Journal of neuroendovascular therapy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Early Recurrence after Coil Embolization for Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms.","authors":"Shin Yamashita, Tomoko Eto, Shinji Takahashi, Yuta Hamamoto, Terukazu Kuramoto, Masaru Hirohata, Motohiro Morioka","doi":"10.5797/jnet.oa.2024-0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5797/jnet.oa.2024-0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We retrospectively examined the risk factors for early recurrence in patients with ruptured anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms who underwent coil embolization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four patients with ruptured AcomA aneurysms who underwent coil embolization between January 2012 and June 2021 were included. Patient backgrounds, anatomical features, intraoperative anticoagulation, and radiological findings before and after treatment were reviewed retrospectively. Univariate analysis was performed separately for each item investigated in the early recurrence (ER) and non-early recurrence (NER) groups. Additionally, the relationship between changes in embolic status (Raymond-Roy classification [RRC]) from immediately after surgery to 2 weeks later and severity of disease was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Re-treatment was performed in a total of 8 (18.2%) cases. Two cases were detected and treated in the chronic phase with no re-rupture. In the ER group, 6 (13.6%) cases had RRC class 3 filling without evidence of coil compaction on digital subtraction angiography performed 2 weeks after the initial embolization, and were re-treated. The mean intraoperative activated clotting time (ACT; <i>p</i> = 0.0226; NER median 189.5 s, ER median 149 s), contralateral A1 diameter (<i>p</i> = 0.0264; NER median 0.85 mm, ER median 0.26 mm), and volume embolization rate (VER; <i>p</i> = 0.02, NER median 35.57%, ER median 20.86%) were significantly lower in the ER group. The more severe the Hunt and Hess grade, the worse the embolic condition (RRC) tended to be after 2 weeks (<i>p</i> = 0.0339).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, factors such as low intraoperative ACT, low VER, contralateral A1 hypoplasia, and condition severity may be associated with early recurrence after acute coil embolization for ruptured AcomA aneurysms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Direct Internal Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula in a Patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Case Study on Selective Transvenous Embolization Using Coils and <i>N</i>-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate.","authors":"Akina Hirohashi, Shunsaku Goto, Eiki Imaoka, Masahiro Nishihori, Takashi Izumi, Shinsuke Muraoka, Nobuhiko Mizutani, Satoshi Ito, Ryuta Saito","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Direct carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a common neurovascular complication associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Nevertheless, reports indicate a significant incidence of treatment-related complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of right CCF in a 28-year-old female with EDS. Femoral artery and vein punctures were performed under ultrasound guidance. We executed transvenous embolization (TVE) of the draining veins and the shunted fistula using a combination of coils and <i>n</i>-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), facilitated by an assisted transarterial balloon. The CCF resolved without any procedural complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing a combination of coils and NBCA in TVE is seen as a safe and efficient method for addressing CCF in patients with EDS. It enables preserving better visualization of the cavernous sinus and adjacent structures, making this approach particularly effective. By keeping a close watch, monitoring for potential high-risk complications, and strategically placing devices between the arterial and venous sides, the arterial puncture profile is reduced, enabling safer endovascular treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Devices and Techniques.","authors":"","doi":"10.5797/jnet.err.2025-1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5797/jnet.err.2025-1000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.5797/jnet.ra.2023-0054.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Treatment of Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula in a Patient with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.","authors":"Saujanya Rajbhandari, Sara Pilgram-Pastor, Johannes Kaesmacher, Eike Piechowiak, Vuilleumier Sébastian, Werner Z'Graggen, David Bervini, Maria Nucera, Jan Gralla, Florian Schoenhoff, Tomas Dobrocky","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0026","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by mutations in the genes encoding transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). LDS is often associated with arterial tortuosity, aortic aneurysm, hypertelorism, and bifid uvula. Patients with LDS are at increased risk for vascular events due to aortic or cerebral aneurysms. We present the 1st reported instance of a carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) in a patient with LDS.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 50-year-old male with LDS due to a pathogenic <i>TGFBR2</i> variant presented with a 9-month history of bilateral tinnitus, right-sided exophthalmos, and conjunctival chemosis. Imaging revealed a direct Barrow type A CCF between the ventral wall of the internal carotid artery and the right cavernous sinus. The patient underwent transarterial embolization of the CCF using coils and 1 vial of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer. Postoperatively, the patient showed marked clinical improvement, with the resolution of pulsatile tinnitus and a gradual reduction of right-sided exophthalmos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates the successful endovascular management of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula in a patient with LDS. Careful pre-interventional imaging to rule out aortic aneurysm and meticulous catheter handling are necessary to achieve successful embolization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Distal Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion in Which Angiography during Mechanical Thrombectomy Revealed a Shunt between the Internal Carotid Artery and the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report.","authors":"Atsuhiro Kojima, Isako Saga, Mariko Fukumura","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0033","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We report a patient with occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA), in whom angiography during mechanical thrombectomy revealed a shunt between the ICA and the cavernous sinus.