Journal of vaccines & vaccination最新文献

{"title":"MEFA (multiepitope fusion antigen)-Novel Technology for Structural Vaccinology, Proof from Computational and Empirical Immunogenicity Characterization of an Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) Adhesin MEFA.","authors":"Qiangde Duan,&nbsp;Kuo Hao Lee,&nbsp;Rahul M Nandre,&nbsp;Carolina Garcia,&nbsp;Jianhan Chen,&nbsp;Weiping Zhang","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccine development often encounters the challenge of virulence heterogeneity. Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (ETEC) bacteria producing immunologically heterogeneous virulence factors are a leading cause of children's diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea. Currently, we do not have licensed vaccines against ETEC bacteria. While conventional methods continue to make progress but encounter challenge, new computational and structure-based approaches are explored to accelerate ETEC vaccine development. In this study, we applied a structural vaccinology concept to construct a structure-based multiepitope fusion antigen (MEFA) to carry representing epitopes of the seven most important ETEC adhesins [CFA/I, CFA/II (CS1-CS3), CFA/IV (CS4-CS6)], simulated antigenic structure of the CFA/I/II/IV MEFA with computational atomistic modeling and simulation, characterized immunogenicity in mouse immunization, and examined the potential of structure-informed vaccine design for ETEC vaccine development. A tag-less recombinant MEFA protein (CFA/I/II/IV MEFA) was effectively expressed and extracted. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that this MEFA immunogen maintained a stable secondary structure and presented epitopes on the protein surface. Empirical data showed that mice immunized with the tagless CFA/I/II/IV MEFA developed strong antigen-specific antibody responses, and mouse serum antibodies significantly inhibited <i>in vitro</i> adherence of bacteria expressing these seven adhesins. These results revealed congruence of antigen immunogenicity between computational simulation and empirical mouse immunization and indicated this tag-less CFA/I/II/IV MEFA potentially an antigen for a broadly protective ETEC vaccine, suggesting a potential application of MEFA-based structural vaccinology for vaccine design against ETEC and likely other pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35541972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elimination of Cancer Health Disparities through the Acceleration of HPV Vaccines and Vaccinations: A Simplified Version of the President's Cancer Panel Report on HPV Vaccinations.","authors":"Eva McGhee, Hill Harper, Adaku Ume, Melanie Baker, Cheick Diarra, John Uyanne, Sebhat Afework, Keosha Partlow, Lucy Tran, Judith Okoro, Anh Doan, Karen Tate, Mechelle Rouse, Meidrah Tyler, Kamilah Evans, Tonya Sanchez, Ishmum Hasan, Enijah Smith-Joe, Jasmine Maniti, Liliana Zarate, Camille King, Antoinette Alugbue, Chiamaka Opara, Bileko Wissa, Joanne Maniti, Roland Pattillo","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000361","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major public health concern affecting both females and males. HPV is associated with cervical, anal, head and neck cancers. About 99% of all cervical cancers are related to HPV. HPV vaccines, Gardasil, Cervarix, and Gardasil 9 are used in the primary prevention of HPV related cancers. Gardasil and Gardasil 9 are available for use in both females and males ages 9 to 26, while Cervarix is available for females ages 9 to 25. Gardasil 9 was approved by the FDA for prevention against additional HPV types. Despite the availability of this preventative measure against cervical cancer, the rate of HPV vaccination in the United States remains lower than that of other industrialized nations. The purpose of this study is to elucidate mechanisms to help increase the HPV vaccination rate by using education as a tool; by simplifying the president report so that lay person can understand the information presented in the report. Through the quantitative examination of the data from the states with the lowest and highest vaccination rates, using SPSS statistical analysis; we analyzed several factors involved with the low uptake of the vaccines. The results collected show that socioeconomic status, misconceptions about HPV, and misconceptions about the safety of the vaccines were identified as possible obstacles to the effective uptake of HPV vaccinations. The proposals made by the President's Cancer Panel to accelerate the uptake of vaccines include, increasing coverage of the vaccines through government-sponsored programs, and the Affordable Care Act; increasing accessibility to vaccines through pharmacies, schools, and clinics; and disseminating more information on HPV to healthcare providers, parents, caregivers, and patients. Allowing greater accessibility to the vaccines for all populations regardless of income, education, and eliminating misconceptions of the vaccines would play a significant role in eliminating cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5568095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35351350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of Cancer Stem Cell-Targeted Vaccine in Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Ming Lin,&nbsp;Alfred E Chang,&nbsp;Max Wicha,&nbsp;Qiao Li,&nbsp;Shiang Huang","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000371","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulating evidence shows that tumours contain a distinct subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are capable of selfrenewal, differentiation, and tumour-initiation . Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells are relatively resistant to chemo-and radio-therapies","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"8 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35813713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance and Intensification of Bivalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Use Prior to its Coordinated Global Cessation.","authors":"Radboud J Duintjer Tebbens, Lee M Hampton, Steven G F Wassilak, Mark A Pallansch, Stephen L Cochi, Kimberly M Thompson","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000340","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the impact of different bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) supplemental immunization activity (SIA) strategies on population immunity to serotype 1 and 3 poliovirus transmission and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) risks before and after globally-coordinated cessation of serotype 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV13 cessation).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We adapt mathematical models that previously informed vaccine choices ahead of the trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine to bOPV switch to estimate the population immunity to serotype 1 and 3 poliovirus transmission needed at the time of OPV13 cessation to prevent subsequent cVDPV outbreaks. We then examine the impact of different frequencies of SIAs using bOPV in high risk populations on population immunity to serotype 1 and 3 transmission, on the risk of serotype 1 and 3 cVDPV outbreaks, and on the vulnerability to any imported bOPV-related polioviruses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maintaining high population immunity to serotype 1 and 3 transmission using bOPV SIAs significantly reduces 1) the risk of outbreaks due to imported serotype 1 and 3 viruses, 2) the emergence of indigenous cVDPVs before or after OPV13 cessation, and 3) the vulnerability to bOPV-related polioviruses in the event of non-synchronous OPV13 cessation or inadvertent bOPV use after OPV13 cessation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although some reduction in global SIA frequency can safely occur, countries with suboptimal routine immunization coverage should each continue to conduct at least one annual SIA with bOPV, preferably more, until global OPV13 cessation. Preventing cVDPV risks after OPV13 cessation requires investments in bOPV SIAs now through the time of OPV13 cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5497833/pdf/nihms829434.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35154437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step Quantitative RT-PCR Assays for Detecting, Genotyping and Differentiating Wild-Type Group a Rotaviruses and Vaccine (Rotarix^® and RotaTeq^®) Strains in Stool Samples.","authors":"Rashi Gautam,&nbsp;Michael D Bowen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000341","url":null,"abstract":"Rashi Gautam1,2* and Michael D Bowen1 1Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 2IHRC Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA *Corresponding author: Rashi Gautam, Division of Viral Diseases, Gastroenteritis and Respiratory Viruses Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA, Tel: (404) 639-1628; E-mail: IJS0@cdc.gov","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34917240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Immunogenicity of Peptoid-Protein Conjugates.","authors":"Allison Case,&nbsp;Angela Desmond,&nbsp;Daniel Lopes,&nbsp;Kelly Dye,&nbsp;Kelly Mapes,&nbsp;Stephen Ruback,&nbsp;Iliodora Pop,&nbsp;Jiyeun Kate Kim,&nbsp;Pavitra Chakravarty,&nbsp;Joan E Smallshaw,&nbsp;Laurentiu M Pop,&nbsp;Ellen S Vitetta","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate that a peptoid composed of five monomers and attached <i>via</i> a maleimide linker to a carrier protein elicits anti-peptoid, anti-linker and anti-carrier antibodies in rabbits. Specific anti-peptoid antibodies were affinity purified and used to reproducibly retrieve three specific peptoid-coupled beads from 20,000 irrelevant peptoid-beads using magnetic screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34363340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Igg Subclasses Targeting the Flagella of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Can Mediate Phagocytosis and Bacterial Killing.","authors":"Yun Shan Goh,&nbsp;Kathryn L Armour,&nbsp;Michael R Clark,&nbsp;Andrew J Grant,&nbsp;Pietro Mastroeni","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> are a common cause of invasive disease in immuno-compromised individuals and in children. Multi-drug resistance poses challenges to disease control, with a critical need for effective vaccines. Flagellin is an attractive vaccine candidate due to surface exposure and high epitope copy number, but its potential as a target for opsonophacytic antibodies is unclear. We examined the effect of targeting flagella with different classes of IgG on the interaction between <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium and a human phagocyte-like cell line, THP-1. We tagged the FliC flagellar protein with a foreign CD52 mimotope (TSSPSAD) and bacteria were opsonized with a panel of humanised CD52 antibodies with the same antigen-binding V-region, but different constant regions. We found