Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health最新文献

{"title":"Accumulation of airborne microplastics and its impact on pollution tolerance ability of plants in an urban setup in India","authors":"Chandan Sahu, Pratik Kumar Dash, Sradhanjali Basti","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01639-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01639-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Airborne microplastics (MP) are a recently hyped but unexplored area of research leading to some unanswered questions concerning its impact on vegetation. Work was conducted to evaluate the MP accumulating potential and its impact on the biochemical parameters of plants in an urban area (Sambalpur) in India. Four forms of MPs (viz. fiber, fragment, film, and bead) deposited on the leaf surface were analyzed through fluorescence microscopy using the Nile red dye method. Biochemical parameters (ascorbic acid (AA), leaf extract pH (P), total chlorophyll (TC), and relative water content (RWC)) and air pollution tolerance index (APTI) were also determined through standard protocol. The result found the dominance of beads with other MPs in the order: bead (44.7%) &gt; film (27.7%) &gt; fragment (20.7%) &gt; fiber (6.9%) displaying significant spatial and species variation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Spatially, the MP accumulation on leaf surface followed an order: residence (4.8 count/cm²) &gt; sensitive (4.6 count/cm²) &gt; urban biotope (4.3 count/cm²) &gt; industry (3.3 count/cm²) &gt; traffic (2.2 count/cm²). Species-wise <i>Ficus benghalensis</i>, <i>Polyalthia longifolia</i>, and <i>Mangifera indica</i> performed reasonably well concerning the MP accumulation while exhibiting good APTI scores. The RWC and leaf extract pH were the most influential factors regulating the MP accumulation. The former was chiefly responsible for dictating the tolerance ability of plants which is corroborated by the principal component and cluster analyses. Thus, it can be ascertained that the plant species offer distinct specificity in MP accumulation which is largely influenced by spatial variations, relative water content, and APTI value of plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a range hood with make-up air-supply system for indoor PM2.5 and ultrafine particles in residential buildings","authors":"Kyungmo Kang, Haneul Choi, Donghyun Rim, Taeyeon Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01633-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01633-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cooking in residential settings generates high concentrations of particulate matter (PM), causing health risks to occupants. Kitchen range hoods are commonly installed in the Republic of Korea, but their frequency of use and efficiency are considerably low. This study examined the effect of a make-up air-supply system during cooking or even after cooking in combination with a range hood by measuring the indoor concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and PM_2.5. Conducted in a full-scale test house, the study investigated the actual airflow of range hoods and evaluated how the make-up air-supply system affected particle removal and dispersion. The results showed that the addition of a make-up air supply system significantly increased airflow and reduced the spread of pollutants. When the range hood was operated after cooking, the particle removal efficiency was 96.9% and 74.6% for PM_2.5 and UFPs, respectively. These findings strongly indicate that integrating a make-up air-supply system with range hoods can significantly improve indoor air quality in residential buildings. This method is more compatible with occupant behavior and has the potential to improve health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of O3 and dust concentrations measured at west Cheong-ju city in Korea during the KORUS-AQ 2016","authors":"Y. S. Chung, Hak-Sung Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01623-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01623-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) joint measurements primarily focused on the western region of South Korea during May and June 2016. This study thoroughly analyzes ground-level O₃ and dust concentrations at a rural research site in west Cheong-ju city, located 125 km south of Seoul. Over the 45-day observation period, 33 days exhibited episodes of high O₃ levels exceeding 81 ppb. On 8 days, peak hourly O₃ concentrations ranged between 120 ppb and 137 ppb. High O₃ levels persisted for 5 to 14 h on 28 days, with 13 days experiencing concentrations exceeding 10 h daily. Simultaneously, there were 16 episodes of elevated dust levels, with hourly PM₁₀ exceeding 81 µg m^-3, among which 5 days recorded PM₁₀ values surpassing 100 µg m^-3. During the campaign, 6 days witnessed high hourly PM_2.5 values ranging from 51 to 74 µg m^-3. On 7 May, a moderate dust fall occurred due to a sand storm originating from Mongolia and northern China, with the highest hourly TSP value reaching 345 µg m^-3. The PM₁₀ concentration during this event was 244 µg m^-3, while PM_2.5 levels were relatively