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 79-year-old man with bile duct cancer, a liver abscess, septic shock, and atrial fibrillation presented to our hospital with sudden disturbance of consciousness, conjugate eye deviation, and right hemiplegia. A cranial CT revealed a hyperdense middle cerebral artery (MCA) and loss of gray-white matter differentiation, suggesting large vessel occlusion. Endovascular therapy was immediately initiated. Left internal carotid angiography indicated occlusion of the distal ICA at the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Injection of contrast medium at a site just proximal to the ICA occlusion depicted the cavernous sinus and inferior petrosal sinus. We withdrew the aspiration catheter to the petrous segment of the ICA and injected contrast medium again. This time, however, neither the cavernous sinus nor the inferior petrosal sinus was visualized. We deployed a stent retriever at the occlusion site and successfully removed the thrombus. The final angiography showed complete recanalization of the affected arterial segment with no sign of a carotid cavernous fistula. The patient was finally discharged on day 73 after endovascular therapy with a cerebral infarction in the territory of the left MCA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present case, angiographic visualization of the cavernous sinus varied depending on the site of contrast medium injection. It appears that the high pressure of the contrast medium generated in the stump of the ICA opened up microvascular shunts between the normal capillaries of the ICA and the cavernous sinus, leading to visualization of the cavernous sinus. Therefore, it is important to be aware that injection of contrast medium into the blind alley of the ICA near the cavernous sinus could result in early visualization of the cavernous sinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12185224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection of Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Using Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring during Coil Embolization of an Intracranial Aneurysm.","authors":"Ken Takahashi, Toshiyuki Onda, Yoshinori Kurauchi, Shigeru Inamura, Masayoshi Takigami, Masahiko Daibou, Tadashi Nonaka","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0039","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2025-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of endovascular procedures with an incompletely understood pathophysiology. Its intraoperative detection under general anesthesia can be challenging. We present a case of CIE occurring during aneurysm embolization, demonstrating varying severity across procedures and suggesting that somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) may help in early recognition.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 63-year-old woman underwent endovascular coil embolization for a ruptured distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysm under general anesthesia, with intraoperative transcranial SEP monitoring. Contrast injection from the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) during the procedure caused transient SEP attenuation, leading to mild post-procedural paresis and sensory impairment in the patient, both of which resolved within days. Six months later, DSA from the common carotid artery confirmed coil compaction. The patient underwent the examination and showed no signs of developing neurological symptoms. Repeat embolization was performed in the following month. During the 2nd procedure, contrast injection from the C1 segment of the ICA resulted in complete loss of left lower limb SEP. Immediately after the procedure, she exhibited mild left lower limb paresis and sensory impairment. Immediate postoperative cone-beam CT revealed contrast enhancement in the right hemisphere, leading to a diagnosis of CIE. On the following day, she developed left hemispatial neglect, along with worsening left hemiparesis and sensory impairment, despite no apparent abnormalities on MRI. The deficits improved with steroid therapy and were resolved by day 6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoperative SEP monitoring may be useful for the early detection of CIE during aneurysm embolization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.","authors":"Hikaru Nakamura, Yoichi Morofuji, Kazuaki Okamura, Takeshi Hiu, Takayuki Matsuo","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0047","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is rare, occurring in approximately 0.3%-0.5% of the population. In endovascular treatment (EVT), the left internal jugular vein (IJV) is approached via the left innominate vein from the superior vena cava; however, the left innominate vein is occasionally absent in patients with PLSVC. Careful consideration is required when performing EVT, particularly transvenous embolization (TVE).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 70-year-old female presented with a left cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula. Left external carotid angiography findings showed that multiple feeders from the ascending pharyngeal artery, accessory meningeal artery, middle meningeal artery, and the artery of the foramen rotundum had formed a shunted pouch posterolateral to the left cavernous sinus. We initially planned to perform a TVE via the right femoral vein. However, PLSVC was detected on common carotid artery angiography. Consequently, a TVE via the left IJV and coil embolization were performed, resulting in the disappearance of the shunt. The patient was discharged without neurological deficits. PLSVC is a rarely observed thoracic venous malformation, with few reports concerning its management in cerebrovascular EVT. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is useful for diagnosis; however, most patients with PLSVC are clinically asymptomatic and this abnormality is typically an incidental finding, remaining challenging to detect during a preoperative examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is essential to consider the possibility of PLSVC and to verify the appropriate access route, including the right atrial level and the venous phase, during preoperative cerebral angiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NBCA: Basic Knowledge.","authors":"Naoya Kidani, Nobuyuki Hirotsune","doi":"10.5797/jnet.ra.2024-0055","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.ra.2024-0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various types of embolic substances are used in endovascular therapy, and understanding their characteristics, including shape and kinetics, is essential for proper use. Cyanoacrylate is a typical liquid embolization agent that can be applied to many cerebral neurovascular lesions. It is injected as a mixture with ethiodized oil to provide radiopacity and regulate the polymerization rate. This review describes the characteristics, action mechanisms, techniques of use, and potential pitfalls of using cyanoacrylate-ethiodized oil mixtures for embolization.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subarachnoid Hemorrhage after Resuscitation from Cardiopulmonary Arrest: A Comparison of Survivor and Dead Cases.","authors":"Kyosuke Matsunaga, Takao Hashimoto, Muneaki Kikuno, Hiroki Sakamoto, Hirofumi Okada, Michihiro Kohno","doi":"10.5797/jnet.oa.2024-0079","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.oa.2024-0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The prognosis of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) who also develop cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is highly unfavorable, and hence they are often not aggressively treated. Presently, the therapeutic indications and factors that affect the prognosis of patients who experienced CPA remain unclear. Therefore, we analyzed SAH patients who experienced CPA, comparing the characteristics of the patients who survived with those who did not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 36 patients were divided into the survivor group (n = 4) and the dead group (n = 32). The patient's age, sex, location of the aneurysm, the presence of intracranial hematoma, duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the presence/absence of bystanders, initial electrocardiogram waveform, recovery of brainstem reflexes with motor response, and administration of vasopressors were compared between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in age, sex, location of the aneurysm, and presence of intracranial hematoma between the 2 groups. More than 90% of patients in the dead group had a non-shockable rhythm on the initial electrocardiogram waveform. The duration of CPR in the survivor group tended to be shorter than that in the dead group. Bystander CPR was performed on 14 patients, including all 4 of the survivors. All patients in the survivor group achieved recovery of brainstem reflexes with motor response. In the survivor group, all patients either did not need or only transiently needed the administration of vasopressors after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analysis suggested the following as favorable prognostic factors in SAH patients with CPA: shockable arrhythmia on the initial electrocardiogram waveform, young age, bystander CPR, a short time from CPA to ROSC, recovery of brainstem reflexes with a motor response, and no or transient use of vasopressors. Our results indicate that aggressive treatment may be indicated in SAH patients with CPA who have stable vitals and show improvements in neurological symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11864998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143525422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Thrombectomy for Cerebral Venous Sinus Occlusion Due to Ewing Sarcoma: A Case Report.","authors":"Ryota Hagihara, Ken Matsuda, Munetaka Yomo, Satoshi Hirose, Hidetaka Arishima, Kenichiro Kikuta","doi":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0119","DOIUrl":"10.5797/jnet.cr.2024-0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with Ewing sarcoma invasion into the venous sinus.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 48-year-old woman presented to our hospital with left hemifacial paralysis. The patient had undergone surgical treatment for left subclavian Ewing sarcoma 24 years ago. Furthermore, the patient had undergone tumor resection for very late metastasis in the left occipital bone and mastoid air cells 3 years prior to her admission. As the Ewing sarcoma had extended to the left transverse sinus, the sinus was resected during craniotomy. The tumor remained in the mastoid air cells, and radiotherapy was administered. On admission to our hospital, FLAIR revealed hyper-intensities in the straight sinus and the superior sagittal sinus. Magnetic resonance venography revealed no signal in the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus and the bilateral transverse sinuses. The patient was diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and anticoagulation therapy was administered. However, the swelling and pain on the left side of the face worsened, and intraocular pressure (IOP) increased. Therefore, an MT was performed. After endovascular treatment, the patient's facial swelling and pain were reduced, and IOP returned to normal. Pathological examination of the captured thrombus revealed tumor cells, suggesting venous sinus invasion of Ewing sarcoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although it was a palliative treatment, MT was effective in confirming the diagnosis of tumor invasion into the venous sinus and improving the patient's quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":73856,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neuroendovascular therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}