Medicine anthropology theory最新文献_第10页

Out of Compassion or Out of Rights? A Story about an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Human Clinical Trial 出于同情还是出于权利?一个关于肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)人类临床试验的故事

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5102

H. Eyal

{"title":"Out of Compassion or Out of Rights? A Story about an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Human Clinical Trial","authors":"H. Eyal","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5102","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the intersection of compassion and rights, and how the two concepts are constituted and wielded in the context of human clinical trials. Doron, an ALS patient who was recruited to a clinical trial, believed that he had the right to post-trial treatment according to the wording of an informed consent form he signed before joining the trial. However, the biotech company sponsoring the trial instead offered him ‘compassionate use’ access, i.e., access at its discretion rather than as a legal obligation on its part. I argue that under a ‘bioeconomy of value’, the human clinical trial regime has been subordinated to two competing discourses: that of compassion and that of patients’ rights. Both are interpreted and deployed differently by the different stakeholders, namely the patient, the biotech company, and the medical establishment. I argue that the adoption, by bioeconomy actors, of a social value discourse of compassion is designed to preserve a hierarchy that deprives the patient of their power and their rights. Simultaneously, this practice highlights the power of the biotech industry as a moral partner and ‘saviour’ in its relationship with patient organisations and its role as a medical–scientific actor in the Israeli healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45002926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When Refugees Care for Refugees in Lebanon: Providing Contextually Appropriate Care from the Ground Up 当难民照顾黎巴嫩的难民:从头开始提供符合环境的照顾

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5159

Diane Duclos, F. M. Fouad, K. Blanchet

{"title":"When Refugees Care for Refugees in Lebanon: Providing Contextually Appropriate Care from the Ground Up","authors":"Diane Duclos, F. M. Fouad, K. Blanchet","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5159","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a surge in initiatives to integrate foreign-trained physicians into local health systems and a drive to learn from localised humanitarian initiatives under the COVID-19 pandemic, we still know little about the on-the-ground strategies developed by refugee doctors to meet the needs of refugee patients. In Lebanon, displaced Syrian health professionals have mounted informal, local responses to care for displaced Syrian patients. Drawing on ethnographic work shadowing these healthcare providers across their medical and non-medical activities, we explore how clinical encounters characterised by shared histories of displacement can inform humanitarian medicine. Our findings shed light on the creation of breathing spaces in crises. In particular, our study reveals how displaced healthcare workers cope with uncertainty, documents how displaced healthcare workers expand the category of ‘appropriate care’ to take into account the economic and safety challenges faced by patients, and locates the category of ‘informality’ within a complex landscape of myriad actors in Lebanon. This research article shows that refugee-to-refugee healthcare is not restricted to improvised clinical encounters between ‘frontliners’ and ‘victims of war’. Rather, it is proactively enacted from the ground up to foster appropriate care relationships in the midst of violent, repeated, and protracted disruptions to systems of care.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41969026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Grammar of Leprosy: Temporal Politics and the Impossible Subject 麻风病的语法:时间政治和不可能的主体

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5525

Laura A. Meek

{"title":"The Grammar of Leprosy: Temporal Politics and the Impossible Subject","authors":"Laura A. Meek","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5525","url":null,"abstract":"This research article critically interrogates the implications and unintended consequences of the World Health Organization’s purported elimination of leprosy as a public health problem. I explore how leprosy has been portrayed (for nearly a century) as something from the past, recalcitrantly lingering on into the present, but surely about to be gone—a temporal framing I call the ‘grammar of leprosy’. I recount the experiences of Daniel, my interlocutor in Tanzania, whose existence became a problem for his doctors. This problem they ultimately resolved by fabricating negative test results in order to record what they already knew: leprosy had been eliminated. I also analyse how researchers working for Novartis (the supplier of leprosy’s cure) continue to push for an always imminent ‘elimination’, while field researchers repeatedly caution about the potential problems of this approach. Finally, I reveal how the grammar of leprosy operates through a complex set of temporal politics, pulling into its orbit and being enabled by multiple interwoven temporalities. I conclude that—due to this grammar, the impossible subjects it produces, and the temporal politics through which it operates—leprosy elimination campaigns may have dire consequences for the lives of people with leprosy today, impeding rather than enabling treatment.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

'Stay Home, Stay Safe': Proximity as Vitality and Vulnerability Under Lockdown “待在家里，保持安全”:封闭状态下的活力和脆弱性

