Psychiatric research and clinical practice最新文献

{"title":"Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Critical Gap of Interest in Global Psychiatry.","authors":"Mónica Acuña-Rodríguez, Ornella Fiorillo-Moreno, Patricia Delgado","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20250030","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20250030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the lack of evidence regarding primary data on the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Brazil has been highlighted. The discussion underscores the concerning rise in autism diagnoses over recent decades, based on data from the United Kingdom. Although various factors have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, much of the available information remains inconclusive and restricted to specific geographic regions. This raises concerns about the validity of published findings, given the reported influence of genetic and environmental factors, both of which are key risk determinants for ASD and vary across regions and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major Depressive Disorder in Long COVID and Exposure to Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines During Infection by SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Hernan F Guillen-Burgos, Juan F Gálvez-Flórez, Sergio Moreno-López, Sabrina Wong, Angela T H Kwan, Mariana Ramirez-Posada, Juan-Manuel Anaya, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240112","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common in long COVID syndrome; however, the neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. An immune activation response has been associated with COVID-19 severity as well as in MDD. We hypothesize that high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with new-onset MDD and severe outcomes such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and risk of suicide ideation and behavior (SI/SB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control nested to a cohort study was carried out on a total of 678 COVID-19 survivors (MDD = 184 vs. non-MDD = 494). A pro-inflammatory panel of serum levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17α, TNF-α) was evaluated during COVID-19 hospitalization and severe outcomes such as TRD and SI/SB were assessed in individuals with new onset of MDD after hospital discharge compared to non-MDD COVID-19 survivors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified in MDD participants compared to non-MDD subgroups during long COVID. These differences were sustained also for TRD and SI/SB severity outcomes. There is a mild association of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MDD, TRD, and SI/SB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during severe or critical COVID-19 exposure may explain long COVID associated MDD and thus severe outcomes such as TRD and SI/SB.</p><p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice: </strong>Identifying elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19 as a risk factor for MDD and severe outcomes underscores the need for early screening and targeted treatments in long COVID. Monitoring cytokine levels may help clinicians predict and manage TRD and SI/SB in this population, improving long-term psychiatric outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Future of the Psychiatrist.","authors":"James B Potash, Alex McClanahan, Jay Davidson, William Butler, Nathan Carroll, Anne Ruble, Mary Yaden, Darlene King, John Torous, Peter P Zandi, Katherine G Kennedy, Thomas E Smith, Arpan Waghray, Robert Trestman, Marketa Wills","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240130","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The American Psychiatric Association (APA) issued a 2023 report on the future of psychiatry, focusing on how the organization should position itself in relation to coming developments over the next 10 years. Here, we follow up with a discussion of how the psychiatrist's role needs to evolve to adapt to the changes ahead.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We drew on senior experts and junior trainees within the APA's Council on Healthcare Systems and Financing, along with additional content experts, to choose areas of focus and discuss their interrelationships. Literature review focused on publications with implications of these areas for future training and practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We are only ∼5% of the mental health work force, and we have unique strengths, including training providing us the ability to discern the varied factors contributing to distress, and direct and apply interventions across all available modalities. Psychiatrists make best use of our capabilities when we lead the process of comprehensively formulating patients' problems and generating a multi-faceted treatment approach. We have chosen six areas where we envision new developments impacting how psychiatrists will practice and residents should train: digital data and precision medicine, measurement-based care, artificial intelligence (AI), psychotherapy, integrated care, and care for the seriously mentally ill. We provide suggestions regarding next steps that will allow us to make the best use of our training and expand access to high quality diagnosis and care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance to clinical practice: </strong>We will need to handle the most challenging cases: the most psychiatrically complex, medically complex, and treatment-resistant. We must preserve our skill, unique among physicians, in psychotherapeutic approaches, even as we manage psychiatric illness. We must also adapt and become more tech-savvy, as digital data, mobile and computer-based treatments, electronic medical records, and AI algorithms take on increasing prominence in our field.