lower at 41 µg m^-3. In comparison, on 2 May, elevated concentrations resulting from pine tree pollen release were observed, with TSP, PM₁₀, and PM_2.5 values reaching 357 µg m^-3, 106 µg m^-3, and 23 µg m^-3, respectively. Detailed and meticulous analyses involving air-parcel trajectory and satellite imagery were conducted to ascertain the causes of long-range transport of air pollution (LRTAP). The increase in O₃ due to LRTAP intensifies the atmosphere’s oxidizing capacity, possibly contributing to the formation of secondary aerosols in PM_2.5. The findings indicate that local and regional emissions from China contributed to the air pollution episodes observed during the study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variation, multi-meteorological factors and potential source analysis of air pollutants in Chengdu megacity of Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle","authors":"Xiaoju Li, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Jinzhao Hu, Shafreeza Sobri, Mohamad Syazarudin Md Said, Siti Aslina Hussain, Tan Poh Aun","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01630-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01630-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Affected by unique topography, meteorological factors and high emission sources, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the air pollution characteristics of Chengdu megacity. This research investigated the spatial evolution features of the six criteria pollutants in Chengdu from 2014 to 2020. The relationship between air pollutants and multi-meteorological factors also will be systematically elucidated. Together with the backward trajectory model, the potential source areas of PM_2.5 and O₃ were further simulated. The results revealed that there is spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of air pollution in Chengdu. Besides, the concentrations of PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂ and CO are only positively correlated with pressure. While, O₃ only shows a negative correlation with relative humidity and pressure. Furthermore, regional transport is also one of the important contributing sources of PM_2.5 and O₃. This study can accurately grasp the status of regional air pollution, and provide accurate and feasible solutions for the collaborative reduction of air pollution in the Cheng-Yu area. Furthermore, it provides data references for exploring efficient air pollution control measures in complex terrain, and also accumulates some experience for the megacities of similar situations in the world.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of NO2 and AOD in major Asian cities: challenges, mitigation approaches and way forwards","authors":"Most Mastura Munia Farjana Jion, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam, Mahir Shahrier, Md Yousuf Mia, Jannatun Nahar Jannat, Md Arfan Ali, Md Abdullah Al Masud, Md Firoz Khan, Muhammad Bilal, Abubakr M. Idris, Guilherme Malafaia","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01627-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01627-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric aerosols and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) are a global concern, especially in major Asian cities, because of their multiple impacts on climate, health, ecology, and the environment. Although many studies have been conducted individually, studies on the coupling of NO₂ and Aerosol optical depth (AOD) in major Asian cities are still scarce. This study aims to critically evaluate the challenges of AOD and NO₂ in Asia through a detailed discussion of the sources and mitigation solutions. The impact and intensity of these two pollutants are severe in countries such as India, China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. China is the region with the highest AOD in the world. Increases in NO₂ and AOD have been observed in the megacities of South Asia (e.g., Lahore, Dhaka, Mumbai, and Kolkata). East Asia (China, South Korea, and Japan) is a significant source of aerosols and their precursors, a complex mixture of coarse and small particles. Diesel vehicles are a significant contributor to NO₂ emissions in many Asian cities. High population density, rapid urbanization, increasing energy demand, multiple sources, and the complex chemistry of pollutants pose a significant challenge for AOD and NO₂ pollution. This study highlights pollution scenarios, emerging issues, and sources of AOD and NO₂ in general that have not been thoroughly studied in earlier research on major Asian cities. To summarize, our study identifies these research gaps and proposes solutions to them which are eco-friendly technology, legislation, policy development, and awareness-raising.