Journal of young investigators最新文献

{"title":"The Heredity of Beauty","authors":"M. Sasaki, Aliss D. Abdel, E. Dinu","doi":"10.22186/JYI.34.4.1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/JYI.34.4.1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of High Fructose/Glucose on Nlrp3/Il1ß Inflammatory Pathway","authors":"E. Araoye, K. Ckless","doi":"10.22186/jyi.31.5.25-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.31.5.25-30","url":null,"abstract":"artery disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, gall bladder disease, cancer, osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes (Rodriguez-Hernandez, Simental-Mendia, Rodriguez-Ramirez, & Reyes-Romero, 2013). Among the obesity related diseases, type 2 diabetes has recently been classified an autoimmune disease involving inflammation through NLRP3 activation (Bray, 2004; Gunter & Leitzmann, 2006; Hajer, Haeften, & Visseren 2008). Studies have investigated the relationship between type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and IL1β expression (Gao et al, 2014; Larsen et al, 2007). Larsen et al.’s experimental results (2007) showed that blockade of IL-1β expression in patients with type 2 diabetes improved β-cell function and promoted glycemic control while Goa et al.’s results (2014) showed that IL-1β presence in human adipocytes significantly reduced the gene expression of insulin signaling molecules and its absence improved insulin sensitivity. The secretion of IL-1β is regulated by the Nod-Like Receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. IL-1β secretion is carried out in two steps. The first signal, also known as the priming step, consists of activation of Nod-Like Receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) coupled with accumulation of proIL-1β the inactivated precursor protein for IL-1β. Upon accumulation of the precursor, a second signal is needed to recruit the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, consisting of (NLRP3), adaptor protein apoptosis speck-like Protein (ASC) and activated caspase 1, consequently responsible for cleavage of pro-IL-1β to secretion as Il-1β (Figure 1). When NLRP3/IL-1β pathway is activated, ROS production is also observed (Jo, Kim, Shin, & Sasakawa et al, 2016). An article (Tschopp & Schroder, 2010) suggested that mitochondrial ROS is not only correlated with NLRP3 activation, but is involved in assembling the NLRP3 inflammasome complex. Mitochondria are considered the main source of ROS in INTRODUCTION Western culture has adopted a diet rich in energy-loaded carbohydrates. This increased consumption of high-energy foods has been accompanied by reliance on mechanical technology to do work, reducing necessary physical activity (Popkin, 2001). The ratio of energy consumed to energy spent is imbalanced in favor of consumption, which results in storage of fat cells as adipose tissue and uncontrolled deposition of fats could lead to an individual carrying an excess amount of weight, referred to as being overweight or obese. This condition can be defined using the body mass index (BMI) of an individual (Finucane et al, 2011). Higher BMIs correspond to excess weight and obesity. Studies (Finucane et al, 2011) show that the mean BMI worldwide has increased over the years and so has the rate of obesity. In 2008, over 500 million people worldwide were considered obese and about 1.46 billion were overweight (Finucane et al, 2011). In obese individuals, enlarged fat cells secrete fatty acids and cytokine factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), that are capable of cau","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46974596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total Electron Content (TEC) Variations and Correlation with Seismic Activity over Japan","authors":"Joseph A. Hammerstrom, P. Cornely","doi":"10.22186/jyi.31.4.13-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.31.4.13-16","url":null,"abstract":"With regards to the correlations between TEC and pre-earthquake and seismic activities, the TEC is an important parameter of study because it has the potential for showing the changes in the ionosphere due to these activities. It is because seismic and pre-earthquake activities create stress in rocks in the earth’s crust. These stresses are known to positively charge the rocks on the earth’s crust. As the positive charges accumulate at the rocks outer surfaces, they create a difference in potential which in turn creates a flow of charges that can travel fast and far from their point of origin. As the charges travel upward under the influence of the electric field lines between the surface of earth and the bottom of the ionosphere, they reach the bottom of the ionosphere, disturbing the equilibrium of the electrons in the ionosphere (Freund, Takeuchi & Lau, 2006). These disturbances can be seen in the TEC which makes TEC a potential candidate as an earthquake precursor. If TEC disturbances could be used as an earthquake precursor, tracking those disturbances could be used as part of an earthquake forecasting system which would improve earthquake warning systems, in turn saving countless lives. This study uses TEC data from Japan and current knowledge of the Tōhoku Japan earthquake to determine whether pre-earthquake and seismic activities correlate with TEC changes around the time of the