Journal of vascular diseases最新文献

{"title":"Smooth Muscle Cell Specific Activity of SGK-1 Alters Aortic Stiffness and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth.","authors":"Matthew Anderson, Leilei Zhang, Mario Figueroa, Victoria Mattia, Alexander Rovner, Vinitha Uppalapati, Ying Xiong, Rupak Mukherjee, Jeffrey A Jones, Jean Marie Ruddy","doi":"10.3390/jvd5010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jvd5010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Activity of SGK-1 has been associated with mechanical aspects of vascular remodeling and matrix stiffening has been a known characteristic of AAA. We hypothesis that VSMC-specific SGK-1 activity is vital to growth of AAA and contributes to progressive aortic stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57Bl/6 and SMC-SGK-1KO^+/- mice underwent AAA induction vs Sham on day 0. A subset of C57Bl/6 mice had pump implantation to treat with EMD638683. Aortic ultrasound images were obtained on Day 0 and Day 21 and analyzed for mechanical parameters. At terminal procedure the infrarenal aorta was harvested for immunoblot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At Day 21, C57Bl/6+AAA mice showed growth of 72.27% ± 2.2% versus the C57Bl/6+Sham (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) with associated 3.71 ± 1.15-fold increase in SGK-1 activity (<i>p</i> = 0.001). C57Bl/6+AAA+EMD mice demonstrated growth of 23.68% ± 2.82% (<i>p</i> = 0.0452) with no significant change in SGK-1 activity. SMC-SGK1-KO^+/-+AAA mice had growth of 28.20% ± 3.74% compared to SMC-SGK1-KO^+/-+Sham (<i>p</i> = 0.004) with increased SGK-1 activity (<i>p</i> = 0.0303). Radial strain was significantly reduced in the C57Bl/6+AAA (<i>p</i> = 0.0062) and C57Bl/6+AAA+EMD (<i>p</i> = 0.0135) when compared to C57Bl/6+Sham. Distensibility was significantly reduced in C57Bl/6+AAA (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Pulse propagation velocity (PPV) was significantly elevated in C57Bl/6+AAA mice (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) but inhibited by EMD therapy (<i>p</i> = 0.0007 vs. C57Bl/6+AAA). SMC-SGK1-KO^+/- +AAA mice showed significant reductions in radial strain (<i>p</i> = 0.0011) and distensibility (<i>p</i> = 0.0233) with a modest, but significant, increase in PPV (<i>p</i> = 0.0148).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGK-1 inhibition attenuated AAA growth and preserved vascular function. Targeting this pathway may provide a directed medical therapy for AAA and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147791062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Blood Pressure Control in Vulnerable Older Adults: The Role of Frailty and Sarcopenia.","authors":"Kunaal S Sarnaik, Saeid Mirzai","doi":"10.3390/jvd4020018","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jvd4020018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aging of the global population over recent decades has resulted in an increased prevalence of hypertension in older adults. Hypertension develops with increasing age primarily due to a disastrous feedback loop of increased arterial stiffness and maladaptive hemodynamics; this is compounded by age-related changes in physiology. The risk of adverse hypertension-related outcomes concurrently increases with age, and optimal blood pressure (BP) control in older adults thus becomes increasingly important each year. The results of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating antihypertension strategies in older adults have concluded that the potential benefits of intensive BP management outweigh the risks of harm. However, the exclusion of frail, multimorbid, and institutionalized individuals limits the generalizability of such findings to the broader population of older patients with hypertension. Secondary analyses and external studies have continued to support intensive BP control strategies in older adults with frailty or sarcopenia. Therefore, based on available evidence, clinicians should continue practicing intensive BP control strategies in the older population, yet careful consideration of functional status, life expectancy, medication side effects, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity must take place to avoid unnecessary harm. Strategies must then be tailored to accommodate modifiers such as frailty and sarcopenia in older adults with hypertension. Knowledge gaps underscore the need for future studies evaluating BP management in older adults that incorporate greater proportions of multimorbid and institutionalized individuals with frailty, assess personalization of treatment, and identify subgroups in which optimal BP levels exist or the permissibility of higher BP levels is safer than BP reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macrovascular Function in People with HIV After Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Ana S Salazar, Louis Vincent, Bertrand Ebner, Nicholas Fonseca Nogueira, Leah Krauss, Madison S Meyer, Jelani Grant, Natalie Aguilar, Mollie S Pester, Meela Parker, Alex Gonzalez, Armando Mendez, Adam Carrico, Barry E Hurwitz, Maria L Alcaide, Claudia Martinez","doi":"10.3390/jvd4010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jvd4010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with acute CVD complications. The aim of the study was to as-sess macrovascular function as an early indicator of CVD risk in PWH after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PWH aged 20-60 years, with undetectable viral load (RNA < 20 copies/mL), on stable antiretroviral therapy (≥6 months) and history of mild COVID-19 (≥30 days) without any CVD manifestations prior to enrollment were recruited. Participants were excluded if they had history of diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease, heart or respiratory disease. Participants were matched 1:1 to pre-pandemic PWH. A health survey, surrogate measures of CVD risk, and macrovascular function (brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation and arterial stiffness assessments via applanation tonometry) were compared between group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 17 PWH and history of COVID-19 (PWH/COV+) were matched with 17 PWH without COVID-19 (PWH/COV-) pre-pandemic. Mean age (45.5 years), sex (76.5% male), body mass index (27.3), and duration of HIV infection (12.2 years) were not different between groups. Both groups had comparable CVD risk factors (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). There were no differences in measures of flow mediated arterial dilatation or arterial