Journal of negative results in biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation in patients with atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion.","authors":"Franjo Naji,&nbsp;Miso Sabovic","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently few studies tried to confirm the association between AF and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), however the results remained conflicted. In present study we evaluated the possible interaction between Lp(a), inflammatory state and echocardiographic characteristics in patients after successful electrical cardioversion (EC) of persistent AF. We also tried to investigate the role of Lp(a) as a possible prognostic factor for AF recurrence after successful EC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data of 79 patients admitted due to planned EC was analyzed. After successful procedure patients were monitored for 2 years. For analytical purposes patients were divided in two groups according to AF recurrence. There was no significant difference between Lp(a) levels in both groups. We also didn't find any positive correlation between Lp(a) and CRP levels, as well as between Lp(a) levels and left atrium diameter. For logistic and survival analysis optimal cut-off value of Lp(a)≥0.32 (upper quartile) was used. In logistic regression model with AF recurrence as dependent variable Lp(a) didn't show any statistically significant association with AF recurrence. Survival analysis showed slightly higher AF recurrence rate in group with higher Lp(a) levels but not to the level of statistical significance (log rank test, p=0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We weren't able to confirm the association between Lp(a) levels and AF recurrence, inflammation and left atrium diameter in patients after successful EC of persistent AF. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of Lp(a) in this clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30250080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Stages of Change model to Type 2 diabetes care in Trinidad: a randomised trial.","authors":"V A Partapsingh, R G Maharaj, J M Rawlins","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-13","DOIUrl":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To improve glycaemic control among Type 2 diabetics using patient-physician consultations guided by the Stages of Change (SOC) model.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>A randomised trial was conducted. After ensuring concealment of allocation, Type 2 diabetics were randomly assigned to receive the intervention or the control. The intervention consisted of identifying each patient's Stage of Change for managing their diabetes by diet, exercise and medications, and applying personalised, stage-specific care during the patient-physician consultations based on the SOC model. Patients in the control group received routine care. The variables of interest were effect on glycaemic control (measured by the difference in HbA1c levels) and patients' readiness to change (measured by identifying patients' SOC for managing their diabetes by diet, exercise and medications).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants were primarily over age 50, male and Indo-Trinidadian. Most had received only a primary school education and over 65% had a monthly income of $320 USD/month or less. Sixty-one Type 2 diabetics participated in each arm. Three patients were lost to follow-up in the intervention arm. After 48 weeks, there was an overall increase in HbA1c of 0.52% (SE 0.17) and 1.09% (SE 0.18) for both the intervention and control groups respectively. There was a relative reduction in HbA1c of 0.57% (95% CI 0.07, 1.07) with the intervention group compared to the control (p = 0.025). For exercise and diet there was an overall tendency for participants in the intervention arm to move to a more favourable SOC, but little change was noted with regards medication use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The result suggests a tendency to a worsening of glycaemic control in this population despite adopting more favourable SOC for diet and exercise. We hypothesized that harsh social conditions prevailing at the time of the study overrode the clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3219566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30200672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The KCNE genes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a candidate gene study.","authors":"Paula L Hedley,&nbsp;Ole Haundrup,&nbsp;Paal S Andersen,&nbsp;Frederik H Aidt,&nbsp;Morten Jensen,&nbsp;Johanna C Moolman-Smook,&nbsp;Henning Bundgaard,&nbsp;Michael Christiansen","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gene family KCNE1-5, which encode modulating β-subunits of several repolarising K+-ion channels, has been associated with genetic cardiac diseases such as long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome. The minK peptide, encoded by KCNE1, is attached to the Z-disc of the sarcomere as well as the T-tubules of the sarcolemma. It has been suggested that minK forms part of an \"electro-mechanical feed-back\" which links cardiomyocyte stretching to changes in ion channel function. We examined whether mutations in KCNE genes were associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic disease associated with an improper hypertrophic response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The coding regions of KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNE3, KCNE4, and KCNE5 were examined, by direct DNA sequencing, in a cohort of 93 unrelated HCM probands and 188 blood donor controls.Fifteen genetic variants, four previously unknown, were identified in the HCM probands. Eight variants were non-synonymous and one was located in the 3'UTR-region of KCNE4. No disease-causing mutations were found and no significant difference in the frequency of genetic variants was found between HCM probands and controls. Two variants of likely functional significance were found in controls only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mutations in KCNE genes are not a common cause of HCM and polymorphisms in these genes do not seem to be associated with a propensity to develop arrhythmia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30181522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False rumours of disease outbreaks caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) in the whiteleg shrimp in Asia.","authors":"Saengchan Senapin,&nbsp;Kornsunee Phiwsaiya,&nbsp;Warachin Gangnonngiw,&nbsp;Timothy W Flegel","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) disease outbreaks in cultivated whiteleg shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei are characterized by gross signs of whitened abdominal muscles and by slow mortality reaching up to 70%. In 2006 the first disease outbreaks caused by IMNV in Asia occurred in Indonesia. Since then rumours have periodically circulated about IMNV disease outbreaks in other Asian countries. Our findings indicate that these are false rumours.