Agrarian science最新文献

{"title":"Development of software for contactless control of UAVs","authors":"D. E. Fedorov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-107-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-107-112","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the development of a program for contactless control of a UAV using a neural network that tracks the position of an object. For these purposes, a corresponding model was trained on the ultralytics YOLOv8 neural network. The graphs of the training of this model are presented, demonstrating the change in the magnitude of the loss function over the bounding box and class, as well as the values of the mAP50-95 metric. The training was completed when the value of the mAP50-95 metric was 0.855. Software has been developed to control the UAV using hand movements, its block diagram and description are given. The program reads the coordinates of the hand in each frame, calculates its area, evaluates the received data and sends control commands to the copter, which moves in the appropriate direction for a given step, including a certain group of LEDs. At the same time, the screen displays a simulation of the drone›s movement in two projections (front and top) and displays the relative coordinates of the drone. The software was tested on a Geoscan pioneer mini quadcopter. It can be used for educational, demonstration purposes, in agriculture, UAV sports competitions, aerial photography and video filming and other fields of activity.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"63 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the structure of the acreage of the European Union countries with the concept of sustainable agriculture. Germany","authors":"T. V. Papaskiri, S. V. Mitrofanov, N. V. Orlova, A. Y. Soshnikov, A. A. Shevchuk","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-146-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-146-152","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of changes in the structure of acreage and the land use system on the sustainability of agriculture in Germany. It is established that the land management system in Germany is decentralized, with regional and local authorities responsible for land issues. According to the German Law on Land Management, land plots must be used taking into account environmental, economic and social needs. This means that land use must be sustainable and meet the needs of local communities and ecosystems. Germany has historically been one of the largest markets for organic products. As of 2020, the share of land under organic farming in the country is 9.6% (1592.7 thousand hectares). In 2001–2020, the area of land under organic farming increased by 56.8%. In general, the land management system in Germany is sustainable and focused on meeting environmental, economic and social needs. The country is actively taking measures to preserve and improve soil quality, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, preserve biodiversity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Germany is also actively developing organic farming and precision farming, which makes it possible to use land resources more efficiently and reduce the negative impact on the environment. However, despite all these measures, the analysis of the reports of the German Government, the OECD and the FAO shows that the country still has problems with pollution of water resources, biocenoses and a decrease in soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"251 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of various sources of amino acids on composition of intestinal microflora of meat chickens and roosters of parent herd of cross “Smena 9”","authors":"E. Yildirim, L. A. Ilyina, G. Laptev, V. Filippova, A. V. Dubrovin, D. G. Tyurina, K. A. Kalitkina, A. S. Dubrovina, E. S. Ponomareva, V. Fisinin, I. A. Egorov, T. Egorova, V. Manukyan, T. N. Lenkova, O. Degtyareva, M. S. Tishenkov, E. S. Demidova, L. M. Kashporov, V. E. Pashchenko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-53-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-53-60","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The intensin’s microbiota plays a crucial role in feed digestion and nutrient digestion in farm poultry, influencing zootechnical performance.The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the addition of lysine and methionine in various forms to the diet on the composition of the intestinal microflora of chickens and roosters of the «Smena 9» cross, as well as to establish a connection between the composition of microflora in different diets with the zootechnical indicators of birds.Methods. Physiological reseach were carried out on meat chickens of the Plimutrock breed and roosters of the Cornish breed of the parent herd of the domestic cross “Smena 9” selection of the “Smena” SSC. 4 groups were formed (control 1A and experimental 2A-4A) such as of 9 laying heads and 4 groups of 9 rooster heads (control 1B and experimental 2B-4B). Analysis of samples of the contents of blind processes of the intestine of birds was carried out by PCR.Results. As shown by the quantitative PCR method, the studied feeding factors: various sources of lysine and methionine and a 5% reduced level of metabolic energy of feed had a different effect on the composition of the microflora of chickens and roosters of the parent stock of the new cross «Smena 9». For example, with a decrease in the level of metabolic energy in the diets of chickens, there was a decrease from 1.2 to 5.0 times in such representatives of the normoflora as Bacteroidetes and Eubacteriaceae, compared with similar groups with a basic amount of metabolic energy (p < 0.05). When lysine was introduced into the diet in the form of monochlorohydrate and DL-methionine, a decrease in the weight of ovaries with an oviduct by 6.9 g was noted against the background of a decrease in the level of metabolic energy compared with the corresponding group with a base content of metabolic energy (p ≤ 0.05), whereas when using lysine in the form of sulfate and methionine in the form of a hydroxyanalog of methionine, a similar effect was reduced not noted (p > 0.05). At the same time, shifts in the composition of microflora against the background of changes in diets did not have any connection with the studied zootechnical parameters in chickens and roosters.