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Treatment Options in Youth With Major Depressive Disorder: Observations From the TX-YDSRN Registry Study.","authors":"Emine Rabia Ayvaci, Karabi Nandy, Ryan Becker, Laura Stone, Abu Minhajuddin, Holli Slater, Lynnel C Goodman, Sarah M Wakefield, Eric A Storch, Joseph C Blader, Cesar A Soutullo, Graham J Emslie, Madhukar H Trivedi","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240117","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Treatment decisions for depression are a complex process, influenced by factors such as clinical characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and patient/caregiver preferences. This study examines the characteristics of treatment options during the first month of enrollment among depressed youth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data for 646 depressed youth were extracted from the Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network study. Participants' treatments during the first month were categorized as no treatment (NT), psychotherapy only (THER), pharmacotherapy only (MED), or a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy (COMB). Sociodemographic and clinical features were compared across these treatment types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>7% were on NT, 5% on THER, 35% on MED, and 53% on COMB. The MED group was more likely to have low income compared to the COMB group. Compared to the MED group, COMB treatment had higher depression severity and suicidality. The NT group showed higher rates of social risk compared to the group with COMB. Treatment groups did not differ significantly in sex or race. When treatment preferences were examined, 40% of youth on MED expressed a preference for COMB treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment options vary with demographic characteristics, depression severity, suicidality, and high-risk social factors. The finding that youth on MED are more likely to have low income compared to COMB treatment, despite a preference for COMB treatment among many, may suggest a potential barrier to accessing comprehensive treatment options.</p><p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice: </strong>Findings highlight the need to address barriers to combination treatment, which is preferred by youth and caregivers for managing depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotropic Drugs for Older Adults With Psychiatric Disorders Presenting to the Emergency Department: Prescription Patterns and Treatment Outcomes.","authors":"Marianna Mazza, Marcello Covino, Francesco Maria Lisci, Caterina Brisi, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Giuseppe Marano, Francesca Abate, Maria Benedetta Anesini, Gianluca Boggio, Michele Ciliberto, Valeria De Masi, Cecilia Falsini, Ester Maria Marzo, Sara Rossi, Maria Chiara Spera, Alberto Torresi, Benedetta Simeoni, Francesco Franceschi, Gabriele Sani","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20250002","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20250002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A high proportion of patients presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs) consists of vulnerable elderly people. Mental illnesses are frequently related to advancing age, with difficult to detect symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate psychiatric drug use by geriatric patients in an ED for whom a psychiatric consultation was needed, according to their psychopathology and severity of outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During 2014 to 2023, 342 aged patients (35.96% men and 64.04% women; median age = 73 years, range 68-79 years) sought help at the ED of our hospital and required psychiatric consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male sex, nonsuicidal self-harm, and access through emergency medical services were predictors of >48-h ED stay/hospital admission (the main severity outcome). Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and psychotic disorders were more socially disadvantaged and with significantly longer length of stay at the ED than the other groups. Additionally, BD patients had more psychiatric drug prescriptions at discharge than patients in the other diagnostic groups. Current nonsuicidal self-harm emerged as a predictor of >48-h ED stay/hospital admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future studies should focus on investigating suicide risk in ED contexts, on correct diagnosing and on prescription appropriateness of medications in older adults with psychiatric disorders referring to the ED so to tailor-cut treatment on individual patients' needs.</p><p><strong>Relevant to clinical practice: </strong>This study highlights the significant impact of psychiatric conditions on healthcare utilization among elderly patients presenting to the ED. The findings emphasize the need for improved diagnosis and management of psychiatric disorders, medication optimization, and tailored treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemental Health Expenditures Among Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Victor Rodrigues, Jessica Lutz, Carol Wei, Mark Olfson, Christina Mangurian, Chuan-Mei Lee","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240140","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"150-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Identity, Thwarted Belongingness, and Perceived Burdensomeness Among Latinx and Black Adolescents in the United States.","authors":"Carolina Vélez-Grau, Melissa McTernan, Michael A Lindsey, Laura Mufson","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240111","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Ethnic identity formation is one of the most important tasks of adolescence. There is limited information about ethnic identity and interpersonal factors associated with suicide ideation and their impact on mental health and wellbeing among Latinx and Black adolescents. This study examines ethnic identity, thwarted belongingness (TB), and perceived burdensomeness (PB) among Latinx and Black adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Latinx and Black adolescents were recruited from community agencies and completed self-reports about interpersonal factors, ethnic identity, and demographics. Linear multiple regression models were used to evaluate the association between ethnic identity (MEIM composite score), TB, and PB, controlling for gender, age, ethnicity, income, country of birth, and language.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stronger ethnic identity was associated with lower TB but not PB. TB continued to be significant after adjusting the model. In this adjusted model, higher-income was associated with higher TB and PB. In addition, speaking Spanish was associated with lower PB among Latinx youth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The association between ethnic identity and TB suggests an opportunity for suicide prevention. Strengthening ethnic identity may reduce TB among Latinx and Black adolescents and, in turn, may lower suicide ideation. Ethnic identity interventions are universally available in schools, which makes the potential to use them readily accessible for adolescents, especially those with limited access to specialized mental health interventions and services.