the relevance of the model to estimate the adsorption process. It was suggested that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fitted for Nickel adsorption process (R values ranged between 0.92 and 0.99). The results showed that adsorption efficiency increased as temperature increase. Mostly, Tunisian clay may be assessed as powerful adsorbent for the adsorption of Nickel from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79104229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcystin-LR Affects Ultimobranchial Gland of Catfish Heteropneustes fossilis","authors":"C. Prakash, S. Srivastav","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2021.43.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2021.43.48","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Sunil Kumar Srivastav Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur, University Gorakhpur273009, U.P., India Email: sunilsrivastav@hotmail.com Abstract: Microcystin-LR (2.5 μg/25 g) was injected intraperitoneally to the fish Heteropneustes fossilis on day 1, 10 and 20 kept in either freshwater or freshwater containing ZnCl2. The fishes were killed on day 5, 10, 20 and 30 day. The serum calcium levels was estimated and ultimobranchial glands were processed for routine histology. Microcystin-LR administration to fish Heteropneustes fossilis induced hypocalcemia and ultimobranchial gland exhibit decreased nuclear volume of the ultimobranchial cells. Degenerative ultimobranchial gland cells were obtained after day 20. While the fish injected with MC-LR kept in ZnCl2 has shown no change in serum calcium levels as well as in histology of ultimobranchial gland cells.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83131195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Particulate Matter (PM10) Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Hospital Admissions: A Time Series Analysis","authors":"Nur Shahirah Abd Rahim, A. Yahya, W. Mahiyuddin","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2021.23.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2021.23.30","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Nur Nabila Abd Rahim Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Email: nurnabila@gmail.com Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the association between particulate matter (PM10) exposure and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions and develop a time series model for cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in Johor, Malaysia. Retrospective time series analysis was utilised to study cardiorespiratory hospital admissions for the study period 2015-2016. Over-dispersed Poisson generalized linear models with parametric smoothing functions were used to examine the association between cardiorespiratory admissions and PM10 exposure. Male patients have a higher mean age at admission compared to female patients for cardiovascular admissions. Correlations were weak between PM10 concentration and meteorological data. Time series analysis yielded insignificant results in establishing the association between PM10 and both cardiorespiratory hospitalisations after adjusting for long-term trend, seasonal patterns and meteorological covariates. The findings from this study contribute to the heterogeneity of existing literature on this subject. More studies need to be conducted with the use of multipollutant models and adjustments for more confounding variables. The methodology used here is proposed as a way to explore reproducibility of air pollution effects on risk of cardiorespiratory hospitalisations of urban and suburban populations in Johor, Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76280745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit Bio-Waste Derived Bio-Ethanol Production and Bioelectricity Generation as Renewable Energy","authors":"A. Hossain, M. M. Uddin","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2021.82.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2021.82.91","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: ABM Sharif Hossain Biotechnology Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Email: abm.hossain@uoh.edu.sa Abstract: Bio-waste from food industry is a significant component to pollute the environment. Bioproducts like biomaterials, biofuel can be produced from biowaste and pollution can be reduced. The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of bioethanol production and investigate the bioethanol for bioelectricity generation using rambutan fruit biowaste. Bioethanol yield was the highest in 2 days incubation period of fermentation. The highest bioethanol yield was found at 30°C having pH 5.0 compared to the 28 and 35°C. With enzymatic hydrolysis, yeast exhibited more effective as compare to the amylase and cellulose for producing bioethanol. However, the glucose content was lowest in the bioethanol produced at 2 days incubation period. In addition, viscosity and acid value were exhibited well at 2 days incubation period followed by the ASTM standards. Similarly, the metal element contents (P, Ca, Si, Fe, Cu and Pb) were found satisfactory within the limit of the ASTM standards. The Si, Cu and Pb showed the value zero which was of good for energy generation. Bioelectricity represented by Voltage (mV) using bioethanol was monitored in fuel cell and found the Voltage (269.23 and 233.84 mV) at 100% ethanol and 100% bioethanol. The rotation of the fan in the fuel cell was observed and exhibited 510 and 450 RPM at 100% ethanol and 100% bioethanol. Voltage decreased while incubation time increased in bioethanol based fuel cell. Therefore, it was found from the results that bioethanol produced was of good quality where conversion rate was 97.2% and optimized at 30°C having pH 5.0, 2 days incubation period and 4g/l yeast concentration as well as bioelectricity represented by voltage (mV) was generated successfully using the bioethanol produced and fuel cell as an innovative technology in the field of renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88048498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Non-Equilibrium Phase Change in Transfers at Low Water Content by Considering the Film Flow","authors":"M. B. Kebre, F. Ouedraogo, B. Naon, F. Cherblanc, F. Zougmore","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2021.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2021.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of Non-Equilibrium Phase Change in Transfers at Low Water Content by Considering the Film Flow. Abstract: In this study, we analyze the effect of non-equilibrium phase change on transfer at low water content in a sandy soil by considering the contribution of film flow in the motion of liquid water. Indeed, most of the non-equilibrium study methods use for hydraulic conductivity, the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) capillary model which does not consider the film flow occurred at low water contents. Thus, we conduct a theoretical study by using an unidirectional non-equilibrium two phase flow model to simulate water transfers by filtration of liquid water and diffusion of water vapour coupled by liquid/gas phase change. We then compare the results of the non-equilibrium with the classical model of VGM for hydraulic conductivity function and another model considering the film flows. The numerical simulation is based on a column of sandy soil exposed to a controlled atmosphere. We observe that the shapes of the profiles of fluxes (liquid water, liquid/vapour non-equilibrium phase change) simulated using the capillary model are very different from those obtained with the model considering the film flow. In this last case, the liquid/gas nonequilibrium is not noticeable as in the case of the capillary model. It seems that the film flows occult the water vapour diffusion by delaying the phase change process, therefore a lower concentration of water vapour into the soil than in the case where the capillary flow alone has been considered.