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features and prospects for the development of rural tourism in the Chuvash Republic","authors":"L. M. Ivanova, A. S. Kornilova, R. A. Pevnev","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-153-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-153-159","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Rural tourism is a developing, promising field of activity with specific features. Clients are not just looking for an idle holiday, but want to get acquainted with local customs, and some even want to participate in the production and processing of agricultural products, which leads to an expansion of the range of farm products, stimulates the production of environmentally friendly products, the development of small businesses and the improvement appearance of the village. In the article we examined the essence and importance of rural tourism, described the potential of agrotourism in the Chuvash Republic, identified the main factors hindering the development of the industry, as well as problems that require solutions.Methods. In the process of observing, collecting, summarizing and processing information, various methods of analytical, economic-statistical, graphical and other research methods were used.In order to compile static statistical ideas about the state of society and public opinion in the region under study, a cross-sectional study was carried out, for which a questionnaire was compiled and an electronic survey of respondents was carried out.Results. The analysis shows the underdevelopment of rural tourism in the republic. Despite the high tourist and recreational potential of the republic, factors hindering the development of rural tourism have been identified: low level of development of rural infrastructure, quality of rural roads, poor Internet coverage, lack of modern hospitality facilities, rural residents are not ready for change, improving the level of service, they lack education in the relevant field.The emergence and development of government programs to support initiatives in the field of rural tourism can become an impetus for the creation and transformation of hospitality facilities in the countryside, and, consequently, the formation of a whole new tourism sector.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"608 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the development of agricultural engineering in the conditions of modern sanctions pressure","authors":"Yu. A. Kleimenova, G. Bayanduryan","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-133-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-133-138","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the current state of the agricultural machinery market and the change in its structure after the imposition of sanctions. The production of the main types of agricultural machinery for 2018–2022 is analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the authors showed that despite the increase in the share of domestic machinery in the market, its production volumes are decreasing every year. In addition, the analysis made it possible to systematize the prospects for import substitution in the production of agricultural machinery. It is shown that under the conditions of sanctions pressure, it is necessary to solve a number of problems that hinder the development of domestic agricultural engineering. Specific proposals are presented aimed at increasing the production of domestic agricultural machinery to achieve the goals of import substitution, as well as providing the domestic market with modern and high-tech types of machinery and equipment, which will allow agricultural producers to produce high-quality products in order to ensure the country›s food security.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"193 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of the quantitative and qualitative composition of zooperiphyton on the surface of duckweed (Lemna minor) grown in a recirculating water supply system","authors":"I. Lippo","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-76-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-76-80","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The quantitative and qualitative composition of organisms settling on floating macrophytes depends on the presence in the water of nutrients necessary for their life, such as fish waste products, food residues and excrement.Methods. The roots and leaves of duckweed (Lemna minor) act as a substrate for the attachment and development of aquatic organisms. And they, in turn, consume organic substances as food sources, thereby reducing the amount of pollutants in the water. In this regard, it seems relevant to study the faunal composition, frequency of occurrence and density of various taxonomic groups of organisms settling on duckweed leaves during the integrated cultivation of aquatic plants and aquaculture objects.Results. The results of the study showed that the zooperiphyton of duckweed is characterized by a high diversity of the faunal complex. On the surface of aquatic macrophytes (Lemna minor), grown by the integrated method together with carps, the number of hydrobionts is twice as large as on duckweed grown in a control installation of a closed water supply, in which there were no fish. Fish excrement and washed-out food residues created a nutrient substrate for the development of aquatic organisms.A total of 22 species of organisms were found inhabiting duckweed in the experimental variant, among which barnacle crustaceans dominated, rotifers were subdominants, and chironomids, copepods, and nematodes were also found. The zooperiphyton of duckweed in the control version consisted of 12 taxa of hydrobionts, most often there were protozoa and barnacles, there were protists, paddlefoot crayfish and oligochaetes. The greatest faunal diversity was recorded on duckweed in the experimental version.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"87 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study of the working body of a centrifugal type mixing plant","authors":"V. Teterin, N. S. Panfеrov, S. A. Pehnov, E. V. Pestryakov, A. Ovchinnikov","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-120-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-120-126","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The use of fertilizers in the agro-industrial complex is an important means to ensure sustainable development, food and environmental security. The scientific application of various types of fertilizers can reduce the negative impact on natural ecosystems, as well as optimize the use of resources and take into account the individual needs of each plant. Due to the balanced composition and biological modification by chelate complexes, fertilizer mixture has increased biological efficiency and stimulate plant growth. At the same time, there is an urgent task of obtaining mixtures that have a high degree of uniformity. In this connection, the requirements for the mixing equipment are very high, since the structural and kinematic parameters are the most important factors affecting the stability of the mixing process and the uniformity of the final mixture.Methods. Based on the analysis of existing mixing plants, the authors proposed the concept of a centrifugal type mixing plant with a working body in the form of a conical surface. In the course of the research, the processes occurring during the operation of the working body, the proposed centrifugal mixer, were studied using methods of mathematical analysis, graphical and mathematical modelling.