Observational studies最新文献_第9页

Book Review of Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods of Mediation and Interaction (author: T.J. Vanderweele) 《因果推理中的解释:调解与互动的方法》书评(作者:T.J. Vanderweele)

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2016.0007

L. Keele

{"title":"Book Review of Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods of Mediation and Interaction (author: T.J. Vanderweele)","authors":"L. Keele","doi":"10.1353/obs.2016.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/obs.2016.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods of Mediation and Interaction is an introductory text on two widely used methods in statistical analysis: mediation and interaction. The book is both meant to serve as an introduction to these two topics, but also provides considerable mathematical detail in a lengthy appendix. Importantly, the treatment of these two topics is entirely grounded in a counterfactual framework. The counterfactual framework, often referred to as the potential outcomes framework, has been hailed as a revolution in how we think about causality and statistical analysis. I would agree with that sentiment, but the impact of the counterfactual framework is varied. On some topics, the insights have been less revolutionary, but in other areas this framework has I think completely revised how we think. The topics of mediation and interaction analysis are two that I would say have been seriously changed by the counterfactual framework. I think there is already a fairly widespread understanding of how mediation analysis has changed, and this book will only help further spread that awareness. On the topic of interaction analysis, I think there is less appreciation for how the counterfactual framework has changed thinking. This book serves as the remedy.","PeriodicalId":74335,"journal":{"name":"Observational studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/obs.2016.0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43857358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the book “Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences” by G.W. Imbens and D.B. Rubin 对G.W. Imbens和D.B. Rubin所著的《统计、社会和生物医学科学的因果推理》一书的评论

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2015.0006

F. Mealli

引用次数: 0

Evidence of False Positives in Research Clearinghouses and Influential Journals: An Application of P-Curve to Policy Research 研究交流中心和有影响力期刊的误报证据:p曲线在政策研究中的应用

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2015.0001

S. Tanner

引用次数: 2

Pre-analysis Plan for a Comparison of Matching and Black Box-based Covariate Adjustment 配对与黑箱协变量调整比较的预分析方案

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2018.0017

L. Keele, Dylan S. Small

引用次数: 2

Mitigating Reporting Bias in Observational Studies Using Covariate Balancing Methods 使用协变量平衡方法减轻观察性研究的报告偏倚

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2018.0009

G. Cafri, E. Paxton

引用次数: 3

Regression Discontinuity Designs as Local Randomized Experiments 局部随机实验中的回归不连续设计

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2017.0004

Alessandra Mattei, F. Mealli

{"title":"Regression Discontinuity Designs as Local Randomized Experiments","authors":"Alessandra Mattei, F. Mealli","doi":"10.1353/obs.2017.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/obs.2017.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the seminal paper from 1960, Thistlethwaite and Campbell (1960) introduce the key ideas underlying regression discontinuity (RD) designs, which, even if initially almost completely ignored, have then acted as a fuse of a blowing number of studies applying and extending RD designs starting from the late nineties. Building on the original idea by Thistlethwaite and Campbell (1960), RD designs have been often described as designs that lead to locally randomized experiments for units with a realized value of a so-called forcing variable falling around a pre-fixed threshold. We embrace this perspective, and in this discussion we offer our view on how the original proposal by Thistlethwaite and Campbell (1960) should be formalized. We introduce an explicit local overlap assumption for a subpopulation around the threshold, for which we re-formulate the Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), and provide a formal definition of the hypothetical experiment underlying RD designs, by invoking a local randomization assumption. A distinguishing feature of this approach is that it embeds RD designs in a framework that is fully consistent with the potential outcome approach to causal inference. We discuss how to select suitable subpopulation(s) around the threshold with adjustment for multiple comparisons, and how to draw inference for the causal estimands of interest in this framework. We illustrate our approach in a study concerning the effects of University grants on students’ dropout.","PeriodicalId":74335,"journal":{"name":"Observational studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"156 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/obs.2017.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66461026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Assessing the dose-response relationship between maternal use of inhaled corticosteroids therapy and birth weight: a generalized propensity score approach 评估母亲使用吸入皮质类固醇治疗与出生体重之间的剂量反应关系:一种广义倾向评分方法

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2016.0000

Mariia Samoilenko, L. Blais, B. Cossette, A. Forget, Geneviève Lefebvre

{"title":"Assessing the dose-response relationship between maternal use of inhaled corticosteroids therapy and birth weight: a generalized propensity score approach","authors":"Mariia Samoilenko, L. Blais, B. Cossette, A. Forget, Geneviève Lefebvre","doi":"10.1353/obs.2016.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/obs.2016.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:PurposeInhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the first-line controller therapy for asthma. The objective was to assess the impact of different ICS doses during pregnancy on birth weight (BW) using generalized propensity scores (GPS).MethodsA cohort of 7374 pregnancies from 6197 asthmatic women giving birth in Quebec (Canada) in 1998-2008 was constructed. The average treatment effects (ATE) of ICS daily doses (0, >0-125, >125-250, >250 μg/day) during pregnancy on BW were estimated using multilevel GPS and a conventional multivariable approach. Additional analyses were done to evaluate the robustness of the results.ResultsUsing GPS, we found no significant associations between ICS doses and BW (ATE for >0-125 vs 0 μg/day: 27.62 g, 95% confidence interval (CI): -8.68, 64.10; ATE for >125-250 vs 0 μg/day: 17.07 g, 95% CI: -55.85, 92.16; ATE for >250 vs 0 μg/day: -37.83 g, 95% CI: -117.74, 41.53). Similar results were obtained using the multivariable approach.ConclusionsWhile, in our primary analyses, no significant differences were found between the BW of babies exposed to the higher ICS doses, as opposed to no use of ICS, our sensitivity analyses, which adjusted for gestational age in the models, suggest the possibility of a small detrimental effect of the higher ICS doses on BW.","PeriodicalId":74335,"journal":{"name":"Observational studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"181 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/obs.2016.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45170747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Learning from and Responding to Statistical Criticism 统计批评的借鉴与回应

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2018.0003

A. Gelman

{"title":"Learning from and Responding to Statistical Criticism","authors":"A. Gelman","doi":"10.1353/obs.2018.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/obs.2018.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Irwin Bross’s article, “Statistical Criticism,” gives advice that is surprisingly current, given that it appeared in the journal Cancer nearly sixty years ago. Indeed, the only obviously dated aspects of this paper are the use of the generic male pronoun and the sense that it was still an open question whether cigarette smoking caused lung cancer. In his article, Bross acts a critic of criticism, expressing support for the general form but recommending that critics go beyond hit-and-run, dogmatism, speculation, and tunnel vision. This all seems reasonable to me, but I think criticisms can also be taken at face value. If I publish a paper and someone replies with a flawed criticism, I still should be able to respond to its specifics. Indeed, there have been times when my own work has been much improved by criticism that was itself blinkered but which still revealed important and fixable flaws in my published work. I would go further and argue that nearly all criticism has value. Again, I’ll place myself in the position of the researcher whose work is being slammed. Consider the following sorts of statistical criticism, aligned in roughly decreasing order of quality:","PeriodicalId":74335,"journal":{"name":"Observational studies","volume":"4 1","pages":"32 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/obs.2018.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42157120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond Statistical Criticism 超越统计批评

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2018.0008

P. Rosenbaum, Dylan S. Small

引用次数: 0

The causal impact of bail on case outcomes for indigent defendants in New York City 保释对纽约市贫困被告案件结果的因果影响

Observational studies Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1353/obs.2017.0007

K. Lum, Erwin Ma, M. Baiocchi

引用次数: 1