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76309646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Factors Affecting on Willingness to Observe Air Pollution Reduction Policies in Tehran, Iran","authors":"P. Jafari, Afrooz Botshekan","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2021.14.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2021.14.22","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Afrooz Botshekan Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Email: Afrooz.Botshekan@gmail.com Abstract: One of the most important issues of these days is an environmental pollution. Environmental problems such as air pollution and climate changes in urban areas are the results of human behavior. Only change in human behavior can reduce these environmental problems. Thus, studying attitude and behavior of people is a precondition to change this situation. This study aimed to examine relationships between personal factors, attitude, knowledge and people's environmental behavior. This research has been carried out in the social marketing framework and focused on air pollution reduction policies in Tehran. The method of collecting research data was a questionnaire. Questionnaires were distributed randomly among Tehran citizens and data were analyzed by SPSS software, factor analysis and linear regression analysis. It is emerged from the present study that marital status, having alive grandparents, education, gender, family member with the specific disease, the way of spending free time (inside or outside), traveling abroad, occupational status, having regular exercise programs as well as two variables of attitude and awareness of air pollution consequences, were identified as the most effective factors on willingness to observe air pollution reduction policies. Results of this study showed that citizens' priority to implement air pollution policies is paying city tax. This research also suggested that air pollution policies need to be addressed more rigorously for the targeted population. All these together can influence on people's behavior to reduce air pollution.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"14-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77466256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Controlled and Uncontrolled Landfill Soil, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"B. Luc, Doumounia Ali, Kohio Niéssan, Ouédraogo Soumaila, F. Zougmore","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2020.79.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2020.79.84","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of heavy metals in landfill soils. The soils samples were collected in some selected landfill, at Ouagadougou. Determinations of heavy metal concentrations, calculation of contamination factor and pollution load index of heavy metal in landfill soil were undertaken. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in the soils samples. The results showed that the average concentrations of chromium, lead and zinc determined in soils exceed the limits recommended by AFNOR NF U 44-04 and the recommended values proposed by CCME. This study showed that the soils from landfill sites were polluted by heavy metal.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"97 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85316843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Organic Carbon Pool and its Storage in Arial Beel Wetland Soils of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Faruque Hossain, A. Kamal, Monera Akhter Eva, S Mosaddeq Ahmed, Z. Parveen","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2020.55.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2020.55.67","url":null,"abstract":"The actual quantity of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stored in wetlands can only be estimated within a broad range of uncertainty. An accurate assessment of the size and distribution of the SOC storages in wetland resources is very difficult to obtain, therefore, the proposed research objective is to measure SOC storage and its pool on wetland soils of Arial beel in Bangladesh. Initial results of Arial beel soil profiles indicates SOC concentrations are high in surface soils ranges from 1.67 to 1.95% but its concentrations are decreasing with depth whereas SOC stock in kg C m-2 is increased with depth due to increse soil bulk density with depth. However, carbon in deeper layers may be more stable than that in surface soils due to difference in source, composition and environmental conditions. Soil organic C stored in the three different locations of wetlands soils to 1 m depth such as 16.47, 18.27 and 17.22 kg C m-2, respectively with an average of 17.32 kg C m-2. On the other hand, SOC stored in upland soils to 1m depth such as 11.24 kg C m-2, significantly less than the wetland soils, which indicates that wetland soils serve as a major source of SOC. However, this SOC act as a conditioner to enhance fertility status while combating with climatic extremes, not only that it is a vital component of soil with important effects on the functioning of terrestial ecosystems. For SOC pool, different extraction methods are used such as, highly labile fraction of SOC extracted with hot water (about 3-8% of toal SOC), water soluble fraction of SOC extracted with water (about 1% of total SOC), labile fraction is extracted using CaCl2 (about 1% of total SOC), moderately labile fraction extracted by pyrophosphate (about 4-10% of total SOC), polyaromatic SOC is extracted using toluene + methanol (trace amount of total SOC), microbial biomass C extracted by K2SO4 (about 2-5%) and the resistant fraction remaining after extraction. However, the SOC concentration is high in surface layer but with depth concentration decreases. In addition, soil bulk density and thickness values increase with depth, as a result deeper layers stored more carbon than surface layer in Arial beel soils. There is increasing evidence from the results that wetlands have an important and under-estimated role in carbon storage and its pool the regualation of greenhouse gas emission. Some types of wetlands play a particularly key role as C stores, these include forested wetlands and vegetated inter-tidal wetlands and hence, Sundarban mangrove forest and Tengarchar SOC stocks and pools measurement are an urgent issue for the Climate Change researchers and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78980391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}