Pawel Leznicki, Karl Deacon, Bohdan Waszkowycz, John F Unitt
{"title":"From Large to Small Cytokine Receptor Antagonists.","authors":"Pawel Leznicki, Karl Deacon, Bohdan Waszkowycz, John F Unitt","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Here, we review general trends in biological and small molecule cytokine drug discovery, highlighting key learnings from two successful case studies (TNFα and IL-17), which have helped shape our understanding of how best to identify new small molecule cytokine antagonists. Over the past three decades, biological drugs have revolutionized the treatment of a wide range of diseases, from oncology to autoimmune diseases. Their ability to modulate extracellular targets, often inaccessible to conventional small molecule drugs due to their complex protein-protein interactions, has enabled the clinical validation of numerous novel cytokine targets. Despite their success, biological drugs have significant limitations. Challenges include poor oral bioavailability, tissue penetration and access to intracellular drug targets, as well as high manufacturing costs. These constraints have catalyzed efforts to develop small molecule equivalents that replicate the therapeutic efficacy of biologicals while overcoming their poor delivery and high production costs. Over the past twenty years, advances in structural biology, computational modeling, disease biology, hit-finding technologies, and medicinal chemistry have converged to collectively enable the identification and subsequent progression of small molecule cytokine modulators into clinical development. Looking ahead, we speculate on the future drug discovery landscape of this field with the likely emergence of small molecules drugs for a range of clinically validated cytokines like TSLP and TL1A. This evolution will be accelerated by the advent of novel modalities like extracellular degraders, oral peptide drugs and the development of next-generation biological drugs with multi-valency and improved delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":" ","pages":"100280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The NLRP3 signaling pathway is a potential target for clinical translation in glioma treatment.","authors":"Fengyu Cheng, Yuanyuan Ming, Yunsong Pan, Tianpeng Zhang, Mingxing Li, Rui Zhang, Hui Zhou, Hui Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), stands as the most prevalent and formidable tumor in neurosurgery, marked by relatively poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. Despite significant advancements in multimodal therapies-encompassing surgical intervention, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments such as chemotherapy and targeted agents-the overall survival rate for GBM still remains around 5%. In high-grade gliomas, dysregulated inflammatory pathways critically undermine the efficacy of surgical resection and subsequent targeted chemoradiotherapy, which are pivotal for managing these aggressive malignancies. Even with refined surgical techniques and chemotherapeutic mainstays like temozolomide (TMZ), patient prognoses persist in bleak territory, as survival rates languish far below clinical expectations. The NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, extensively studied in this context, drives pathogenesis through allosteric activation and assembly into the NLRP3 inflammasome, catalyzing the maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, thereby triggering cascading inflammatory responses and pyroptosis. The NLRP3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in tumor progression and inflammatory responses, and targeted drugs have already entered Phase I clinical trials. Clinically, NLRP3 can serve as a prognostic biomarker, while the combined application of NLRP3-targeted drugs with novel materials and their technical specifics require further exploration. This review explores the NLRP3 pathway's mechanistic role in glioma progression, reviews cutting-edge clinical research on NLRP3-targeting therapeutics, and evaluates the transformative potential of modulating this pathway in glioma treatment-offering referential insights into its clinical implications and the inflammatory microenvironment's interplay with tumor dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":" ","pages":"100279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145214683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura Calvo-Barreiro, Saurabh Upadhyay, Moustafa T Gabr
{"title":"Temperature-related intensity change (TRIC)-based high-throughput screening enables the discovery of small molecule CD28 binders.","authors":"Laura Calvo-Barreiro, Saurabh Upadhyay, Moustafa T Gabr","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.slasd.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD28 is a pivotal costimulatory receptor involved in T cell activation and immune regulation, positioning it as a key therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite its potential, small molecules targeting CD28 are still limited. To fill this gap, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) platform based on Temperature-Related Intensity Change (TRIC) technology, enabling rapid, immobilization-free screening of chemical libraries of small molecules. Using the Dianthus instrument, we applied our optimized TRIC assay for CD28 (signal-to-noise ratio of 21.99) to screen two MedChemExpress libraries: Small Molecule Immuno-Oncology Compounds (SMIOC) and Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors (PPII), identifying 50 initial hits. Following exclusion of compounds with dye interference or aggregation artifacts, 12 candidates were prioritized for further validation. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) confirmed dose-dependent binding of seven compounds to CD28, with affinities in the micromolar range. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) further validated two compounds, EABP 02,303 and CTEP, as CD28 binders. These results demonstrate that our TRIC-based HTS platform is robust, scalable, and effective for identifying small molecule CD28 binders. The incorporation of orthogonal validation supports the reliability of our findings and highlights the feasibility of small-molecule discovery targeting CD28.</p>","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":" ","pages":"100256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lynn Rasmussen, Shalisa Sanders, Melinda Sosa, Sara McKellip, N Miranda Nebane, Yohanka Martinez-Gzegozewska, Andrew Reece, Pedro Ruiz, Anna Manuvakhova, Ling Zhai, Brooke Warren, Aliyah Curry, Qinghua Zeng, J Robert Bostwick, Paige N Vinson