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5143

Leo Hopkinson, Lydia House

引用次数: 2

Breathing and Dying in 2020 2020呼吸与死亡

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5280

A. Chary

引用次数: 1

(In)Visible Disease: Motions and Emotions Engendered by Papers and Diagnostics of People Accessing Healthcare in Burkina Faso (中)可见的疾病:在布基纳法索获得医疗保健的人的文件和诊断所产生的运动和情绪

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.3.5103

Pia Juul Bjertrup

{"title":"(In)Visible Disease: Motions and Emotions Engendered by Papers and Diagnostics of People Accessing Healthcare in Burkina Faso","authors":"Pia Juul Bjertrup","doi":"10.17157/mat.8.3.5103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.3.5103","url":null,"abstract":"Within the last decade, challenges of diagnosis have emerged on the global health agenda, accompanied by an expansion in the use of point-of-care and rapid detection devices in low-resource contexts where laboratory facilities are scarce. Few studies have explored how these changes are shaping people’s diagnostic journeys and their modes of accessing such technologies. In this paper I show how sick people and their families in a peri-urban area in Burkina Faso attempt to access diagnostic technologies and make themselves visible to the healthcare system through papers. In this context, I show how referral papers and diagnostic papers take on significance for people as they attempt to access care and diagnostic technologies and ‘carry’ knowledge between different levels of the healthcare system. The use of papers is often an uncertain undertaking, as they remain unintelligible to the sick and the layperson. I highlight how the form of the papers makes a crucial difference to the ways that sick people are able to use them. Papers and diagnostic technologies present both opportunities and challenges, and simultaneously engender hope, uncertainty, disappointment, and despair for the sick seeking a cure. Uncertainties, especially financial ones, arise with the possibility of new referrals and diagnostic tests, and along the way many give up or are immobilised when faced with diagnostic ambiguity.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45546022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosing Diabetes, Diagnosing Colonialism: An Ethnography of the Classification and Counting of a Senegalese Metabolic Disease 诊断糖尿病，诊断殖民主义：一种塞内加尔代谢性疾病的分类和计数民族志

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.2.5137

E. Bunkley

引用次数: 3

Learning to See Cancer in Early Detection Research 学会在早期检测研究中发现癌症

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.2.5108

I. Pérez

引用次数: 2

Positioning Human Microbiome DTC Tests On the Search for Health, Data and Alternatives Amid the Financialisation of Life 定位人类微生物组DTC测试在寻找健康，数据和替代方案在生活的金融化

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.17157/mat.8.2.5127

Alexandra Widmer

引用次数: 0

‘Test, Test, Test!’: Scarcity, Tinkering, and Testing Policy Early in the COVID-19 Epidemic in France “考试，考试，考试!”:法国COVID-19流行初期的稀缺性、修补和测试政策

Medicine anthropology theory Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.17157/MAT.8.2.5116

C. Beaudevin, L. Berlivet, S. Boudia, C. Bourgain, Maurice Cassier, J. Gaudillière, I. Löwy

{"title":"‘Test, Test, Test!’: Scarcity, Tinkering, and Testing Policy Early in the COVID-19 Epidemic in France","authors":"C. Beaudevin, L. Berlivet, S. Boudia, C. Bourgain, Maurice Cassier, J. Gaudillière, I. Löwy","doi":"10.17157/MAT.8.2.5116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17157/MAT.8.2.5116","url":null,"abstract":"This article follows the introduction of COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic tests in France. It shows how, at the intersection of science, medicine, politics, and policy-making, the test, trace, and isolate (TTI) strategy played out during the first months of the pandemic against a backcloth of multiple shortages. In so doing, the authors move beyond trite explanations (such as ‘French public health’s backwardness’) to highlight how successive policy inflections affected the national response to the pandemic. The piece analyses the shifting French political discourse surrounding (scarce) COVID-19 tests while exploring ad-hoc regulations and guidelines as well as the intense ‘bricolage’ that they triggered in the field of clinical medicine. The authors contend that the limitations of the testing infrastructure in France during the first half of 2020 shaped the decision to resort to lockdown. The research article sheds light on two coexisting registers of professional uses of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays—a ‘public health use’ and a ‘clinical use’—and highlights the changing political and social relevance of these two registers, with scarcity as a major determinant of these changes. One of the striking aspects of the introduction of COVID-19 tests in France therefore lies in the enduring gap between the dynamics of the epidemic and the dynamics of testing. In this respect, the French situation is neither extreme nor unique, which makes this case study a relevant basis for the international comparison of testing practices in different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":74160,"journal":{"name":"Medicine anthropology theory","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41999690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6