Onco Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/onco1020009

Shengzhi Liu, Xun Sun, Ke-xin Li, Chien-Chi Lin, S. Na, Bai-Yan Li, H. Yokota

{"title":"Tumor Cell Secretomes in Response to Anti- and Pro-Tumorigenic Agents","authors":"Shengzhi Liu, Xun Sun, Ke-xin Li, Chien-Chi Lin, S. Na, Bai-Yan Li, H. Yokota","doi":"10.3390/onco1020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/onco1020009","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor cells regulate their progression not only by the factors within their cell bodies but also by the secretome they produce and secrete. While their secretome significantly alters the fate of tumor cells themselves, they also regulate the growth of surrounding cells including both companion cancer and non-cancer cells. Tumor cell secretome consists of varying molecules that have been reported mostly tumor-promotive. Furthermore, their pro-tumor capability is enhanced by the application of chemotherapeutic agents. However, multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that the tumor cell secretome can be tumor-suppressive in response to paracrine and endocrine signaling. This review introduces both tumor-promotive and tumor-suppressive secretomes, focusing on multi-tasking proteins in the intracellular and extracellular domains. We describe tumorigenic signaling that governs the nature of the tumor cell secretome and discuss the possibility of inducing tumor-suppressive proteomes as a novel option for cancer treatment. We evaluated the counterintuitive procedure to generate tumor-suppressive proteomes from a unique type of tumor-modifying cells, which are named “induced tumor-suppressing cells” (iTSCs).","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41350809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Tumor-Agnostic Biomarkers: Heed Caution, and Why Cell of Origin Still Matters 肿瘤不可知论的生物标志物:要小心，为什么细胞起源仍然很重要

Onco Pub Date : 2021-10-27 DOI: 10.3390/onco1020008

A. Tan

引用次数: 0

Pre-Clinical Research Advancements Relating to Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Review 改进恶性胸膜间皮瘤诊断和治疗的临床前研究进展：综述

Onco Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI: 10.3390/onco1020006

Ben Johnson, Kenneth Lee, Y. Cheng

{"title":"Pre-Clinical Research Advancements Relating to Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Review","authors":"Ben Johnson, Kenneth Lee, Y. Cheng","doi":"10.3390/onco1020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/onco1020006","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, aggressive cancer of the lung lining that is predominantly associated with occupational exposure to asbestos. MPM is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide every year, with the median survival of MPM of 8–14 months. There are limited biomarkers available in the clinic to effectively diagnose MPM, an invasive biopsy procedure is usually required to provide a definitive diagnosis. Due to the long latency period associated with MPM disease presentation, the cancer is usually at an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis where treatment options are largely ineffective at controlling disease progression. Previous MPM-based pre-clinical studies have made significant strides in determining the exact molecular mechanisms associated with asbestos carcinogenesis. Exploring less invasive blood-based biomarkers and treatment strategies involving targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and virotherapy is particularly important. Research in these areas is of crucial importance in relation to improving the rate of novel diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies progressing through to clinical trials and ultimately into the clinical setting. This review comprehensively summarises both previous and current pre-clinical research developments that have specifically contributed to an improved understanding of MPM disease biology, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41991743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of a Nano-Docetaxel Combined Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer 纳米多西他塞尔联合治疗头颈部癌症的评价

Onco Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.20944/preprints202107.0578.v1

G. Lee, M. Mubasher, T. McKenzie, N. Schmitt, M. Sebelik, C. Flanagan, B. Osta, Maya B. Cothran, H. Green

{"title":"Assessment of a Nano-Docetaxel Combined Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer","authors":"G. Lee, M. Mubasher, T. McKenzie, N. Schmitt, M. Sebelik, C. Flanagan, B. Osta, Maya B. Cothran, H. Green","doi":"10.20944/preprints202107.0578.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0578.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The combination of docetaxel (DTX) with Laser-Activated NanoTherapy (LANT), as a treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of lower doses of DTX, thereby minimizing the effective dosage, side effects and treatment times. Material and methods: Three HNSCC cell lines, Detroit 562, FaDu, and CAL 27, were treated with four combinations of DTX + LANT to evaluate DTX dose reduction and cell viability. Results: The 1 nM DTX + 5 nM LANT combination was the most effective treatment, increasing cell death over its corresponding DTX monotreatment with approximately 86.6%, 80.7%, and 92.1% cell death for Detroit 562, FaDu, and CAL 27, respectively. In Detroit 562, the 1 nM DTX + 5 nM LANT combination treatment resulted in the highest percentage of DTX dose reduction at 84.6%; in FaDu and CAL 27, the 0.5 nM DTX + 5 nM LANT combination treatment resulted in the highest percentage of DTX dose reduction at 78.2% and 82.4%, respectively. Conclusion: LANT may increase the therapeutic efficacy of DTX at significantly lower doses, which could improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49366620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clinical Application of Next-Generation Sequencing in Recurrent Glioblastoma 下一代测序在复发性胶质母细胞瘤中的临床应用

Onco Pub Date : 2021-07-13 DOI: 10.3390/onco1010005

Daniel Zeitouni, Michael P. Catalino, J. Wise, S. McCabe, Kathryn M. Pietrosimone, N. Rashid, S. Khagi