stiffness after 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, PWH did not demonstrate evidence of macrovascular dysfunction and increased CVD risk. Results suggest that CVD risk may not be increased in people with well-controlled HIV who did not manifest CVD complications SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11922556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual Dimorphism in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm-Insights from Clinical and Experimental Studies.","authors":"Zain Husain Islam, Hongzhang Mei, Zoe Tetz, Rohan Kanchetty, Sophia Stanisic, Nicholas Hoyt, William Aaron Marcum, Campbell Johnston, Eric William Kent, Mengxue Zhang, Nina Islam, Alvin Anand, Kaijie Zhang, Li Yin, Bowen Wang","doi":"10.3390/jvd4010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jvd4010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent vascular disease with high mortality rates upon rupture. AAA features a distinct sexual dimorphism, with a prevalence three times higher in males than in females. Interestingly, females are faced with a greater risk of rupture and a worse prognosis following surgical repairs. Nevertheless, stratified approaches for managing and predicting outcomes of AAA in male and female patients remain limited, largely hindered by our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying this sex dimorphism. In this article, we will summarize the recent clinical and preclinical efforts aimed at understanding the therapeutic and mechanistic implications of sex-specific factors shaping AAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12927653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation Value of Non-Invasive Indices of Arterial Stiffness in the Early Stage of Coronary Artery Disease: Preliminary Results from an Exploratory Study","authors":"Fei Wang, Hui Zhang, Kotaro Uchida, Takuya Sugawara, Shintaro Minegishi, Hiroshi Doi, Rie Nakashima-Sasaki, Lin Chen, T. Ishigami","doi":"10.3390/jvd3030022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3030022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, the arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure volume index (API) have been used to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial function. As arterial stiffness and endothelial injury are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), these two indexes are therefore expected to predict and evaluate the future risk of CAD and cardiovascular events before clinical manifestations. Methods: A total of 90 consecutive patients with coronary angiography (CAG) were enrolled. After excluding normal patients and acute coronary syndrome patients, forty-seven patients with CAD and thirty-two patients with coronary atherosclerosis, and baseline characteristics data were collected. A multifunctional blood pressure monitoring device, AVE-1500 (Shisei Datum, Tokyo, Japan), was used to measure the AVI and API before CAG, and immediately and 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after CAG and (or) PCI in all the selected participants. Results: After adjusting for various variables using stepwise multiple linear regression analyses, we found that the AVI in the CAD subjects was significantly higher than that in the coronary atherosclerosis subjects before CAG (p = 0.02), immediately after CAG/PCI (p = 0.01), and 48 h after CAG/PCI (p = 0.01), whereas the AVI decreased 24–48 h rather than immediately after CAG/PCI in the CAD group. Moreover, we also found that the API clearly changed in both groups during the periprocedural period of CAG (p = 0.01). Conclusions: In accordance with the results, we propose that the API and AVI may be useful for predicting the early stage of CAD and may be promising as indicators to assess the effect of early revascularization.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Arterial Function after Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19","authors":"Ketaki Mukhopadhyay, Marla S. Johnston, James S. Krulisky, Shengping Yang, Thomas R. Kimball","doi":"10.3390/jvd3030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3030021","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a new disease entity occurring in the pediatric population two to six weeks after coronavirus exposure due to a systemic arteritis. We investigated post-hospital-discharge arterial function at short- and mid-term intervals using pulse wave velocity. We assessed associations between arterial function, left ventricular diastolic and systolic function and left ventricular mass. Materials and methods: Retrospective data collection was carried out on 28 patients with MIS-C with at least two outpatient pediatric cardiology clinic visits post hospital admission. The patients underwent assessment of systemic arterial function and cardiac function. Data included pulse wave velocity between carotid and femoral arteries and echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function (shortening and ejection fraction, longitudinal strain), diastolic function and left ventricular mass. Results: Pulse wave velocity significantly decreased from visit 1 to visit 2 (5.29 ± 1.34 m/s vs. 4.51 ± 0.91 m/s, p = 0.009). Left ventricular mass significantly decreased from visit 1 to visit 2 (42 ± 9 g/m2.7 vs. 38 ± 7 g/m2.7, p = 0.02). There was a significant negative correlation between the pulse wave velocity and E/A mitral inflow (−0.41, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Children have elevated pulse wave velocity and left ventricular mass in the short-term relative to mid-term values after hospital discharge. These results suggest that MIS-C is associated with transient systemic arterial dysfunction, which, in turn, may play a role in cardiac changes.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Insights and Clinical Applications of Ischemia-Modified Albumin in Ischemic Conditions","authors":"Nimesha N. Senadeera, C. Ranaweera, Inoka C. Perera, D. U. Kottahachchi","doi":"10.3390/jvd3030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3030020","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a significant global health threat, impacting millions annually. Over time, plaque buildup narrows the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle and resulting in myocardial ischemia. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for restoring the blood flow to the heart muscle and preventing myocardial infarction. Given the limited availability of screening and diagnostic tests, the early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia remains challenging. While cardiac troponin is considered the gold standard for detecting myocardial injury, its effectiveness in identifying myocardial ischemia is limited. