Living reviews in computational astrophysics最新文献

Simulations of multi-phase gas in and around galaxies. 星系内部和周围多相气体的模拟。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-026-00025-7

Max Gronke, Evan E Schneider

{"title":"Simulations of multi-phase gas in and around galaxies.","authors":"Max Gronke, Evan E Schneider","doi":"10.1007/s41115-026-00025-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41115-026-00025-7","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase gas-ranging from cold molecular clouds ( <math><mrow><mo>≲</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mspace></mspace></mrow> </math> K) to hot, diffuse plasma ( <math><mrow><mo>≳</mo> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mn>6</mn></msup> <mspace></mspace></mrow> </math> K) is a defining feature of the interstellar, circumgalactic, intracluster, and intergalactic media. Accurately simulating its dynamics is critical to improving our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution, however, due to their multi-scale and multi-physics nature, multiphase systems are highly challenging to model. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of numerical simulations of multiphase gas in and around galaxies. We begin by outlining the environments where multiphase gas arises and the physical and computational challenges associated with its modeling. Key quantities that characterize multiphase gas dynamics are discussed, followed by an in-depth look at idealized setups such as turbulent mixing layers, cloud-wind interactions, thermal instability, and turbulent boxes. The review then transitions to less idealized and/or larger-scale simulations, covering radiative supernovae bubbles, tall box simulations, isolated galaxy models including dwarf and Milky Way-mass systems, and cosmological zoom-in simulations, with a particular focus on simulations that enhance resolution in the halo. Throughout, we emphasize the importance of connecting scales, extracting robust diagnostics, and comparing simulations to observations. We conclude by outlining persistent challenges and promising directions for future work in simulating the multiphase Universe.","PeriodicalId":74085,"journal":{"name":"Living reviews in computational astrophysics","volume":"12 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124937/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic, thermal and rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars. 孤立中子星的磁、热、旋转演化。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-026-00028-4

José A Pons, Clara Dehman, Daniele Viganò

{"title":"Magnetic, thermal and rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars.","authors":"José A Pons, Clara Dehman, Daniele Viganò","doi":"10.1007/s41115-026-00028-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41115-026-00028-4","url":null,"abstract":"The strong magnetic fields of neutron stars are closely linked to their observed thermal, spectral, and timing properties, such as the distribution of spin periods and their derivatives. To understand the evolution of astrophysical observables over time, it is essential to develop robust theoretical frameworks and numerical models that solve the coupled thermal and magnetic field evolution equations, incorporating detailed microphysics such as thermal and electrical conductivities and neutrino emission rates. These efforts are key to uncovering how the strength and geometry of magnetic fields change with age, ultimately shedding light on the diverse phenomenology of neutron stars. In this review, we outline the fundamental theory underlying magneto-thermal evolution models, with an emphasis on numerical methods and a comprehensive set of benchmark tests intended to guide current and future code development. We revisit established results from axisymmetric simulations, highlight recent progress in fully three-dimensional models, and offer a perspective on the anticipated developments in this rapidly evolving field.Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41115-026-00028-4.","PeriodicalId":74085,"journal":{"name":"Living reviews in computational astrophysics","volume":"12 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational challenges in exoplanet atmospheric retrieval. 系外行星大气检索中的计算挑战。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-026-00031-9

Joanna K Barstow, Luis Welbanks

{"title":"Computational challenges in exoplanet atmospheric retrieval.","authors":"Joanna K Barstow, Luis Welbanks","doi":"10.1007/s41115-026-00031-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41115-026-00031-9","url":null,"abstract":"Spectral retrieval is a key computational tool for interpreting spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. As data quality has dramatically improved with the launch of JWST, so the complexity of retrieval models has also increased. Due to the lack of ground truth and prior knowledge for exoplanets, retrievals adopt algorithms capable of exploring a wide parameter space, such as MCMC or Nested Sampling, which become increasingly inefficient for higher dimensionality problems. Tuning retrieval complexity for these scenarios requires a delicate compromise between sufficient physical accuracy and pragmatic approximations. Retrievals can be applied to many different types of observation, with specific challenges associated with each. In the current environment, as we begin characterize smaller, temperate planets that may potentially be habitable, interpretation of retrievals and calculation of detection significance must be approached with special care. In this review, we summarize the current computational challenges in all aspects of the retrieval process: atmospheric modelling; data preparation; inversion and likelihood calculation; and interpretation, for a range of observational strategies. We conclude with a series of recommendations for scientists approaching retrievals for the first time in this new data-rich era for exoplanet science.","PeriodicalId":74085,"journal":{"name":"Living reviews in computational astrophysics","volume":"12 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13442594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148686954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spectral synthesis techniques for supernovae and kilonovae. 超新星和千新星的光谱合成技术。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-025-00022-2