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycological contamination of cabin filters as a potential source of air pollution inside passenger vehicles","authors":"Ewelina Farian, Angelina Wójcik-Fatla","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01631-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01631-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microbiological pollutants of cabin filters may affect the air quality inside vehicles. The main aim of the study was to evaluate cabin filters in terms of their effectiveness in retaining mycological contaminants. The research material consisted of 100 cabin filters obtained during periodic replacement of filters in passenger cars. Mycological contamination of filters was examined using microbiological, biochemical, immunoenzymatic and molecular methods. The average concentration of fungi in cabin filters was 7.2 × 10⁷ CFU/m², and <i>Cladosporium</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, <i>Penicillium</i>, and <i>Aspergillu</i>s genera were most often isolated. For <i>Aspergillus</i> species, the highest concentration reached 3.3 × 10⁷ CFU/m², with dominance of <i>A. fumigatus</i>. Among the <i>Aspergillus</i> strains tested, the presence of the <i>aflO</i> gene related to aflatoxin biosynthesis and the polyketide synthase gene related to ochratoxin A biosynthesis was detected. The presence of total aflatoxin (B₁, B₂, G₁, G₂) and aflatoxin B₁ was detected at levels of 5.37 µg/kg and 1.71 µg/kg for standard filters and 2.43 µg/kg and 0.65 µg/kg for carbon filters. The level of ochratoxin A contamination was 0.96 µg/kg and 0.55 µg/kg for standard and carbon filters, respectively. <i>Aspergillus</i> species showed high enzymatic activity of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, naphthol phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosamidase. Based on the test results regarding the concentration of mycotoxins and the effectiveness of capturing fungal conidia, it was found that carbon filters are more effective than standard filters. Recommendations for filter manufacturers and car service policies should include the use of cabin filters with a layer of activated carbon, and their regular replacement after a year of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the method of reconstructing the vertical plane distribution of SO2 using IDOAS","authors":"MingYu Zhong, YuMeng Wei, Liang Xi, Zhen Chang, HaiJin Zhou, FuQi Si, Ke Dou","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01628-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01628-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a method that combines Imaging Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (IDOAS) with Computed Tomography (CT) technique to reconstruct the spatial distribution of SO₂ in the vertical plane. A cubic quartz glass container with a side length of 450 mm was used, and SO₂ gas was injected into the container from a steel cylinder. Two IDOASs were used to collect spectral data on the vertical plane. The Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) algorithm was employed to retrieve the slant column densities (SCDs). The gas distribution in the gas container was estimated with the help of linear fitting. It was found that the experimental SCDs were in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. Based on the sparse gradient of the gas distribution in the gas container and the non-negative of the gas concentration, a CT algorithm called ABOCS-TVM with total variational (TV) regularization was introduced. Numerical simulations show that if the gas in the container is uniform, the algorithm works well even under the influence of perturbations, and the artifacts in the reconstructed images are suppressed. The experiment showed that the algorithm is able to accurately locate the SO₂ gas and provide an approximate distribution. In particular, the reconstructed peak molecular number density is approximately 11% higher than the theoretical value. Research has demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing IDOAS-based CT reconstruction technology to reconstruct the spatial distribution of SO₂ in a vertical plane. This technology allows precise localization of the spatial position of SO₂ and quantitative analysis of its distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution exposure and years of life lost due to suicide: synergistic effect with high temperature","authors":"Gyeongchan Kim, Subin Jeong, Sunwoo Kang, Woojae Myung, Hyewon Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01622-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01622-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Suicide is a major cause of death globally, with recent research highlighting environmental factors. However, studies often focus on individual impacts of air pollutants and temperature, neglecting their synergistic effects. This study assessed the impact of air pollutant exposure combined with temperatures on suicide, using years of life lost (YLLs) as a measure of premature mortality. A generalized additive model examined short-term links between air pollutants including particles &lt; 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) and &lt; 10 μm (PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO) exposures and YLLs due to suicide in Seoul, South Korea, between 2002 and 2019, considering lag effects within 7 days. Synergistic effects of air pollutants and temperature were evaluated using a dummy variable, stratifying temperature levels into low and high (&gt; 90th percentile). During