American journal of blood research最新文献

{"title":"Eltrombopag post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant - an emerging indication in younger pediatric patients.","authors":"Aditya Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Prasanth Srinivasan,&nbsp;Gargi Das,&nbsp;Jagdish Prasad Meena,&nbsp;Pranay Tanwar,&nbsp;Rachna Seth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engraftment of neutrophils and platelets after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is imperative for optimal outcomes. Eltrombopag has been used in adults after HSCT to boost platelet production. Its use in pediatric post HSCT patients has been limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical and laboratory details of a post autologous HSCT patient were fetched by a retrospective review of the records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 5-year old male child had primary thrombocytopenia post autologous HSCT for refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Although the stem cell dose infused was adequate, the child had a delay in the engraftment of platelets. After ruling out the causes of post HSCT thrombocytopenia, eltrombopag was started for the child. With the use of eltrombopag, normal thrombopoiesis was restored in the child.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eltrombopag was effective and safe in overcoming post-HSCT primary thrombocytopenia in our patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 2","pages":"168-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165717/pdf/ajbr0011-0168.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38986752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-globulin test positivity indicates advanced disease in Indian CLL patients.","authors":"Richa Gupta,&nbsp;Neha Garg,&nbsp;Abha Singh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) occurs in 10% to 25% of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) while Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) positivity seen in 35% of cases. The prevalence and prognostic significance of DAT positivity is not well documented especially in Indian population. The present study was undertaken to know prevalence and prognostic significance of DAT positivity in CLL in India by associating it with stage and CD 38 expression. The study included fifty-eight newly diagnosed and untreated cases of CLL staged according to Binet and Rai system. Complete hemogram, DAT and immuno-phenotyping by flow cytometry was done to diagnose CLL and to assess CD 38 expression. Student's t test and Chi square test was used to calculate difference between means. <i>p</i> value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results-DAT positivity was found in 27.58% cases. A positive association was seen between DAT and advanced Rai and Binet stage (P = 0.024 and P = 0.014 respectively). A positive association was also seen between DAT and CD 38 (P = 0.008). The study concluded that DAT positivity in Indian CLL patients is high as compared to West. As DAT correlated with advanced Rai/Binet stage, as well as CD 38 positivity, it can be considered as a surrogate marker for advanced disease and used to select patients needing close follow up especially at places where molecular and flow cytometric set up for prognostication is not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 2","pages":"157-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165719/pdf/ajbr0011-0157.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38986750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABO system combination with Rh, Kell and MN group in Georgian blood donors.","authors":"Marina Nagervadze,&nbsp;Irine Tsintsadze,&nbsp;Leila Akhvlediani,&nbsp;Tea Koiava,&nbsp;Sophiko Tskvitinidze,&nbsp;Rusudan Khukhunaishvili,&nbsp;Marina Koridze","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are numerous scientific data about the study of the prevalence of blood group antigens in the different donor population. Several studies showed that the profile of major blood group antigens is not similar in blood donors from different local areas.</p><p><strong>Research objective: </strong>Our scientific goal was to study of the prevalence blood group antigens in the Georgian blood donor population. In the current study, we analyzed the 48 phenotypically combinations based on four major (ABO, Rh, Kell, and MN) blood groups.</p><p><strong>Research methods: </strong>The blood of 1009 donors has been studied on RBC antigens. The sample were collected from the diagnostic laboratory of Medina Ltd Health Centre of Batumi. Blood typing of the sample has been carried out on the basis of the immunogenetics laboratory of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University. The universal monoclone antibodies was used for identify minor blood group antigens. We used as forward as reverse grouping methods. For identification erythrocytes, blood group antigens also were used ID cards, such as ABO/D + Reverse Grouping.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>12 phenotypic combinations have been identified in each O, A, B, AB group of ABO system. Out of 48 theoretically possible phenotypic combinations, we can actually find 1,9 times less phenotypes and the real amount is 25 phenotypes. The remaining 23 phenotypic combinations have not been observed in the studied donors. These are: 1. O, Rh^-K⁺ MM; 2. O, Rh^-K^- MN; 3. O, Rh^-K^- NN; 4. A, Rh^-K⁺ MN; 5. A, Rh^-K⁺ MM; 6. A, Rh^-K⁺ NN; 7. A, Rh^-K^- MM; 8. A, Rh^-K^- NN; 9. B, Rh⁺K⁺ NN; 10. B, Rh^-K⁺ MN; 11. B, Rh^-K⁺ MM; 12. B, Rh^-K⁺ NN; 13. B, Rh^-K^- MN; 14. B, Rh^-K^- MM; 15. B, Rh^-K^- NN; 16. AB, Rh⁺K⁺ MN; 17. AB, Rh⁺K⁺ NN; 18. AB, Rh⁺K^- NN; 19. AB, Rh⁺K^- MM; 20. AB, Rh^-K⁺ MN; 21. AB, Rh^-K⁺ MM; 22. AB, Rh^-K⁺ NN; 23. B, Rh^-K^- NN. The value of χ² in the case is equal to 3221,16. The <i>P</i>-Value is < .00001. The result is significant at P < .05. Out of 1009 studied donors 349 are carriers of phenotypic group A (II), while 19 donors carry AB (IV) group specification. This means that 36.23% of the studied donors have A antigen on the surface of erythrocyte membrane. The majority of them A1 subgroup.