earthquake.","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45661304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new perspective on parkinson's disease: pathology begins in the gastrointestinal tract","authors":"Kianna J. Mau, N. Jadavji","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.4.63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.4.63-70","url":null,"abstract":"2016). Alpha-synuclein aggregation leads to Lewy body formation, the characteristic pathological marker. It is currently unclear whether dopaminergic atrophy leads to alpha-synuclein aggregation or if it is the aggregates that lead to cell death. Few causative factors have thus far been supported, though some environmental toxins have been shown to cause disease symptomology (Pan-Montojo & Reichmann, 2014). For example, exposure to the herbicide Paraquat can result in dopaminergic degeneration and Lewy body formation in the substantia nigra by generating high levels of oxidative stress (Pan-Montojo & Reichmann, 2014). In addition, the production of the synthetic opioid drug MPPP can generate an accidental compound MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), which quickly induces a Parkinsonian state when its toxic metabolite inhibits complex I of the electron transport chain (Pan-Montojo & Reichmann, 2014). The possibility of an endogenous neurotoxic mechanism that was acquired in early life has been contemplated for many years (Gibb & Lees, 1988). It is thought that this potential pathogen is transported from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to the brain via the vagus nerve over the course of twenty years (Syensson et al., 2015). Svensson and colleagues (2015) examined a cohort of patients who underwent vagotomies. They found that patients who received a truncal vagotomy (i.e., the surgical severance of both vagal trunks) had a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease compared to a INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population, following Alzheimer’s disease (Lin et al., 2014). PD is a chronic disorder, characterized primarily by motor deficits including resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability (Burke & O’Malley, 2013; Choi et al., 2016; Lohr & Miller, 2014; Miller et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2014). Although dopaminergic atrophy in the substantia nigra pars compacta mediates the presence of these motor deficits, the clinical indicators do not appear until over 70% of dopamine (DA) nerve terminals in the striatum have atrophied, suggesting the presence of compensatory mechanisms (Bezard et al., 2013). In disease propagation, alpha-synuclein proteins bind ubiquitin ligands and accumulate in damaged cells (Rao & Gershon, A New Perspective on Parkinson’s Disease: Pathology Begins in the Gastrointestinal Tract","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Hermitian Wave Mechanics: An Unorthodox Way into Embedded Systems","authors":"Felix Tellander, K. Berggren","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.4.87-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.4.87-90","url":null,"abstract":"where m is the mass of a particle which moves under the influence of a real potential V(r) (ħ is the reduced Planck constant h/2π). When V(r) does not depend on time t the eigenvalues En of the Hermitian Hamiltonian H are the energy levels of a system. (d) The time evolution of the wave function is given by the timedependent Schrödinger equation Introduction In 1926, Erwin Schrödinger formulated his famous non-relativistic equation for matter waves. In this form quantum mechanics (QM) has since then remained a never-ending success. It expands the classical Newtonian mechanics for particle orbitals into the world of quantum matter as atoms, molecules, solid matter, microand nano-scale devices, etc., in which particles acquire wave properties. For this reason it is also referred to, particularly in the early years of the new theory, as wave mechanics (WM) with reference to common wave phenomena present in acoustics, electromagnetism, vibrational structures as membranes and drums, hydrodynamics and more. The predictive power of QM is, as well known, overwhelming. In short, traditional QM as above rests solidly on a number of postulates as (Schiff, 1968):","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Neuroscience Principles for Evidence-based Design in Architectural Education","authors":"Andrea Mcintosh, N. Jadavji","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.4.71-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.4.71-76","url":null,"abstract":"the use of the Global Workspace Theory. A good example of the interjection of neuroscience and architecture can be found in spatial navigation research. Scientific authors are capable of identifying floor patterns that are most and least useful to way-finding. Studies have also found that computer game and virtual reality architects may play an integral role in retaining memory and attention in elderly populations (Optale et al., 2010). Architectural students can benefit from a greater understanding of the impact of environmental stressors on biological mechanisms. Chronic stress response is one of the most pressing design problems as it may increase the risk of psychobiological disorders such as immune deficiencies, irritable bowel syndrome, depression, and anxiety (Hammen, 2015). Neuroscience research permits an objective review of