{"title":"A high-throughput response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.","authors":"Lynn Rasmussen, Shalisa Sanders, Melinda Sosa, Sara McKellip, N Miranda Nebane, Yohanka Martinez-Gzegozewska, Andrew Reece, Pedro Ruiz, Anna Manuvakhova, Ling Zhai, Brooke Warren, Aliyah Curry, Qinghua Zeng, J Robert Bostwick, Paige N Vinson","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.slasd.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to reflect on the events that have occurred during that time and the knowledge that has been gained. The response to the pandemic was rapid and highly resourced; it was also built upon a foundation of decades of federally funded basic and applied research. Laboratories in government, pharmaceutical, academic, and non-profit institutions all played roles in advancing pre-2020 discoveries to produce clinical treatments. This perspective provides a summary of how the development of high-throughput screening methods in a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) environment at Southern Research Institute (SR) contributed to pandemic response efforts. The challenges encountered are described, including those of a technical nature as well as those of working under the pressures of an unpredictable virus and pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":" ","pages":"100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Solzin, K. Eppler, B. Knapp, H. Buchner, E. Bluhmki
{"title":"Optimising cell-based bioassays via integrated design of experiments (ixDoE) - A practical guide.","authors":"J. Solzin, K. Eppler, B. Knapp, H. Buchner, E. Bluhmki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4107411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4107411","url":null,"abstract":"For process optimisation Design of Experiments (DoE) has long been established as a more powerful strategy than a One Factor at a Time approach. Nevertheless, DoE is not widely used especially in the field of cell-based bioassay development although it is known that complex interactions often exist. We believe that biopharmaceutical manufacturers are reluctant to move beyond standard practices due to the perceived costs, efforts, and complexity. We therefore introduce the integrated DoE (ixDoE) approach to target a smarter use of DoEs in the bioassay setting, specifically in optimising resources and time. Where in a standard practice 3 to 4 separate DoEs would be performed, our ixDoE approach includes the necessary statistical inference from only a single experimental set. Hence, we advocate for an innovative, ixDoE approach accompanied by a suitable statistical analysis strategy and present this as a practical guide for a typical bioassay development from basic research to biopharmaceutical industry.","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85648679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Huang, W. Rao, Chun Wang, Jiajie Lu, Ziqiong Li, Wenjie Kong, Yan Feng, T. Xu, Rziya Rziya, F. Gao
{"title":"Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus-derived microRNA K12-1 over-activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to facilitate cancer progression in HIV-related gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma.","authors":"X. Huang, W. Rao, Chun Wang, Jiajie Lu, Ziqiong Li, Wenjie Kong, Yan Feng, T. Xu, Rziya Rziya, F. Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2022.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slasd.2022.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87956671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBCH10.","authors":"P. Cléroux, L. Voisin, S. Meloche","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2022.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slasd.2022.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79049590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew R Swiatnicki, Laurie Engel, Riva Shrestha, Juliano Alves, S. Goueli, H. Zegzouti
{"title":"Profiling oncogenic KRAS mutant drugs with a cell-based Lumit p-ERK immunoassay.","authors":"Matthew R Swiatnicki, Laurie Engel, Riva Shrestha, Juliano Alves, S. Goueli, H. Zegzouti","doi":"10.1016/j.slasd.2022.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.slasd.2022.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85785046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures in Drug Discovery and Development.","authors":"Ye Fang, R. Eglen","doi":"10.1177/2472555217696795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2472555217696795","url":null,"abstract":"The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D cell cultures are emerging, not only as a new tool in early drug discovery but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. In this review, we assess leading 3D cell culture technologies and their impact on drug discovery, including spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinting. We also discuss the implementation of these technologies in compound identification, screening, and development, ranging from disease modeling to assessment of efficacy and safety profiles.","PeriodicalId":74806,"journal":{"name":"SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D","volume":"1984 1","pages":"2472555217696795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82228766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}