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As our research showed there is a quit high polymorphism of blood group phenotype combinations in Georgian blood donors in the example of one clinic. This kind of data is very important for the cli","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 2","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165715/pdf/ajbr0011-0132.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38975420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Hematologic biomarkers and their combinations with disease severity and mortality in COVID-19- an Indian perspective.","authors":"Mukta Pujani,&nbsp;Sujata Raychaudhuri,&nbsp;Nikhil Verma,&nbsp;Harnam Kaur,&nbsp;Shivani Agarwal,&nbsp;Mitasha Singh,&nbsp;Manjula Jain,&nbsp;R K Chandoke,&nbsp;Kanika Singh,&nbsp;Dipti Sidam,&nbsp;Varsha Chauhan,&nbsp;Aparna Singh,&nbsp;Khushbu Katarya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 is a systemic viral infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system, hemostasis as well as immune system. It would be of utmost importance to explore if the most routinely used tests could serve as an aid in determining patient's clinical status or predicting severity of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 506 Covid-19 positive patients and 200 controls over a period of two months (June and July 2020). The cases were sub-classified based on disease severity into mild to moderate (n=337), severe (n=118) and very severe (n=51) and based on survivor status into survivors (n=473) and non-survivors (n=33).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences in WBC count, Absolute neutrophil count (ANC), Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute monocyte count (AMC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) Red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD) and RDW CV between covid cases vs controls; among the clinical subgroups and among the survivors and non-survivors. There was a significant strong positive correlation between various parameters, that is, NLR and MLR (r: 0.852, P=0), MPV and PDW (r: 0.912, P=0), MPV and PLCR (r: 0.956, P=0), PDW and PLCR (r: 0.893, P=0). NLR (AUC: 0.676, P=0) was the best single parameter and NLR+RDW-CV was best combination parameter as per area under curve (0.871) of ROC to distinguish severe from mild to moderate disease.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis were characteristic findings in covid cases while NLR and NLR+RDW-CV emerged as the most effective single and combination CBC parameters in distinguishing mild to moderate and severe cases respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 2","pages":"180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165721/pdf/ajbr0011-0180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38986754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous methotrexate-related T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with CD4, CD30, CD56, EBV-positive tumor cell infiltration: a case illustration and a brief review.","authors":"Issei Omori,&nbsp;Ruriko Kawanabe,&nbsp;Yuki Hashimoto,&nbsp;Aya Mitsui,&nbsp;Kako Kodama,&nbsp;Shinichi Nogi,&nbsp;Hirotaka Tsuno,&nbsp;Ayako Horita,&nbsp;Ikuo Saito,&nbsp;Hanako Ohmatsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used anti-metabolite agent. Long-term MTX treatment can cause MTX-related lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD). T-cell LPDs comprise a small fraction of MTX-LPDs. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)⁺ tumor cells are rarely detected in MTX-related T-cell LPDs (MTX T-LPDs). Therefore, there have been very few reports of EBV⁺ MTX T-LPD. We encountered a case of cutaneous MTX T-LPD with a unique cellular phenotype. The patient was a 71-year-old Japanese man with rheumatoid arthritis treated with MTX for 6 years. He was referred to our department with a 6-month history of red plaques and ulcerated lesions in both lower legs and a 2-week history of high fever and fatigue. Cutaneous specimens showed that medium-sized atypical lymphocytes were positive for CD3, CD4, CD30, CD56, and in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA. The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous MTX T-LPD. Four months after discontinuation of MTX, the skin lesions had disappeared. This is the first report of cutaneous MTX T-LPD with CD4⁺CD30⁺CD56⁺EBV⁺ tumor cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 2","pages":"163-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8165712/pdf/ajbr0011-0163.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38986751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First reported case of secondary mixed phenotype acute leukemia after multiple myeloma.","authors":"Francesca Bacchiarri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Sammartano,&nbsp;Adele Santoni,&nbsp;Donatella Raspadori,&nbsp;Elisabetta Zappone,&nbsp;Marzia Defina,&nbsp;Sara Ciofini,&nbsp;Anna Sicuranza,&nbsp;Monica Bocchia,&nbsp;Alessandro Gozzetti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years the outcome of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly improved, due to new drugs. However, some agents, i.e. the alkylating drug melphalan, can be associated with an increased incidence of secondary malignancies. Myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia are reported in the literature, and rarely acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here we describe a unique case of a 56-years old female patient affected by MM since 2015 in complete remission after autologous stem cell transplant and in lenalidomide maintenance, who developed 2 years later mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). The patient, refractory to both lymphoblastic and myeloid acute leukemia regimens, achieved complete remission with bi-specific anti-CD19/anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody blinatumomab and with hypomethylating agent azacytidine plus the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. She then underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donor and she is still in complete remission after 9 months. To the best of our knowledge, there are no cases in the literature describing MPAL after autologous transplant for MM. Our patient was treated with blinatumomab and venetoclax and achieved complete remission 9 months from allogeneic transplant. The mechanism underlying the development of MPAL is not completely understood and therapies are still lacking. In this context the combination of blinatumomab, azacytidine and venetoclax successfully used in this patient may provide food for thought for further studies in this rare setting of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 1","pages":"123-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010609/pdf/ajbr0011-0123.