that IgG binding to flagella increases bacterial phagocytosis and reduces viable intracellular bacterial numbers. Opsonisation with IgG3, followed by IgG1, IgG4, and IgG2, resulted in the highest level of bacterial uptake and in the highest reduction in the intracellular load of viable bacteria. Taken together, our data provide proof-of-principle evidence that targeting flagella with antibodies can increase the antibacterial function of host cells, with IgG3 being the most potent subclass. These data will assist the rational design of urgently needed, optimised vaccines against iNTS disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9841837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-resectional Radiofrequency Ablation as a Neoadjuvant <i>in situ</i> Tumor Vaccine.","authors":"Fumito Ito, Sharon S Evans","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000310","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A lack of effective immune response against cancer is one of the major risk factors for developing local recurrence and distant metastases after curative resectional surgery. Prior studies revealed that systemic antitumor immunity is elicited by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of tumor lesions, which is mainly considered a palliative procedure for unresectable tumors or for inoperable patients. Recently, we discovered an oncological benefit that depends on the adaptive arm of the antitumor immune response when RFA is performed in a neoadjuvant setting prior to surgical resection in preclinical murine models.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606234/pdf/nihms893398.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35541971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Laser Vaccine Adjuvants.","authors":"Satoshi Kashiwagi,&nbsp;Timothy Brauns,&nbsp;Mark C Poznansky","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7560.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An immunologic adjuvant, which enhances the magnitude and quality of immune responses to vaccine antigens, has become an essential part of modern vaccine practice. Chemicals and biologicals have been typically used for this purpose, but there are an increasing number of studies that are being conducted on the vaccine adjuvant effect of laser light on the skin. Currently, four different types or classes of laser devices have been shown to systemically enhance immune responses to intradermal vaccination: ultra-short pulsed lasers, non-pulsed lasers, non-ablative fractional lasers and ablative fractional lasers. Aside from involving the application of laser light to the skin in a manner that minimizes discomfort and damage, each type of laser vaccine adjuvant involves emission parameters, modes of action and immunologic adjuvant effects that are quite distinct from each other. This review provides a summary of the four major classes of \"laser vaccine adjuvant\" and clarifies and resolves their characteristics as immunologic adjuvants. These aspects of each adjuvant's properties will ultimately help define which laser would be most efficacious in delivering a specific clinical benefit with a specific vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7560.1000307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34325400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilin Vaccination Stimulates Weak Antibody Responses and Provides No Protection in a C57Bl/6 Murine Model of Acute <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Infection.","authors":"Grace A Maldarelli, Hanover Matz, Si Gao, Kevin Chen, Therwa Hamza, Harris G Yfantis, Hanping Feng, Michael S Donnenberg","doi":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000321","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2157-7560.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium difficile</i> is the leading cause of nosocomial infections in the United States, adding billions of dollars per year to health care costs. A vaccine targeted against the bacterium would be extremely beneficial in decreasing the morbidity and mortality caused by <i>C. difficile</i>-associated disease; a vaccine directed against a colonization factor would hinder the spread of the bacterium as well as prevent disease. Type IV pili (T4Ps) are extracellular appendages composed of protein monomers called pilins. They are involved in adhesion and colonization in a wide variety of bacteria and archaea, and are putative colonization factors in <i>C. difficile</i>. We hypothesized that vaccinating mice with pilins would lead to generation of anti-pilin antibodies, and would protect against <i>C. difficile</i> challenge. We found that immunizing C57Bl/6 mice with various pilins, whether combined or as individual proteins, led to low anti-pilin antibody titers and no protection upon <i>C. difficile</i> challenge. Passive transfer of anti-pilin antibodies led to high serum anti-pilin IgG titers, but to undetectable fecal anti-pilin IgG titers and did not protect against challenge. The low antibody titers observed in these experiments may be due to the particular strain of mice used. Further experiments, possibly with a different animal model of <i>C. difficile</i> infection, are needed to determine if an anti-T4P vaccine would be protective against <i>C. difficile</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":74006,"journal":{"name":"Journal of vaccines & vaccination","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9841841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}