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the greatest influence on the change in the absolute velocity of the granules is exerted by the circumferential velocity of the granules, which is largely determined by the rotation frequency and parameters of the conical surface. In turn, it was found that over time, the angle between the direction of the absolute velocity of the fertilizer granules and the forming conical surface tends to the direction of the circumferential velocity, while with increasing rotation frequency, this indicator changes more rapidly.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"638 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rice collection samples Oryza sativa L. in the Russian Far East","authors":"M. Ilyushko, M. Romashova, S. Guchenko","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-96-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-96-101","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Early-ripening varieties breeding is a constant task in the selection of rice in the Russian Far Eastern rice-growing zone, since the duration of the vegetation period is the main limiting factor in the region. Mediumand late-ripening forms, although more productive, often do not reach the full maturity phase. Early ripening varieties, as a rule, are less productive. Despite a certain negative relationship between productivity and precocity, it is necessary to select precisely these properties of rice plants.Methods. In the work, 157 samples of the updated rice collection Oryza sativa L. from 22 countries were studied. Varieties Primorsky 29 and Dolinny were used as control. Rice was sown in 2022 in a growing area in 1.54 m2 pots filled with soil. Each sample was placed in rows with row spacing of 15 cm, 10–12 plants in a row (randomized) in double repetition. Standard biometric measurements were taken. The sample size of each sample was 5–10 plants in replication. A total of 2194 plants were analyzed in the work.Results. Based on the first year results studying of the rice collection in the Primorsky Krai conditions, 39 accessions were identified that exceeded the standards in terms of main panicle grain mass and/or plant grain mass. Four of them exceed both standards in productivity (UkrNIS 9706, UkrNIS 3455, DON 7790, Nika Zulanzon). Nine early maturing accessions were identified with a vegetation period of 101–106 days, which is 2–8 days lower than the standards, which retained the productivity of panicles and plants at the control level (Zeravshanika, Onne Mochi, Mu 07-980, Mu-07-1055, Ussur, Uzros 24-24, No. 24, Kascade, Long Jing 15). Samples No. 24 are superior in main panicle grain mass, Mu 07-980 in grain mass of both control plants.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"548 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the dynamics and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in Russian agriculture","authors":"Y. Romantseva, A. M. Bodur, V. Maslakova, M. Kagirova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-139-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-139-145","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of assessing the carbon footprint in the economy has recently received much attention in many countries around the world, including Russia. Given the importance of the problem of climate change, the urgent task is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to achieve international climate goals outlined by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Strategy for the socio-economic development of a country with low greenhouse gas emissions until 2050.Currently, the main global trend in the development of economic sectors is the implementation of ESG principles and a focus on the use of energy-saving technologies, therefore, special attention in all sectors of the economy is paid to the issues of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and assessing their impact on climate change. Accounting, monitoring and justification of directions for reducing the carbon footprint is also an important task in the context of the formation of the Green Economy. Agriculture is in third place in terms of emissions after energy sector and industry sector. Regular monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions by source is necessary to effectively address the emissions problem and develop cost-effective public policy measures to ensure sustainable agricultural development and develop export potential.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive study of the volumes and sources of greenhouse gas emissions, the role of agriculture in the formation of the carbon footprint. The study examines in detail the volume and structure of greenhouse gas emissions in long-term dynamics for 1990–2022. The use of a number of statistical methods made it possible to establish a reduction in emissions in the agricultural sector, which is explained by a sharp reduction in resource potential and the increased use of resource-saving technologies in recent years.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of metabolic markers in the blood of dairy goats with different dynamics of milk yield in the first half of lactation","authors":"V. B. Leibova, M. Pozovnikova","doi":"10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-44-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-379-2-44-47","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The aim of the study was to study the biochemical profile of blood in the first three months after lambing in first-year goats with different dynamics of milk yield in the first half of lactation.Methods. The work was carried out on a farm with intensive technology for keeping goats of the Zaanen breed (Leningrad region). Blood sampling was carried out in the spring and summer period: on the 20th– 30th day, 50–60 days and 80–90 days after lambing. The concentration of total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides was determined in the blood serum. To analyze the biochemical profile of the blood at the end of the 4th month of lactation, the goats were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 9) included animals that reached maximum milk yield in the 2nd month of lactation, group II (n = 8) included individuals with peak milk yield in the 3rd month of lactation. Milk yield for the first three months after lambing did not differ between the groups.Results. At the 4th month of lactation, milk yield was 22.3% higher in group II (pAdjusted < 0.05). Two of the seven biochemical blood parameters showed a difference: in group I, the blood glucose concentration on the 50–60 days after lambing was 7.7% lower (pAdjusted < 0.05), and the serum creatinine content on the 80–90 days was 10.1% higher (pAdjusted < 0.01) compared with group II. These differences may be due to the peculiarities of adaptation to metabolic load in first-year goats with different time periods from lambing to reaching maximum milk yield.","PeriodicalId":7465,"journal":{"name":"Agrarian science","volume":"295 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}