the study period, there were 43,642 suicides, with an average daily YLLs of 193 years. Among the pollutants, NO₂ and O₃ showed significant associations with YLLs due to suicide. An interquartile range increase of 17.8 ppb for NO₂ and 22.1 ppb for O₃ was associated with increases in YLLs due to suicide by 4.08 and 5.72 years, respectively. All air pollutants and high temperatures were found to have significant synergistic effects on YLLs due to suicide (PM₁₀ [11.83 years; P_interact = 0.01]; PM_2.5 [10.74 years; P_interact = 0.01]; NO₂ [14.52 years; P_interact = 0.01]; SO₂ [8.72 years; P_interact = 0.04]; O₃ [10.02 years; P_interact = 0.08]; and CO [11.42 years; P_interact = 0.03]). The results support creating suicide prevention policies to reduce premature deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis for suspension time of airborne particles due to Diwali fireworks in an urban atmosphere Lucknow","authors":"SS Kalikinkar Mahanta, Hari Om Prasad, Sreekanth Bojjagani","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01629-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01629-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study analyzed the additional load and suspension time of particle pollutants emerging from Diwali firecracker combustion between two different urban landscape sites in Lucknow, India. PM_# (1, 2.5, and 10) and PSD (range: 0.2 μm to 20 μm), and chemical speciation of 15-elements and 6-ions of PM_2.5 were assessed for Diwali and non-Diwali-days. In the commercial site, pre-Diwali-days to Diwali-day and pre-Diwali-days to post-Diwali-days added an extra load of PM_# in the atmosphere by 3 to 5 times and 1.5 to 2 times respectively. Whereas, in the residential site, 2 to 3 times and 1 to 1.5 times increased PM_# was observed. Variations in PM_# suspension time due to Diwali fireworks were found as ~10 days at residential site and ~6 days at commercial site due to dissimilarities in the local source mix. Further, unimodal and bimodal PSD distributions and nearness observed between PSDs in two of the study sites revealed the influence of relative sources during Diwali and non-Diwali-days. Chemical markers of Diwali fireworks were identified as abundant in PM_2.5 during Diwali and post-Diwali-days, but less in pre-Diwali-days. A strong correlation between markers of Diwali fireworks and their occurrence with PCA groups further confirmed the suspension period of PM_# even during post-Diwali-days.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of future cold and heat on mortality by two exposure measurements under different scenarios: Impact of global warming in the west of Iran","authors":"Reza Rezaee, Afshin Maleki, Omid Aboubakri, Mahdi Safari, Seyed Abolfazl Masoodian, Mohammad Darand, Kazem Godini, Gholamreza Goudarzi, Ardeshir Khosravi, Mozhdeh Zarei","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01625-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-024-01625-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Satellite-based data has been currently considered as an important exposure in projection studies of climate change impact on mortality. We projected all-cause mortality attributable to heat and cold by 2099 under adaptation, population change and climate scenarios using the data, in addition to ground-based exposure. Air temperature was estimated using Land Surface Temperature (LST) in a city-specific regression model. The predicted temperature was corrected for the bias using Bland–Altman approach and observed data in each city. The bias-corrected and observed predictors were then used in a two-stage time series regression to estimate baseline city-specific and pooled associations across five cities. Combination of the dose–response association and projected temperature by RCPs and GCMs along mortality data were used in the projection analysis. The temperature was estimated to increase by 6 °C in all of the regions under the worst scenario. Based on station data and under all scenarios, the Attributable Fraction (AF) and number of deaths due to cold were higher than heat in all decades in future. Also, the uncertainty in the heat effect was low if there is no adaptation to heat especially during 2020–2050 (e.g., AF for the worst scenario of RCPs and population variant was 0.07 (Empirical CI: 0.01, 0.12)). However, both exposures showed an increasing impact (Attributable Fraction (AF) and number of deaths) of heat and decreasing impact of cold in future. Compared to station-based data, the uncertainty in heat impact using the predicted data was lower under all scenarios in all decades. Along the observed data measured by weather stations the satellite-based exposure should be addressed in the studies of the projection of climate change impact on mortality. Our findings specifically highlight the urgent need for adaptive strategies to mitigate the impacts of extreme heat events, particularly in the cities like Ilam where adaptation scenario had an important role on the projection analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7458,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142205981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}