Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association最新文献

{"title":"Participatory Process for Implementing a Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention: an Action Plan for Local Sustainability","authors":"Selina A Smith, B. Ansa, Joyce Q Sheats, Sandra J Hamilton, M. Whitehead","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070202","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION METHODS Background: Rigid protocols can hamper translation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) from research to real-world settings. Nevertheless, employing principles of community-based participatory research holds potential for successful implementation. The primary aim of this investigation was to develop procedures for modifying the study protocol of a colorectal cancer screening educational intervention implemented in African American communities to fit local needs while maintaining fidelity to its core elements. Methods: To ensure sustainability of the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS), four-hour guided discussions between researchers and 15 community coalitions were undertaken to include: 1) assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats; 2) establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely goals; and 3) developing local action plans. Results: In the local action plans, adherence to core intervention elements (theoretical framework, educational content, and sessions) was maintained with adaptation to roles and responsibilities. For example, the coalition leader modified views to reflect local ownership of data and members accepted responsibilities for marketing, education, communication, and data management. Conclusions: Enhancing interactions between researchers and community partners and addressing weaknesses and threats ensure transition from efficacy to implementation and promote sustainability of interventions. Grant Support: NIH 1R01CA166785  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and the third most common cancer in men and in women. African Americans (AAs) have the highest over-all incidence, incidence of advanced stage at disease presentation, attributable mortality, and the lowest survival rates after diagnosis.  Although screening is an effective tool for reducing CRC mortality, differences in screening accounted for 42% of disparity in CRC incidence and 19% of disparity in CRC mortality between AAs and Whites.  EPICS is an EBI for increasing CRC screening rates among AAs. Core elements are listed in Table 1.  EPICS implementation is in partnership with community coalitions organized by the National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer (NBLIC) in 15 communities across the United States.  Sustainability of the EBI is based on acceptability, capacity, and resources within the targeted communities, using an approach that is flexible enough for local relevance.  In the present study, investigators describe a method for enhancing dissemination by adjusting the EPICS study protocol to meet local contextual challenges. Guided by Glasgow’s Evidence Integration Triangle (EIT) [Fig. 1], a variety of issues faced at the 15 sites and the process by which the basic protocol was modified are described. 1. Discussions between investigators and leaders of each NBLIC community coalition to share informa","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47751741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"88th Annual Georgia Public Health Association Meeting & Conference Report","authors":"Selina A. Smith, R. Abbott, C. Sims","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070207","url":null,"abstract":"The 86(th) annual meeting of the Georgia Public Health Association (GPHA) and joint conference with the Southern Health Association was held in Atlanta, Georgia, on April 13-14, 2015, with pre-conference (April 12(th)) and post-conference (April 14(th)) Executive Board meetings. As Georgia's leading forum for public health researchers, practitioners, and students, the annual meeting of the GPHA brings together participants from across the state to explore recent developments in the field and to exchange techniques, tools, and experiences. Historically, the GPHA conference has been held in Savannah (n=24); Jekyll Island (n=20); Atlanta (n=16); Augusta (n=4); and Gainesville (n=1). There was no annual meeting during the early years (1929-1936); during World War II (1941-1943 and 1945); and for four years during the 1980s. Between 2006 and 2010, GPHA held one-day annual meetings and business sessions with educational workshops. Several new initiatives were highlighted as part of this year's conference. These included a \"move and groove\" physical activity lounge, registration scholarships for students with a dedicated meet-and-greet reception, an expanded exhibit hall, presentation and approval of three resolutions (related to healthy foods at official activities and events; weapons at official activities and events; and memorials), and approval of the 2015 legislative policy positions and amended association bylaws. The theme for the conference was Advocacy in Action for Public Health. Specifically, the program addressed ensuring access to care; protecting funding for core programs, services, and infrastructure; eliminating health disparities; and addressing key public health issues important to the state of Georgia. One hundred and nine (109) abstracts were submitted for peer review; 36 were accepted for poster and 40 for workshop presentations. Four plenary sessions with keynote speakers covered the intersection between advocacy and policy, Georgia's response to the Ebola crisis, palliative care, and essentials of advocacy in action for public health. Concurrent workshops focused on Board of Health training, public health accreditation, capacity building, collaboration, patient-centered outcomes, synthetic cannabinoid use, the HIV care continuum, use of data for informed decision making, environmental threats, organizational development, epidemiology, policy, and regulation. Thirty-two (32) awards were presented, including Lawmaker of the Year Award to Governor Nathan and First Lady Sandra Deal for their active and engaged role in promoting public health in Georgia; and the Sellers-McCroan Award to Commissioner Brenda Fitzgerald, Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) State Health Officer, for her leadership of the Georgia Ebola Response Team and leadership of the newly formed department. The conference attracted 569 registrants primarily through pre-registration (n=561) with limited onsite registration (n=8). For this year's conference, there ","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45278000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Maternal Literacy Skills on Child Weight in Mozambique","authors":"Ashley E. N. Watson, S. Self-Brown, Iris Feinberg, Whitney L. Rostad","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070216","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infant mortality is a serious public health problem. One factor that is strongly associated with infant mortality is low weight in children. The percentage of underweight children under the age of five in Mozambique was 16% in 2012. In order to reduce the number of underweight children in this country, contributing caregiver characteristics of this problem should be investigated. One potentially relevant characteristic is maternal literacy, which has been under investigated. Objective: This study aims to determine whether maternal literacy affected the weight and body-mass-index (BMI) of children ages 0 to 3 years old in Mozambique. