Pulmonary pharmacology最新文献_第2页

Central 5-HT1Aand 5-HT1DReceptors Modulate Reflex Bronchoconstriction in Guinea-pigs 中央5- ht1a和5- ht1d受体调节豚鼠支气管收缩反射

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0050

A.G. Ramage , D.J. Bootle , J.J. Adcock

引用次数: 1

Role of Laryngeal Afferents in Cough 喉传入神经在咳嗽中的作用

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0040

Giuseppe Sant'Ambrogio, Franca B Sant'Ambrogio

{"title":"Role of Laryngeal Afferents in Cough","authors":"Giuseppe Sant'Ambrogio, Franca B Sant'Ambrogio","doi":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0040","DOIUrl":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) is the main source of laryngeal afferent activity. A clear respiratory modulation can be noted when recording from the peripheral cut end of this nerve in several mammalian species. This modulation is due to three types of sensory endings: cold, pressure and ‘drive’ receptors. Although respiratory-modulated receptors play an important role in the function of the upper airway, they are not generally viewed as a primary factor in the elicitation of cough. Other more likely candidates for this role are thought to be the so-called ‘irritant’ endings. These are receptors that do not discharge in close association with the breathing cycle, but are usually silent or randomly active in control conditions. However, they are promptly recruited when the laryngeal mucosa is exposed to mechanical and/or chemical irritation. In fact, these receptors respond to well recognized tussigenic stimuli and are therefore thought to provide the triggering mechanisms for the cough reflex from the larynx. Endings with similar characteristics are also found in the most proximal areas of the tracheo-bronchial tree. On the basis of their response to irritants, these receptors are identified under the common denomination of ‘irritant receptors’. However, within this category of endings we find a wide range of distinctive characteristics, be this in terms of responsiveness to water solutions of various osmolarity and composition or to particular responses to substances produced within the body (autacoids) or experimentally administered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74618,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary pharmacology","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/pulp.1996.0040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20176900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Role of Opioidergic and Serotonergic Mechanisms in Cough and Antitussives 阿片能和血清素能在咳嗽和止咳药中的作用

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0046

J. Kamei

{"title":"Role of Opioidergic and Serotonergic Mechanisms in Cough and Antitussives","authors":"J. Kamei","doi":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides an overview of our current understanding of the serotonergic and opioidergic mechanisms of cough and antitussives. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT, at doses of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, ip, markedly reduced the number of coughs in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The antitussive effects of 8-OH-DPAT, dihydrocodeine and dextromethorphan were significantly reduced by pretreatment with methysergide, but not with ketanserin. Therefore it is possible to speculate that 5-HT<sub>1</sub>receptors, in particular the 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>receptors, may be more important than others with respect to the effect of antitussive drugs. DAMGO, a selective μ-opioid receptor agonist, and U-50,488H, a highly selective κ-opioid receptor agonist, have potent antitussive effects when administered either icv or ip. However, we did not observe a cough-depressant effect of DPDPE, a selective δ-opioid receptor agonist. These results indicate that the antitussive effects of opioids are mediated predominantly by μ- and κ-opioid receptors. On the other hand, naloxonazine, a selective μ<sub>1</sub>-opioid receptor antagonist, had no effect on the antitussive effects associated with icv DAMGO. These results indicate that μ<sub>2</sub>- rather than μ<sub>1</sub>-opioid receptors are involved in μ-opioid receptor-induced antitussive effects. Antitussive effects of dextromethorphan and noscapine were significantly and dose-dependently reduced by pretreatment with rimcazole, a specific antagonist of sites. However, rimcazole did not have a significant effect on the antitussive effect of morphine. These results suggest that sites may be involved in the antitussive mechanism of non-narcotic antitussive drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74618,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary pharmacology","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 349-356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/pulp.1996.0046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20178076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 93

Role of the Larynx in Cough 喉在咳嗽中的作用

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0053

G. Sant'Ambrogio

引用次数: 8

The Role of Capsaicin-sensitive C-fibre Afferent Nerves in the Cough Reflex 辣椒素敏感c纤维传入神经在咳嗽反射中的作用

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0041

J.-A. Karlsson

引用次数: 79

Mechanisms of Action of Central and Peripheral Antitussive Drugs 中枢和外周止咳药的作用机制

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0047

Donald C. Bolser

引用次数: 45

Tachykinin Receptor Antagonists and Cough 速激肽受体拮抗剂与咳嗽

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0043

C. Advenier , X. Emonds-Alt

{"title":"Tachykinin Receptor Antagonists and Cough","authors":"C. Advenier , X. Emonds-Alt","doi":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0043","DOIUrl":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several potent and selective antagonists for tachykinin receptors are now available and appear as powerful tools to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of tachykinins and to identify the type of receptor involved in their effect. Indeed, a lot of studies have shown that tachykinin NK<sub>2</sub>receptor antagonists (SR 48968, MEN 10627) are able to inhibit cough induced by citric acid, capsaicin or allergen challenge in the unanesthetized guinea-pig or mechanical stimulation of the trachea in the cat. The effects of tachykinin NK<sub>1</sub>receptor antagonists are still debated, whereas an inhibitory effect of SR 142801, a tachykinin NK<sub>3</sub>receptor antagonist, has been reported against citric acid-induced cough in the guinea-pig. Experiments with tachykinin receptor antagonists which do not cross the blood brain barrier suggest that the site of action of tachykinin receptor antagonists is most probably peripheral, but a central action, at least in an area not protected by the blood brain barrier, cannot be excluded. Finally, tachykinin NK<sub>2</sub>receptor stimulation seems to be involved in sensitisation of cough reflex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74618,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary pharmacology","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 329-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/pulp.1996.0043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20176902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Analysis of the Cough Sound: an Overview 咳嗽声分析:综述

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0034

J. Korpáš , J. Sadloňová , M. Vrabec

{"title":"Analysis of the Cough Sound: an Overview","authors":"J. Korpáš , J. Sadloňová , M. Vrabec","doi":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1006/pulp.1996.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coughing is presented by a sudden air expulsion from the airways which is characterized by a typical sound. This sound is so characteristic that it allows identification of the cough and its distinction from other vocal manifestations. The cough sound is a very important symptom of well over 100 diseases and other conditions of medical significance. Changes in its character may have a considerable value in identifying the mechanisms of airway pathology present in respiratory diseases. The cough sound gives information about the pathophysiological mechanisms of coughing by indicating the structural nature of the tissue during therapy that leads to certain patterns of cough. Similarly the character of the cough sound gives information about the behaviour of the glottis and whether the glottis behaves differently in different pathological conditions. Analysis of the cough sound record has significant value in prognosis because its changes may indicate the effectiveness of therapy or the progress of disease. Despite recent progress in cough sound research the attention paid to this interesting physiological and clinical problem is still not sufficient to solve completely various open questions, including our correct knowledge of the mechanism of creation of cough sounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":74618,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary pharmacology","volume":"9 5","pages":"Pages 261-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1006/pulp.1996.0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20176980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 163

Assessment of the Antitussive Efficacy of Codeine Using Cough Sound Pressure Levels as a Means of Measuring Cough 用咳嗽声压级测量可待因的止咳效果

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0048

C. Freestone, R. Eccles, S. Morris, M.S.M. Jawad

引用次数: 6

Methods of Assessing Cough and Antitussives in Man 人类咳嗽和止咳药疗效评价方法

Pulmonary pharmacology Pub Date : 1996-10-01 DOI: 10.1006/pulp.1996.0052

K.Fan Chung

引用次数: 15