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a modified albumin variant that serves as a sensitive and early marker for ischemia. Despite extensive research on diagnostic applications of IMA as a biomarker for ischemia, significant gaps remain in understanding its formation, sensitive and specific detection, and precise clinical utility. This review aims to address these gaps by compiling literature on IMA discussing the latest findings on structure and formation, and detection methods. Further research is required to enhance understanding of the structure and formation of IMA, aiming to develop novel detection techniques or improve existing ones. However, currently, available sophisticated methods are associated with higher expenses and require specialized equipment and qualified personnel.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Microencapsulated Cocoa Polyphenols on Macro- and Microvascular Function after Eccentric Exercise","authors":"Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Leonardo Victor Miranda de Souza, Olavo João Frederico Ramos Junior, Mônica Volino-Souza, T. Alvares","doi":"10.3390/jvd3030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3030019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence has demonstrated that non-habitual exercise, such as eccentric exercise, can increase reactive oxygen species and induce endothelial dysfunction, which plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Polyphenol-rich foods, such as cocoa, have been widely investigated in vascular function due to their antioxidant effect. Aims: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of microencapsulated cocoa (MC) polyphenols in the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response and forearm muscle oxygenation (StO2) parameters after an eccentric exercise. Methods: Thirteen physically active adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, and crossover study. FMD and StO2 were evaluated before and after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of eccentric exercise and MC or placebo supplementation. Results: No significant difference in FMD response and StO2 parameters was observed after MC and placebo (p > 0.05). Conclusions: A single dose of MC did not change FMD and muscle StO2 parameters after eccentric exercise in healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perivascular Adipose Tissue Density and Stenosis Plaque Degree in Lower Limb Peripheral Arteries in CT","authors":"Alice Fortunati, Chiara Perazzo, Maria chiara Basile, Maurizio Cè, A. Malavazos, Sergio Papa, Deborah Fazzini, Francesco Secchi, Marco Alì","doi":"10.3390/jvd3020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) attenuation has emerged as a novel biomarker for identifying high-risk arterial plaques due to its association with inflammation. Recognizing the systemic nature of atherosclerosis and its link with major cardiovascular events in coronary disease, this study evaluated PVAT attenuation in the peripheral arteries using CT imaging to expand the understanding of its diagnostic and prognostic potential. Methods: a retrospective analysis of 53 consecutive patients who underwent CT angiography, examining PVAT density across five primary peripheral arterial segments. A 5 mm region of interest adjacent to the vascular wall was analyzed by two blinded readers, with reproducibility coefficients calculated to determine the reliability of the measurements. For the statistical analyses, mean values were derived from these measurements. The patients were stratified into four groups based on the degree of arterial stenosis: <25%, 25–50%, 50–70%, and >70%. PVAT density comparisons between these groups were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the pairwise Mann–Whitney U test with Holm–Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed statistically significant disparities in PVAT density across the categorically differentiated stenosis groups (p < 0.001), indicating an association between PVAT density and arterial stenosis severity. This association was especially pronounced in the external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral, and popliteal arteries, where the p-values were consistently below 0.05. Subsequent pairwise analyses utilizing the Mann–Whitney U test with Holm–Bonferroni correction affirmed these findings, in particular for the external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (p < 0.05). Conclusions: our findings reinforce the correlation between increased PVAT density and the degree of arterial stenosis, supporting the clinical value of PVAT as a non-invasive biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification and potentially guiding therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"122 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Correlation of the Circulation Time of Test Bolus Injections in MR Angiography and Cardiac Function","authors":"David F. Möller, Borut Mohorko, Theresia E. Aschauer, Tobias Schwager, Manuela A. Aschauer","doi":"10.3390/jvd3020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jvd3020017","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study examines 248 test bolus examinations preceding contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) to extract clinically relevant data for critical limb ischemia (CLI) management. The method involved a retrospective review of test bolus exams, analysing 60 graphs for time to peak (TTP), full-width half-maximum (FWHM) time, and time to continual rise in signal intensity. These values were correlated with heart function parameters (ejection fraction, ASA classification, Lee index, and MET score). The results indicate a mean TTP of 31.2 ± 7.3 s, showing a correlation between the ejection fraction and ASA classification. Patients with atrial fibrillation exhibited prolonged TTP compared to those without. Despite population heterogeneity, these findings facilitate risk stratification for limb-saving interventions in CLI. TTP emerges as a potential clinical cardiovascular parameter and a risk factor for vascular interventions. Given the variation in injection protocols across centres, this study underscores the importance of precise bolus arrival time documentation for future multicentre studies.","PeriodicalId":74009,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vascular diseases","volume":"101 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}