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our continual testing by nested RT-PCR of shrimp samples suspected of IMNV infection from various Asian countries since 2006 has yielded negative results, except for samples from Indonesia. Our results are supported by the lack of official reports of IMNV outbreaks since January 2007 in the Quarterly Report on Aquatic Animal Diseases (QAAD) from the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia Pacific (NACA). In most cases, our shrimp samples for which tissue sections were possible showed signs of muscle cramp syndrome that also commonly causes muscle whitening in stressed whiteleg shrimp. Thus, we suspect that most of the false rumours in Asia about IMNV outside of Indonesia have resulted because of muscle cramp syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results from continual testing of suspected IMNV outbreaks in Asian countries other than Indonesia since 2006 and the lack of official country reports of IMNV outbreaks since January 2007, indicate that rumours of IMNV outbreaks in Asian countries outside of Indonesia are false. We suspect that confusion has arisen because muscle cramp syndrome causes similar signs of whitened tail muscles in whiteleg shrimp.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30051774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human MMP28 expression is unresponsive to inflammatory stimuli and does not correlate to the grade of intervertebral disc degeneration.","authors":"Marina Klawitter,&nbsp;Lilian Quero,&nbsp;Alessando Bertolo,&nbsp;Marco Mehr,&nbsp;Jivko Stoyanov,&nbsp;Andreas G Nerlich,&nbsp;Juergen Klasen,&nbsp;Nikolaus Aebli,&nbsp;Norbert Boos,&nbsp;Karin Wuertz","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>MMP28 (epilysin) is a recently discovered member of the MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) family that is, amongst others, expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage and intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue. In this study the hypothesis that increased expression of MMP28 correlates with higher grades of degeneration and is stimulated by the presence of proinflammatory molecules was tested. Gene expression levels of MMP28 were investigated in traumatic and degenerative human IVD tissue and correlated to the type of disease and the degree of degeneration (Thompson grade). Quantification of MMP28 gene expression in human IVD tissue or in isolated cells after stimulation with the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or the histondeacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A was performed by real-time RT PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While MMP28 expression was increased in individual cases with trauma or disc degeneration, there was no significant correlation between the grade of disease and MMP28 expression. Stimulation with LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α or trichostatin A did not alter MMP28 gene expression at any investigated time point or any concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that gene expression of MMP28 in the IVD is not regulated by inflammatory mechanisms, is donor-dependent and cannot be positively or negatively linked to the grade of degeneration and only weakly to the occurrence of trauma. New hypotheses and future studies are needed to find the role of MMP28 in the intervertebral disc.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29900141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal complaints in runners are not due to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.","authors":"Kai Schommer,&nbsp;Dejan Reljic,&nbsp;Peter Bärtsch,&nbsp;Peter Sauer","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal complaints are common among long distance runners. We hypothesised that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is present in long distance runners frequently afflicted with gastrointestinal complaints.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Seven long distance runners (5 female, mean age 29.1 years) with gastrointestinal complaints during and immediately after exercise without known gastrointestinal diseases performed Glucose hydrogen breath tests for detection of SIBO one week after a lactose hydrogen breath test checking for lactose intolerance. The most frequent symptoms were diarrhea (5/7, 71%) and flatulence (6/7, 86%). The study was conducted at a laboratory.In none of the subjects a pathological hydrogen production was observed after the intake of glucose. Only in one athlete a pathological hydrogen production was measured after the intake of lactose suggesting lactose intolerance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gastrointestinal disorders in the examined long distance runners were not associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30036959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological grading of pediatric ependymoma: reproducibility and clinical relevance in European trial cohorts.","authors":"David W Ellison,&nbsp;Mehmet Kocak,&nbsp;Dominique Figarella-Branger,&nbsp;Giangaspero Felice,&nbsp;Godfraind Catherine,&nbsp;Torsten Pietsch,&nbsp;Didier Frappaz,&nbsp;Maura Massimino,&nbsp;Jacques Grill,&nbsp;James M Boyett,&nbsp;Richard G Grundy","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Histopathological grading of ependymoma has been controversial with respect to its reproducibility and clinical significance. In a 3-phase study, we reviewed the pathology of 229 intracranial ependymomas from European trial cohorts of infants (2 trials - SFOP/CNS9204) and older children (2 trials - AIEOP/CNS9904) to assess both diagnostic concordance among five neuropathologists and the prognostic utility of histopathological variables, particularly tumor grading.