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"109-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborating to Leverage American Heart Association's EmPOWERED to Serve Faith-Based Networks for Methamphetamine and Stimulant Misuse Educational Campaign in Black and Hispanic Churches.","authors":"Aviva K Olsavsky, Brianna Boggs, Olubusola Dehinbo, Tariq Salem, Arika Cason, Malka Sierra, Julie Lay, Daniel Sunday, Kendra Huber, Stephen Scott, Crystal Natvig, Susan K Mikulich-Gilbertson, Valerie Riley, Comilla Sasson","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240051","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In recent years, Black and Hispanic communities have been disproportionately impacted by growth in stimulant use disorders and overdose-related mortality. Faith-based institutions serve an important role in communities, and thus, community-based interventions to enhance psychoeducation and reduce stigma are a promising area. The American Heart Association EmPOWERED to Serve program has developed health lessons through community-based collaborations, including a video regarding stimulant use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In collaboration with church partners, program staff and collaborators developed and implemented a 10-min video in 12 church communities across several US states and in Puerto Rico. Implementation methods included virtual, hybrid, and in-person forums. Six churches participated in a pre- and post-video survey to assess effectiveness of the stimulant use disorder video for modifying attitudes toward substance use and for instilling knowledge about stimulant use disorders. Survey data (<i>N</i> = 478) were analyzed in SPSS utilizing Wilcoxon signed ranks for Likert scale responses or McNemar's tests for dichotomous data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data suggested improvement in compassion for people with substance use and knowledge regarding stimulant use disorders. By contrast, sense of comfort in talking to loved ones with substance use and beliefs about substance use being a medical illness did not change following the video.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work suggests that a brief 10-min educational video lesson implemented by a trusted community leader is feasible and effective for reducing stigma and enhancing knowledge about substance use. Further research is required to design additional interventions and to assess for longitudinal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Minimizing Risk and Harm in the Use of Psychedelics.","authors":"Jules Evans, Marc Aixalà, Brian T Anderson, William Brennan, Rebecka Bremler, Joost J Breeksema, Lisa Burback, Abigail E Calder, Robin L Carhart-Harris, Katherine Cheung, Neşe Devenot, Ingmar Gorman, Jakub Greń, Peter S Hendricks, Brian Holoyda, Edward Jacobs, Joy Krecké, Daniel J Kruger, David Luke, Tomislav Majić, Amy L McGuire, Nicky J Mehtani, David S Mathai, Kristin Nash, Tehseen Noorani, Roman Palitsky, Oliver C Robinson, Otto Simonsson, Elin Stahre, Michiel van Elk, David B Yaden","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240128","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article outlines recommendations from 30 psychedelic researchers on how to create a better psychedelic safety net.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey of 30 psychedelic researchers asked them to identify key critical research gaps around psychedelic harm and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The critical research gaps identified by the authors included defining the main types of psychedelic harm, the predictors of those harms, and the most effective way to treat those harms. They also call for better support for those experiencing post-psychedelic difficulties, including better online information, peer support groups, affordable therapy, and psychiatric consultation and medication. Finally, the authors call for better funding to create a psychedelic safety net, and suggest psychedelic philanthropists, investors and companies could commit 1% of their investment in psychedelics into supporting safety measures such as research and support services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The authors identify several practical steps to create a better psychedelic safety net and call for more funding to psychedelic safety measures such as research and support services.</p><p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice: </strong>The authors outline important gaps in our knowledge around the safety and risk profile of psychedelic medicines and identify practical steps forward for researchers and clinical practitioners to make this promising field safer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are There Race-Based Differences in Neuropsychological Test Performance and Psychological Symptom Endorsement Among Adults Diagnosed With ADHD?","authors":"Matthew S Phillips, Mira I Leese, Steven A Abalos, Greg Shapiro, Kailyn Bare, Nevin A Orleans, Nicole M Durkin, Jason R Soble","doi":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240151","DOIUrl":"10.1176/appi.prcp.20240151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prevalence rates of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) vary by several demographic factors, including sex, socioeconomic status, geographic region, and race/ethnicity, with higher rates seen among non-Hispanic White children and adults compared to racially/ethnically minoritized individuals. This study investigated if similar race-based differences exist in neurocognitive test performance and psychiatric/ADHD symptom reporting among groups in a demographically diverse sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 491 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD were analyzed to assess for differences in broad neurocognitive domains (i.e., learning and memory, attention/working memory, processing speed, and executive functions), as well as on measures of mood and ADHD-related symptomatology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings largely demonstrated comparable neurocognitive test performance and ADHD and psychiatric symptom endorsement across racial groups with a known diagnosis of ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although prior research has consistently documented racial/ethnic disparities in rates of ADHD diagnosis, current results largely did not demonstrate neuropsychological performance-based differences among demographically diverse patients diagnosed with ADHD.</p><p><strong>Relevance to clinical practice: </strong>ADHD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in the U.S. and constitutes a large number of referrals for diagnostic evaluation. Despite disparities in rates of diagnosis among broad racial/ethnic groups, neuropsychological outcomes remain largely consistent among these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":74592,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatric research and clinical practice","volume":"7 2","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}