{"title":"Clinical Application of Next-Generation Sequencing in Recurrent Glioblastoma","authors":"Daniel Zeitouni, Michael P. Catalino, J. Wise, S. McCabe, Kathryn M. Pietrosimone, N. Rashid, S. Khagi","doi":"10.3390/onco1010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/onco1010005","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is driven by various genomic alterations. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) could yield targetable alterations that might impact outcomes. The goal of this study was to describe how NGS can inform targeted therapy (TT) in this patient population. METHODS: The medical records of patients with a diagnosis of GBM from 2017 to 2019 were reviewed. Records of patients with recurrent GBM and genomic alterations were evaluated. Objective response rates and disease control rates were determined. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients with GBM underwent NGS. Forty percent (n = 35) were considered to have actionable alterations. Of these 35, 40% (n = 14) had their treatment changed due to the alteration. The objective response rate (ORR) of this population was 43%. The disease control rate (DCR) was 100%. The absolute mean decrease in contrast-enhancing disease was 50.7% (95% CI 34.8–66.6). CONCLUSION: NGS for GBM, particularly in the recurrent setting, yields a high rate of actionable alterations. We observed a high ORR and DCR, reflecting the value of NGS when deciding on therapies to match genomic alterations. In conclusion, patient selection and the availability of NGS might impact outcomes in select patients with recurrent GBM.","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45768580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Evaluation of miRNA Expression in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: a Comparison Between Normoxia and Hypoxia Microenvironment 胶质母细胞瘤干细胞样细胞miRNA表达的评价:常氧微环境与缺氧微环境的比较

Onco Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-681014/V1

L. Macharia, Wanjiru Muriithi, D. Nyaga, J. M. Coelho-Aguiar, T. C. Spohr, V. M. Neto

{"title":"Evaluation of miRNA Expression in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells: a Comparison Between Normoxia and Hypoxia Microenvironment","authors":"L. Macharia, Wanjiru Muriithi, D. Nyaga, J. M. Coelho-Aguiar, T. C. Spohr, V. M. Neto","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-681014/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-681014/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Purpose: Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and incurable brain tumors whose progression is driven in part by a small sub population of cells termed as glioblastoma stem cells responsible for the tumor’s low therapy efficacy. Hypoxia, a common phenomenon in glioblastoma also promotes the maintenance and the expansion of the stem cell population whose survival is aided by miRNAs. Methods: GBM stem-like cells cultures were isolated and the relationship between the microenvironments and the in vitro “stemness” of the cells was investigated by evaluating the expression of miRNAs and selected genes. Results: We found miR-128a-3p, 34-5p and 181a-3p to be down-regulated while miR-17-5p and miR-221-3p to be up-regulated in the stem-like cells. When a comparison was made between the stem-like cells cultured under normoxia and hypoxia, a fold down-regulation difference of 3.5 to 5, 2 to 5 and 2 to 4 for miR-34-5p, 128a-3p and 181a-3p was observed respectively and a fold upreulation of 3.5 to 4 and 2.5 to 4 was observed for miR-221-3p and 17-5p respectively. There was an increased expression of HIF-1/2, SOX2, OCT4, VEGF, GLUT-1, BCL2 and survivin under hypoxia. Conclusion: Hypoxia enhanced the expression of several tumor stem cell signature genes, involved in the regulation of stemness, metabolism, angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic property. Most importantly, the miRNA dysregulation in the stem-like cell population adds another layer of gene expression associated with gliomagenesis and maintenance of CSC pointing to new signaling mechanisms whose disruption can be used to successfully target this crucial subpopulation.","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Impact of Immune Checkpoint-Inhibitors Therapy in Urinary Bladder Cancer 免疫检查点抑制剂治疗对癌症的影响

Onco Pub Date : 2021-03-04 DOI: 10.3390/ONCO1010002

Anabel Silva, P. Abreu-Mendes, D. Martins, F. Mendes

{"title":"The Impact of Immune Checkpoint-Inhibitors Therapy in Urinary Bladder Cancer","authors":"Anabel Silva, P. Abreu-Mendes, D. Martins, F. Mendes","doi":"10.3390/ONCO1010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ONCO1010002","url":null,"abstract":"Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. From an early age, it was observed that chronic inflammation is associated with conditions favorable to the development of tumors, as well as the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, regulating tumor progression also interferes with the therapy’s response. The interaction between the tumor and the immune system led to the development of new immune therapies, the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy has shown a better safety profile, survival, and tolerance compared to standard chemotherapy. This therapy offers an effective alternative to patients who are ineligible for cisplatin and patients with advanced disease progression after platinum-based therapy. The first immunotherapy approved for BC was intravesical instillation with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin, for tumors at early stages. Later, immunotherapy focused on immune checkpoint inhibitors, namely, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), anti-programmed cell death protein ligand 1(PD-L1), and anti-antigen 4 associated with cytotoxic T cells (CTLA-4). Currently, five immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced BC are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Avelumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab. This review addresses the correlation between inflammation, tumor microenvironment, and cancer; various studies regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors, either in monotherapy or in combination therapy, are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":74339,"journal":{"name":"Onco","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/ONCO1010002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44684339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Synthetic Inhibitors of CDK4/6 Activities and Tumor Suppression: A Preface to the Special Issue CDK4/6活性合成抑制剂与肿瘤抑制:特刊前言

Onco Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.3390/ONCO1010001

C. Takahashi, J. Kato

引用次数: 0

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