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In phase 1, using WHO criteria and without first discussing any issue related to grading ependymomas, pathologists assessed and independently graded ependymomas from 3 of 4 trial cohorts. Diagnosis of grade II ependymoma was less frequent than grade III, a difference that increased when one cohort (CNS9204) was reassessed in phase 2, during which the pathologists discussed ependymoma grading, jointly reviewed all CNS9204 tumors, and defined a novel grading system based on the WHO classification. In phase 3, repeat independent review of two cohorts (SFOP/CNS9904) using the novel system was associated with a substantial increase in concordance on grading. Extent of tumor resection was significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) in SFOP and AIEOP, but not in CNS9204 and CNS9904. Strength of consensus on grade was significantly associated with PFS in only one trial cohort (AIEOP). Consensus on the scoring of individual histopathological features (necrosis, angiogenesis, cell density, and mitotic activity) correlated with PFS in AIEOP, but in no other trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that concordance on grading ependymomas can be improved by using a more prescribed scheme based on the WHO classification. Unfortunately, this appears to have utility in limited clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29903049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No connection between the level of exposition to statins in the population and the incidence/mortality of acute myocardial infarction: an ecological study based on Sweden's municipalities.","authors":"Staffan Nilsson,&nbsp;Sigvard Mölstad,&nbsp;Catarina Karlberg,&nbsp;Jan-Erik Karlsson,&nbsp;Lars-Göran Persson","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Randomised controlled trials have shown an excellent preventive effect of statins on ischemic heart disease. Our objective was to investigate if a relation can be detected between acute myocardial infarction- (AMI) mortality or incidence and statin utilisation, for men and women in different age-groups on a population basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The utilisation rate of statins increased almost three times for both men and women between 1998 and 2002. During 1998-2000 the incidence of AMI decreased clearly for men but only slightly for women. Mortality decreased from 1998 to 2002. The change in statin utilisation from 1998 to 2000 showed no correlation to the change in AMI mortality from 2000 to 2002. Statin utilisation and AMI- incidence or mortality showed no correlations when adjusting for socio-economic deprivation, antidiabetic drugs and geographic coordinates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a widespread and increasing utilisation of statins, no correlation to the incidence or mortality of AMI could be detected. Other factors than increased statin treatment should be analysed especially when discussing the allocation of public resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40106587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CTGF -945GC polymorphism is not associated with plasma CTGF and does not predict nephropathy or outcome in type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Amélie Dendooven,&nbsp;Tri Q Nguyen,&nbsp;Lodewijk Brosens,&nbsp;Dongxia Li,&nbsp;Lise Tarnow,&nbsp;Hans-Henrik Parving,&nbsp;Peter Rossing,&nbsp;Roel Goldschmeding","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The -945GC polymorphism (rs6918698) in the connective tissue growth factor gene promoter (CTGF/CCN-2) has been associated with end organ damage in systemic sclerosis. Because CTGF is important in progression of diabetic kidney disease, we investigated whether the -945GC polymorphism is associated with plasma CTGF level and outcome in type 1 diabetes. The study cohort consisted of 448 diabetic nephropathy patients and 419 normoalbuminuric diabetic patients with complete data concerning renal function and cardiovascular characteristics. Genomic DNA was genotyped by a QPCR-based SNP assay. We observed no relation between the -945GC polymorphism and plasma CTGF level, and the genotype frequencies were not different in nephropathy patients vs. normoalbuminuric controls. General and cardiovascular mortality, and renal function decline was similar in patients with CC, CG or GG genotypes. In conclusion, the -945GC SNP does not affect plasma CTGF levels, incidence and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy, and cardiovascular outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29863534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis patients in northwest Greece.","authors":"Chrissa Sioka,&nbsp;Stylianos Papakonstantinou,&nbsp;Sofia Markoula,&nbsp;Foteini Gkartziou,&nbsp;Athanasia Georgiou,&nbsp;Ioannis Georgiou,&nbsp;Sygliti-Henrietta Pelidou,&nbsp;Athanassios P Kyritsis,&nbsp;Andreas Fotopoulos","doi":"10.1186/1477-5751-10-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-10-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been linked to both multiple sclerosis (MS) and osteoporosis. We examined the frequency of the Taq-I and Bsm-I polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene in 69 patients with MS and 81 age and sex-matched healthy individuals. Genotyping of Taq-I (rs731236) and Bsm-I (rs1544410) was performed using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. All patients and controls had determination of body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) and smoking history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients was 39 ± 10.5 years compared to 38.7 ± 10.7 years of the controls (p = 0.86), the BMI was 24.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2 compared to 25.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2 of the controls (p = 0.23), the BMD in the lumbar spine 0.981 ± 0.15 compared to 1.025 ± 013 of the controls (p = 0.06) and the total hip BMD was 0.875 ± 0.14 compared to 0.969 ± 0.12 of the controls (p < 0.001). There were no differences of the Taq-I (TT, CT, CC) and Bsm-I genotypes (GG, GA, AA) and allelic frequencies between MS and control individuals. Multivariate analysis also failed to show any association of the Taq-I and Bsm-I polymorphisms and MS or sex, BMI, BMD and smoking history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that the Taq-I and Bsm-I polymorphisms of the VDR gene are not associated with MS risk, BMI or BMD in the Greek population studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":73849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of negative results in biomedicine","volume":"10 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/1477-5751-10-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29860789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}