Anders Jerkstrand

引用次数: 0

Turbulence modelling in neutron star merger simulations 中子星合并模拟中的湍流建模

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-023-00019-9

Davide Radice, Ian Hawke

引用次数: 1

Signatures of convection in the atmospheres of cool evolved stars 冷演化恒星大气中的对流特征

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-024-00020-w

Andrea Chiavassa, K. Kravchenko, Jared A. Goldberg

引用次数: 0

Computational approaches to modeling dynamos in galaxies. 星系动力模型的计算方法。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-024-00021-9

Maarit J Korpi-Lagg, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Frederick A Gent

{"title":"Computational approaches to modeling dynamos in galaxies.","authors":"Maarit J Korpi-Lagg, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Frederick A Gent","doi":"10.1007/s41115-024-00021-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41115-024-00021-9","url":null,"abstract":"Galaxies are observed to host magnetic fields with a typical total strength of around 15 <math><mi>μ</mi></math> G. A coherent large-scale field constitutes up to a few microgauss of the total, while the rest is built from strong magnetic fluctuations over a wide range of spatial scales. This represents sufficient magnetic energy for it to be dynamically significant. Several questions immediately arise: What is the physical mechanism that gives rise to such magnetic fields? How do these magnetic fields affect the formation and evolution of galaxies? In which physical processes do magnetic fields play a role, and how can that role be characterized? Numerical modelling of magnetized flows in galaxies is playing an ever-increasing role in finding those answers. We review major techniques used for these models. Current results strongly support the conclusion that field growth occurs during the formation of the first galaxies on timescales shorter than their accretion timescales due to small-scale turbulent dynamos. The saturated small-scale dynamo maintains field strengths at only a few percent of equipartition with turbulence. This is in contradiction with the observed magnitude of turbulent fields, but may be reconciled by the further contribution to the turbulent field of the large-scale dynamo. The subsequent action of large-scale dynamos in differentially rotating discs produces field strengths observed in low redshift galaxies, where it reaches equipartition with the turbulence and has substantial power at large scales. The field structure resulting appears consistent with observations including Faraday rotation and polarisation from synchrotron and dust thermal emission. Major remaining challenges include scaling numerical models toward realistic scale separations and Prandtl and Reynolds numbers.","PeriodicalId":74085,"journal":{"name":"Living reviews in computational astrophysics","volume":"10 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational methods for collisional stellar systems 碰撞恒星系统的计算方法

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-023-00018-w

R. Spurzem, A. Kamlah

引用次数: 0

Neutrino transport in general relativistic neutron star merger simulations. 一般相对论中子星合并模拟中的中微子输运。

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-023-00016-y

Francois Foucart

{"title":"Neutrino transport in general relativistic neutron star merger simulations.","authors":"Francois Foucart","doi":"10.1007/s41115-023-00016-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41115-023-00016-y","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulations of neutron star-neutron star and neutron star-black hole binaries play an important role in our ability to model gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signals powered by these systems. These simulations have to take into account a wide range of physical processes including general relativity, magnetohydrodynamics, and neutrino radiation transport. The latter is particularly important in order to understand the properties of the matter ejected by many mergers, the optical/infrared signals powered by nuclear reactions in the ejecta, and the contribution of that ejecta to astrophysical nucleosynthesis. However, accurate evolutions of the neutrino transport equations that include all relevant physical processes remain beyond our current reach. In this review, I will discuss the current state of neutrino modeling in general relativistic simulations of neutron star mergers and of their post-merger remnants. I will focus on the three main types of algorithms used in simulations so far: leakage, moments, and Monte-Carlo scheme. I will review the advantages and limitations of each scheme, as well as the various neutrino-matter interactions that should be included in simulations. We will see that the quality of the treatment of neutrinos in merger simulations has greatly increased over the last decade, but also that many potentially important interactions remain difficult to take into account in simulations (pair annihilation, oscillations, inelastic scattering).","PeriodicalId":74085,"journal":{"name":"Living reviews in computational astrophysics","volume":"9 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10805966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Simulations of common-envelope evolution in binary stellar systems: physical models and numerical techniques 双星系统共包络演化的模拟：物理模型和数值技术

Living reviews in computational astrophysics Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s41115-023-00017-x

F. Roepke, O. De Marco

引用次数: 8