Preventive medicine and community health最新文献

{"title":"Eplerian philosophy model for managing stress at home and in the Community","authors":"G. Epler","doi":"10.15761/PMCH.1000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/PMCH.1000139","url":null,"abstract":"Received: February 07, 2020; Accepted: February 21, 2020; Published: February 25, 2020 A woman standing in the supermarket line felt her eyes fill with tears from the pain caused by stress of taking care of her dying husband with incurable dementia. She was upset with herself because she couldn’t fix the problem. She felt guilty because she didn’t spend enough time with him. She was stressed because she couldn’t enjoy a cup of coffee before returning home. This is level-10 stress. Too many people in communities throughout the country have unhealthy severe stress every day. There is another option. People can learn to have zero stress throughout their lives.","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The postural orthostatic stress syndrome in childhood: HRV analysis and the active standing test","authors":"Buchhorn Julia, Buchhorn Reiner","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Abnormalities in heart rate variability analysis (HRV) have been found in patients with postural orthostatic stress syndrome (POTS), indicating impaired autonomic function. We screened HRV in children in a 5-minute active standing test. Methods: 48 of nearly 500 (9.6%) screened children had a heart rate increase of more than 35 bpm on average in the first 5 minutes active standing test. These data are compared to well-defined indication groups: Healthy controls (N=47), Anorexia Nervosa (N=43), Obesity (N=52) and operated Congenital Heart Disease (N=38). 150 patients have additional 24-hours Holter ECG. Results: We found nearly no differences of supine and 24-hours heart rate and HRV between POTS patients and the healthy controls. However, there is a collapse of the vagus in the standing position indicated by a highly significant decrease of the HRV parameters RMSSD, pNN50, pNN20, High Frequency Power and the increase of the LF to HF ratio. Linear regression analysis show the significant impact of the patients height on the heart rate increase (T=5.9, p<0.0001) and an inverse impact of the body mass index (T= (-)2.33, p=0.021). Conclusion: We uncover the probably most important point of POTS physiology – the collapse of the vagus in the standing position. We identify the high-risk POTS patients – the tall lean teenagers and children with G-protein coupled receptor autoantibodies.","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of goiter and its determinants among children in Southern Ethiopia: An implication for designing family-centered prevention strategy","authors":"Million M Asfaw, Beminet M Gebremariam","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yearbooks: A reflection of our times","authors":"D. Engelman","doi":"10.15761/PMCH.1000145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/PMCH.1000145","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of bed bug infestations (Cimex lectularius) in lubaga division, Kampala capital city, Uganda","authors":"George W Senabulya, J. B. Alege, C. Atuhairwe, I. Taremwa","doi":"10.15761/PMCH.1000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/PMCH.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been an increasing public health concern as a result of bed bug infestation, with devastating effects on health and quality of life in Uganda. This study provided the first community-based report on the situation of bed bugs in Lubaga division, Kampala Capital City, Uganda. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design, in which data was collected using questionnaire, key informant interview guide and a data abstraction tools. Results: Out of the 356 respondents interviewed, 249(69.9%) had bed bugs in their homes. The study further revealed a significant statistical relationship between the variables of gender, sex, level of education, employment status. The health systems factors that include availability of professional personnel to control bed bugs, use of effective and recommended chemicals, availability of funds, and resistance of bed bugs to insecticides were all found to have an influence on the risk of bed bugs. Conclusion: The study has established the need to strengthen vector control programs in a city suburb. *Correspondence to: Ivan Mugisha Taremwa, Clarke International University, P.O Box 7782, Kampala, Uganda, Tel: +256774346368; Email: imugisha@ymail.com","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44421664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community health perceptions and human environmental exposure to chromium contamination in a small New Jersey City.","authors":"Lyons Sp Doherty,&nbsp;S Bari,&nbsp;F Gany,&nbsp;J Leng,&nbsp;T Duch,&nbsp;D Reveille,&nbsp;J S Morris,&nbsp;M Hernandez,&nbsp;A Nadas,&nbsp;M Costa,&nbsp;J T Zelikoff","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following a 1983 chromic acid (hexavalent chromium [CrVI]) spill from a Garfield, NJ electroplating plant, CrVI-contaminated water was found in a local firehouse basement in 1993. An ATSDR public health advisory was issued for the plant site in 2010, and from 2008-2015, fourteen residential properties have required remediation to address CrVI-contaminated dust in the basements. As part of the Community Outreach and Engagement Core of the NYU NIEHS Center, seventytwo Garfield residents aged 18-65 years, participated in a community survey with the goal of identifying concerns related to environmental and community health. Thirty-two percent responded that they 'didn't know' if they were exposed to chemicals or pollutants where they live. This finding suggests a limited awareness of environmental chemical exposures, chromium contamination and/or potential exposure to CrVI. Furthermore, toenail clippings were collected from forty-seven Garfield residents and analyzed for total chromium levels to assess potential long-term exposure. On average, residents living on/inside the contaminated plume area had higher total chromium levels in their toenail clippings than residents living outside the plume area. However, chromium levels for all participants were within the range of historical normal. This study highlights the value of partnerships between environmentally-impacted community's and academic scientists working together to identify potential contaminant exposures and address public health concerns through research and environmental health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8188903/pdf/nihms-1588168.