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 6,762 children between the ages of 0 and 47 months was conducted using the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey for Mozambique. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) procedures with Scheffe post hoc tests were performed in order to identify differences in mean child weight and BMI Z-score in reference to maternal literacy level, controlling for several covariates (e.g., mother’s weight, education). The data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software Version 9.4. Results: In the study sample, 396 (6.05%) children were found to be underweight and 4467 (58.69%) of mothers were found to be illiterate. There was a statistically significant association between maternal literacy level and the weight and BMI of children between the ages of 0 and 3 years of age, after controlling for other known predictors. A trend of stronger association was observed for each one-year increase in child age. Conclusions: Maternal literacy is significantly associated with child weight and BMI. Prioritizing secondary education for women is one important approach for ameliorating the risk of underweight children. Increased literacy rates in women could lead to better understanding of child nutritional needs, and ultimately, an overall reduction in the number of underweight children","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42037955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing Mindfulness Practices With Parents of Young Children in a Low-socioeconomic Status Neighborhood","authors":"Andrew T. Roach, Josephine Mhende, Brian Barger, Douglas A. Roberts","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070206","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether instruction in mindfulness practices would results in improved self-reported mindfulness and reduced depression, anxiety, and family stress in parents of young children living in a low socioeconomic status (SES) neighborhood. Methods: The study utilized a pretest-posttest group design to evaluate the effectiveness of the Mindfulness Ambassador Council-Interactive curriculum with attendees in a parent support program. Participants (n=15) were recruited from families with young children who received support from a community-based organization in one low-SES neighborhood in Atlanta. Mental health assessments, measures of family stress and parenting competency, and a demographic questionnaire with non-identifying questions were administered to all participants during the first and last session of the 8-week mindfulness program. Results: Participants reported increased mindfulness and decreased levels of anxiety and depression. Parent reports of family stressors were relatively stable across the two time points, while self-reported parenting competence decreased. Discussion: Based on the parents’ reports of program acceptability and the impact on their well-being, mindfulness training appears to be a promising strategy for addressing the stressors experienced by parents of young children.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43893320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Care Access by Weight Status in the State of Georgia","authors":"Elizabeth Pullekines, Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity continues to grow in prevalence in the United States and within the state of Georgia. Obesity is a risk factor for many chronic and preventable diseases. As such, obese individuals have higher demand for health care services than non-obese individuals. In addition, the health care system can play a role in preventing obesity and other conditions caused by obesity. Methods: This research follows the established positive relationship between health care use and access to health care services through insurance coverage. The paper analyzes how the Affordable Care Act (ACA) affected insurance coverage and access to health care services for obese and overweight individuals. A logistic regression was used on data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Results concluded that Georgia residents were less likely to have health insurance after the ACA was passed. Significant association between weight status and health care services through insurance coverage was not found. The results show that increased access to care including preventive services for obese and overweight post ACA is yet to be observed. Conclusions: Findings present a need for lawmakers to develop policy to promote insurance enrollment for Georgian residents. This is critical as the state sees an increase in overweight and obesity that are risk factor to many chronic disease conditions.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42795977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among People With Cardiovascular Diseases in Southeast Georgia","authors":"C. Okoli, Stacy L Carswell, Sewuese Akuse, K. Sullivan","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070203","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heart disease is a leading cause of death in the United States. Proper treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease is essential and can be challenged by non-disclosed use of complementary or alternative treatments. The objective of this study was to assess which demographics were associated with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and if education affects the use of CAM. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a stratified random sample of residents of Southeastern Georgia. Sampling was stratified by urban/rural residence in order to reach sufficient rural residents. Participants that indicated they had been diagnosed with hypertension or heart disease were included in this analysis. Participants also self-reported if they used CAM, their reasons for CAM use, frequency of CAM use, source of knowledge and level of satisfaction with CAM. Results: Among the 50 respondents with cardiovascular disease, 17 (34%) reported using CAM. The most commonly used type of CAM was vitamins and minerals (used by 26% or participants) followed by massage (19%) and relaxation/breathing (17%). CAM use was not associated with race, education, income, rural residence, smoking or quality of life, controlling for age and sex. Conclusions: Although there were no associations of socio-demographic characteristics and CAM use, this study highlights the prevalence of CAM use among individuals with heart disease and types of CAM frequently used. These findings should drive future, larger studies to further understand treatment decisions of rural patients with cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45803313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Housing Quality to Reduce Asthma Rates and Healthcare Costs in Athens-Clarke County, GA","authors":"S. Harris, J. M. Johnston, M. Bowie, G. Adams","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that often develops from controllable environmental factors, such as poor air quality. Our study examined the relationship between mold in the home, which compromises indoor air quality, and asthma prevalence in Athens-Clarke County (ACC), Georgia. Methods: Data from the Athens Wellbeing Project’s 2016 survey of 1,354 households in ACC was employed to examine indoor air quality and asthma prevalence in ACC. We provided descriptive statistics to examine asthma prevalence and asthma predictors, including the proportion of respondents reporting mold and pest problems, smoking prevalence, and the proportion of households reporting clinical obesity. We also examined demographic characteristics including race and ethnicity, educational attainment, home ownership status, and the percent of households in poverty at the 185% federal poverty line. We then employed a logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between asthma and housing quality. Results: The descriptive statistics showed that seven percent of the ACC population, 17% of households, reported there was at least one individual in the home diagnosed with asthma and nine percent of the county population experienced mold problems in the home. Logistic regression analysis showed households that reported mold problems were 11% more likely to report at least one person in the household had been diagnosed with asthma. Educational attainment and obesity were also significantly associated with asthma, though not as predictive of asthma as mold. Conclusions: Strong statistical associations were found between indoor air quality and asthma prevalence in ACC. Improving housing quality by intervening on mold has the potential to reduce asthma rates, thereby increasing individual and community wellbeing. Our results have implications for the state of Georgia and the United States, as asthma prevalence is comparable throughout. This research adds to the body of literature focusing on the link between indoor air quality and asthma.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49209660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights in Health Administration Education: Understanding the Role of Personality in Teamwork","authors":"L. Clack, E. Droste","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070208","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Developing a health promotion program plan requires attention to the links between objectives, activities, and overall program goals. Instructors developed the “Connecting the Dots” worksheet to help students establish these linkages. Methods: The “Connecting the Dots” worksheet included six questions pertinent to the students’ health promotion program plans. The worksheet was given to the students in a flipped classroom setting. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the tool was based upon group presentations at the end of the semester. Results: Students developed more viable program plans that included stronger links between objectives and corresponding program activities. Conclusions: The “Connecting the Dots” worksheet is a promising tool for engaging public health students in the process of developing health promotion program plans.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42718302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Characteristics of Physicians That Leave Georgia After Medical School Training","authors":"E. Akowuah, Fedelis Mutiso, Samuel T. Opoku, Bettye A Apenteng","doi":"10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/JGPHA.2019.070211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42961912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Violence Among Female West African Asylum Seekers in Atlanta: a Qualitative Analysis","authors":"J. Curtis, Dabney P. Evans","doi":"10.20429/jgpha.2019.070209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20429/jgpha.2019.070209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As the world faces the greatest number of displaced persons in history, it is urgent for countries offering refuge and asylum to understand the needs of these vulnerable populations. Asylum seekers face great uncertainty in the US legal system, and female asylum seekers often face additional challenges. The Atlanta Asylum Network (AAN) facilitates access to low or nocost physical, psychological and gynecological evaluations to enable a fair and complete judicial process. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the presence of various types of violence experienced by a population of female West African asylum seekers, and to make recommendations of how asylum policies can be applied more fairly. Methods: Qualitative analysis was conducted on 15 narrative affidavits from female West African clients of the AAN. These affidavits serve as a legal record of the persecution the asylum seeker faced in their home country. Based in grounded theory, the analysis consisted of data memoing, coding, and the development of thick descriptions. The analysis outcomes were reviewed to ensure they were grounded in the data, with special attention paid to outliers. Results: The key themes that emerged throughout analysis centered on experiences of structural violence and interpersonal violence, as well as significant examples of interaction between the two types. There were also clear differences between the experiences of two deductive subgroups: Gender-based and Gender-biased. Conclusions: In the US asylum process, cases of structural violence tend to be favored over cases of interpersonal violence. However, actual experiences show this is often a false dichotomy. For example, interpersonal violence can become structural when the government fails to protect the victim or punish the perpetrator. Asylum seekers should emphasize experiences of intersectional violence, and asylum law should be more consistently applied through acknowledgement of this complexity and codification in legal guidelines.","PeriodicalId":73981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45860830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}