the usability and mental health impacts of space. “An informed architect could use this research as a means for evidence-based design (EBD), a concept which seeks to ratify design standards of the built environment by incorporating research from multiple disciplines into the design process.” However, of the 113 post-secondary architecture institutions in North America, only the New School of San Diego offers students a certification program, which applies neuroscience principles to evidence-based practice (“Certificate in Neuroscience for Architecture” 2017). Although EBD is currently taught in many programs geared towards renewable/sustainable/green buildings, a truly multidisciplinary approach to EBD involves neuroscientific, psychological and economic research to guide design, a method commonly used in healthcare facilities today (Ulrich, Zimring, & Zhu, 2008). Students in architecture are entering a field which is now exploring ways to make use of neurobiological data analysis involvINTRODUCTION Architects have long sought to inspire creativity, ingenuity, worship, community and awe using the tools at their disposal. Homo faber, “Man the Maker”, crafts his environment, thereby controlling his fate. As a result of human ingenuity, we now spend over 90% of our time within a built environment crafted to suit our needs (Janda & Janda, 2017). Design is inspired by societal reform and scientific exploration expressed as an art form in itself. If architecture is an expression of creativity as a mean to reflect on the human condition, one might argue that such a reflection can also be found within neuroscientific exploration of the mind. As we come to understand the biological mechanisms of perception, consciousness and their residual impacts on mental and physical health, there is question of how our environment might in turn affect those mechanisms. Perception of space relies upon conscious awareness: the ability to receive and comprehend exterior and interior stimuli through Application of Neuroscience Principles for Evidence-based Design in Architectural Education","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of optogenetic treatment for individuals with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Mohamed M. El Koussy, N. Jadavji","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.4.77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.4.77-82","url":null,"abstract":"been found (Harbo, Gold, & Tintoré, 2013). Genetically, MS is best characterized by a mutation on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene locus, which causes abnormal antigen recognition of T cells leading to attacks on myelin proteins (Raffel et al., 2016). These findings have not been conclusive, as many other genes involved in immunological roles have also been found to play a role in contributing to MS. Environmental risk factors include smoking ,sunlight exposure, and vitamin D deficiency (Raffel et al., 2016). Currently, there are no treatments that cure MS (Ziemssen et al., 2016). Instead, treatments target symptom management to increase patients’ quality of life. These include high doses of corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone (Jongen et al., 2016), Disease modifying Treatments (DMTs) such as interferon β-1a, interferon β-1b, alemtuzumab, fingolimod and natalizumab (Carrithers et al., 2014; Gajofatto & Benedetti, 2015), and neuro-rehabilitation (Dasari, Wootla, Warrington, & Rodriguez, 2016). All of these treatment options have adverse effects or are not particularly effective in the long term (Jongen et al., 2016; Ontaneda, Fox, & Chataway, 2015; Schäcke, Döcke, & Asadullah, 2002; Ziemssen et al., 2016). There is a considerable need for new treatment options that are more effective, while reducing the adverse side-effects. A potential therapy for MS-affected individuals may be the therapeutic application of optogenetics. Optogenetics is a novel method that utilizes photoreceptors to selectively activate neurons (Hegemann & Nagel, 2013). The genetic code of these receptors is delivered either virally or nonvirally to be expressed on the cells of interest. Once expressed, Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to focal and diffuse neurodegenration and myelination throughout the nervous system (Kolasinski et al., 2012; Siffrin, Vogt, Radbruch, Nitsch, & Zipp, 2010). In its most common form, relapseremitting MS, it is characterized by high inflammation levels that lead to a continuous cycle of relapse and remission (Raffel, Wakerley, & Nicholas, 2016). These relapses, called exacerbations, may come in the form of new or worsening of old symptoms that are largely neurological such as visual impairment and imbalance that worsen over days or weeks, then recover spontaneously (Wingerchuk et al., 2014). Other common symptoms are cognitive impairment, loss of bladder control, leg weakness and sensory symptoms (Raffel et al., 2016). Genetic and environmental factors both have a role in MS development; however, a specific link to the disease has not Therapeutic Potential of Optogenetic Treatment for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Morphological Processing and the Discrete Wavelet Transform","authors":"Joshua Michael Lojzim, M. Fries","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.3.55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.3.55-62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41556561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain specific: microbial strains involved in gut-brain signaling","authors":"J. Keating, B. Patterson, R. Speir, C. Wiswell, L. A. Gonzalez, H. Kundargi, Tugba Bayrak, C. Lasalle","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.3.49-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22186/jyi.33.3.49-54","url":null,"abstract":"ability in the U.S (USBDC, 2013), the importance of this research cannot be overstated. Although the blueprint outlining the microbial role within gut-brain axis regulation is far from maturation, the current understanding is that certain microbial strains are able to induce measurable neurologic and behavioral effect through the modulation of inflammatory response, neurochemical concentration, barrier-integrity, and interaction with the vagus nerve. In order to understand, and potentially utilize these microbial capabilities, it is essential to distinguish between which microbes are inducing behavioral and or neurologic effect, and which pathway each microbe is using to do so. The complexity of this task resides in the significant microbial distinction expressed not only on a species level, but amongst microbial strains (Greenblum, Rogan, & Borenstein, 2015). Among the more than 7,000 microbial strains (Ley, Peterson, & Gordon, 2006), majority have not demonstrated direct behavioral or neurologic effect. The collection of strains that have been shown to induce measurable neurologic and behavioral manipulation belong to one of the three genus types Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides (Mayer, Knight, Mazmanian, Cryan, & Tillisch, 2014). Amongst these genus types, a plethora of biologic and behavioral variances have been expressed on both a species and strain level. While variation across differing genus and species type is expected, differences expressed between microbial strains belonging to the same genus and species type is a surprising find in light of the genomic similarity expressed between them. Further investigation into these microbial variances can explain questions such as why, despite genomic similarities, only certain microbial strains are able to induce behavioral and neurologic effect. Why INTRODUCTION Despite the myriad of pills and procedures aiming to treat psychiatric abnormalities and conditions, there is still much to be discovered about the brain. Fortunately, exploration into the effect upon commensal microbiota within behavioral and neurologic regulation has created a path in which to further decode and explore this enigmatic terrain. Recent in vitro and in vivo experimentation has demonstrated microbial influence within complex emotive states such as depression, chronic stress, anxiety, and psychiatric disorder (Bailey et al., 2011; Bercik et al., 2010; Maes, Kubera, Leunis, & Berk, 2012; Rook & Lowry, 2008). While this field is emerging and many mechanistic factors facilitating the microbial influence within gut-brain axis regulation have yet to be identified, the work done thus far suggest a future in which the brain can be indirectly targeted for therapeutic benefit through manipulation of commensal microbiota (Clarke et al., 2014; Cryan & Dinan, 2012). At a time when neuropsychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disStrain Specific: Microbial Strains Involved in Gut-Brain Signaling","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Unpaved Road Dust Near Fairbanks, Alaska a Health Concern? Examination of the Total and Bioaccessible Metal(loid)s.","authors":"Dallon C Knight,&nbsp;Nicole A Ramos,&nbsp;Chris R Iceman,&nbsp;Sarah M Hayes","doi":"10.22186/jyi.33.1.8-18","DOIUrl":"10.22186/jyi.33.1.8-18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies highlight the health risks associated with toxic metal(loid)s [e.g., arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb)] in dust from mining operations, urban settings, and rural roads. To have a deleterious health effect, inhaled or ingested metal(loid)s must dissolve under conditions in the lung or gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we determined total and physiologically-soluble fractions of metal(loid)s in road dust from four sites in east-central interior Alaska. Total As and antimony (Sb) were enriched up to 26.2 and 53.7, respectively in dusts relative to average crustal abundance. Several elements such as nickel (Ni), As, and Sb were highly to moderately soluble in simulated lung fluids (7-80%, 15-51%, and 5-42%, respectively). Nickel and As exceeded the EPA inhalation risk unit, which is an exposure level of minimal risk. Despite several elements being highly soluble in simulated gastric fluids, including Ni, Cu, As, and Pb, only As samples exceeded the oral reference dose for children (based on total elemental concentrations) in some samples. The highest exposure risks identified in this study are inhalation of As and Ni present in road dust and ingestion of As-containing dust, especially by children. Additional studies would be needed to further quantify the health risk posed by road dust in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":74021,"journal":{"name":"Journal of young investigators","volume":"33 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e5/1e/nihms965844.PMC6208360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36634616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}