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39082839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional survey of knowledge of malaria prevention among mobile and migrant populations in Cambodia","authors":"Soy Ty Kheang, A. Preston, Emma Louise Collins, Y. An, Hok Phalla, P. Ir, Dysoley Lek, R. Huy, Sovannaroath Siv, Hala J AlMossawi, N. Kak","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria elimination campaigns are making huge strides in Cambodia with a target of elimination by 2025. However, pockets of transmission remain. Predominately in border forested areas in Western Cambodia populations are often part of Mobile and Migrant Populations (MMPs). Methods: The Cambodian Mobile and Migrant Population Survey aimed to gain further insight into MMPs. The cross-sectional survey was carried out across ten malaria endemic health districts in 2017. Separation of MMPs into four main occupational subgroups; construction workers, seasonal workers, forest goers and security personnel, was used for analysis. Results: All MMPs questioned knew what malaria was and most MMPs knew mosquito bites caused malaria. However, there were other misconceptions about how it could be transmitted. Only 6% could correctly name three preventative measures. Overall net ownership was found to be 95% although high it remains lower than the national level. Furthermore, insecticide treated net (ITN) ownership 58%. MMPs reported to sleep under a mosquito net last night was 87% but only 37% of them did use effective ITN. Variation in subgroups was found regarding demographics of MMPs, and mobility. Conclusion: MMPs are not a homogenous group and malaria interventions should focus on specific subgroups. This information should inform and improve effectiveness of future interventions to allow Cambodia to move closer to the 2025 elimination goal. *Correspondence to: Soy Ty Kheang, University Research Co., LLC, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Tel: +855 17 988 388; E-mail: ksoyty@urc-chs.com","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case study on prepubescent vaginal bleeding","authors":"Charles Haddad, Sofia Muenyi, J. Haddad-Lacle","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health seeking behaviour and access to care for mobile and migrant populations in Cambodia","authors":"S. Kheang, E. Collins, A. Preston, Y. An, P. Ir, Hok Phalla, Dysoley Lek, R. Huy, Sovannaroath Siv, H. Almossawi, N. Kak","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000126","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria elimination campaigns are making huge strides in Cambodia with a target of malaria elimination by 2025. However, pockets of transmission remain. Predominately in border forested areas in Western Cambodia, the populations residing here are often part of mobile and migrant populations (MMPs). Moreover, the rise of drug resistance makes the goal of malaria elimination ever more urgent. Materials and methods: The Cambodia Mobile and Migrant Population Survey was a cross-sectional survey aimed to gain further insight into MMPs to inform malaria control and elimination interventions. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify study participants, given the difficulty of identifying and accessing MMPs. The survey was conducted across ten malaria endemic health districts in 2017. Separation of MMPs into four main occupational subgroups; construction workers, seasonal workers, forest goers and security personnel, was used for analysis. Results: The results from this study confirm MMPs are a key group at higher risk of malaria due to their associated risky behaviours. MMPs have a significantly different risk of suffering from fever between subgroups with forest goers and seasonal workers far more likely to report suffering from fever within the last three months. However, the willingness to seek healthcare because of fever was remarkably good, and similar among subgroups. A concerning finding was the low numbers of suspected malaria cases being diagnosed with parasitological blood testing and just under half of MMPs were not aware that malaria should be confirmed by parasitological blood test. Conclusion: MMPs are at an elevated risk of malaria compared to the general population, and this risk varies within MMPs depending on the subgroup. Although health seeking behaviour was reportedly good for all MMP subgroups to public health facilities and volunteers, barriers in access to care were significantly different. This highlights that MMPs can no longer be treated as a homogenous group when targeted by malaria interventions. *Correspondence to: Soy Ty Kheang, University Research Co., LLC, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Tel: +855 17 988 388; E-mail: ksoyty@urc-chs.com Received: June 10, 2019; Accepted: June 24, 2019; Published: June 27, 2019 Background The past decade has seen impressive improvements in malaria control, presenting the possibility for renewed attempts for elimination [1]. Cambodia made huge strides in reducing malaria, and over the last decade, cases caused by Plasmodium falciparum have reduced by 81% [2]. As a result, Cambodia aims to completely eliminate malaria by 2025 [3]. However, the emergence and spread of P. falciparum artemisinin drug resistance poses major challenges to achieving these goals as treatment failure becomes increasingly common [4,5]. Resistance was first reported on the Thai-Cambodia border in 2008 and has since spread to several more countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) causing increasing ","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential protective role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract against the mixture of carboplatin and thalidomide -induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in male rats","authors":"Mokhtar I Yousef, Moustafa AFH Mahdy, Heba M. Abdou","doi":"10.15761/pmch.1000136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/pmch.1000136","url":null,"abstract":"Thalidomide is used experimentally to treat various cancers, also carboplatin is a chemotherapy drug used against some forms of cancer. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract (GSPE) has an enormously beneficial role in overcoming the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents due to its excellent antioxidant properties. Animals were divided into four groups as follows: The first group was used as control, the second group were treated orally for 28 consecutive days with GSPE (200 mg/ kg BW), the third group were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) with thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14 consecutive days then followed by carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for another 14 days and the animals of the fourth group were treated with the combination of GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and thalidomide (60 mg/kg BW) for 14-day and then followed by GSPE (200 mg/kg BW) and carboplatin (196 mg/kg BW) for other 14-day. Inflammatory cytokines, P53, oxidative stress markers, biochemical parameters, and histological analysis measured. Carboplatin and thalidomide caused oxidative stress via the elevation in free radicals and nitric oxide and the reduction in the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione in liver and heart. Tumor suppressor gene P53, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were significantly increased in liver and heart. Thalidomide and carboplatin caused biochemical and histological changes in the liver and heart. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract reduced carboplatin and thalidomide -induced liver and heart injury throughout its potent antioxidant activity. In conclusion, carboplatin and thalidomide caused hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract showed hepatic and cardiac protective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. *Correspondence to: Heba Mohamed Abdou, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt, Tel:+203-3921595; E-mail: dr.heba_ abdou3000@yahoo.com","PeriodicalId":74491,"journal":{"name":"Preventive medicine and community health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67506168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}