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25540419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea-blue histiocytosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes harboring isolated trisomy 9: pathognomonic or a coincidence?","authors":"Masahiro Manabe,&nbsp;Yuuji Hagiwara,&nbsp;Reiko Asada,&nbsp;Tomomi Wada,&nbsp;Keiji Shimizu,&nbsp;Yasuyoshi Sugano,&nbsp;Ki-Ryang Koh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although isolated trisomy 9, a form of chromosome aneuploidy, is rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), up to 30 cases of AML involving isolated trisomy 9 have been reported to date. We report the case of a 77-year-old female with AML, in which trisomy 9 was detected as an isolated aberration. In addition, the patient's bone marrow displayed so-called sea-blue histiocytosis. The accumulation of further cases of isolated trisomy 9-harboring AML involving sea-blue histiocytosis is necessary to determine whether the coexistence of these findings is pathognomonic or a coincidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010599/pdf/ajbr0011-0066.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25551641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single agent oral selinexor as a key to potential cure in refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: case report and literature review.","authors":"Nurit Horesh,&nbsp;Michal Weiler-Sagie,&nbsp;Shimrit Ringelstein-Harlev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) portends a poor prognosis, with an estimated overall survival of less than 6 months. In the presented case, a female patient with DLBCL refractory to multiple lines of therapy, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, was treated with single-agent selinexor, achieving partial response following 5 months of treatment, which allowed the patient to proceed to potentially curative allogeneic stem cell transplantion. This approach enabled the patient, who would otherwise have been considered a candidate for palliative care, to achieve the most prolonged complete response since her first lymphoma-specific treatment. This outcome implies that early identification of relapsed/refractory patients who may benefit most from this drug - either as a single agent or in drug combinations - is imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010607/pdf/ajbr0011-0111.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25540417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the stability of plasma ATP in vitro.","authors":"Yiwen Chen,&nbsp;Shudong Xia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the most direct source of energy in organisms. Recently, it is evident that ATP plays an essential role in the immune and inflammatory systems. However, ATP is unstable when it exposed to room temperature in vitro. Therefore, our article is aim to explore the stability of ATP.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>28 samples of ATP were detected. Student's t test or one-way ANOVA was used to compare multiple groups. It shows that during the storage process from day 1 to day 70, the overall levels tend to decrease.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The level of ATP does not reduce at least in the first month when stored at -80°C. On the 70th day, there was a star drop, and the levels were lower than before.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 1","pages":"96-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010606/pdf/ajbr0011-0096.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25540415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio are related to poor prognosis in Hodgkin lymphoma patients.","authors":"Qian-Qing Shen,&nbsp;Jie Gao,&nbsp;Huan Tao,&nbsp;Shuo-Ting Wang,&nbsp;Fu-Jue Wang,&nbsp;Ying-Ying Chen,&nbsp;Xue Zhang,&nbsp;Yong-Qian Jia","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The inflammatory and immune cells have an important impact on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). The derived neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) has been confirmed to have a similar prognostic value as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in many kinds of tumors, but it has not been explored as a prognostic marker for Hodgkin lymphoma patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value of dNLR and NLR in HL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 213 newly diagnosed HL patients from 2008 to 2019. Then, the prognostic significance of dNLR and NLR in these patients was evaluated. Meanwhile, subgroup analyses based on the Ann Arbor stage and histotype were also carried out. Finally, propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with dNLR ≥ 2.1 showed shorter overall survival (OS) (P = 0.006). Also, patients with NLR ≥ 3.0 showed worse OS (P = 0.005) and progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.031). These results were also found in patients with early-stage and mixed cellularity subtype HL. Besides, high dNLR represented an independent prognostic marker for OS and high NLR remained an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS on multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated dNLR and NLR were related to worse survival in HL patients. For the first time, the dNLR has shown the potential to be a new prognostic factor for patients with HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":7479,"journal":{"name":"American journal of blood research","volume":"11 1","pages":"100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8010605/pdf/ajbr0011-0100.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25540416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}