Journal of illicit economies and development最新文献

Illicit Markets and Violence in Afghanistan: Avenues for Understanding the Use of Targeted Violence and its Implications in Afghan Illicit Economies 阿富汗的非法市场和暴力:了解阿富汗非法经济中使用有针对性的暴力及其影响的途径

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.165

Ana Paula de Carvalho Oliveira

{"title":"Illicit Markets and Violence in Afghanistan: Avenues for Understanding the Use of Targeted Violence and its Implications in Afghan Illicit Economies","authors":"Ana Paula de Carvalho Oliveira","doi":"10.31389/jied.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31389/jied.165","url":null,"abstract":"Afghanistan experienced a marked rise in violent crimes, including kidnappings and armed robbery in 2021. The reported increase in targeted attacks against civilians in the country, specifically regarding women human rights defenders and media workers, had already raised concerns in the period preceding the Taliban takeover. These events and the changing nature of the killings—from widespread casualties to targeted violence—underscored the need for a nuanced examination of the different ways conflict and crime converge to create conditions that incentivise violent actors and instability. This paper looks at these issues through the lens of illicit market violence in Afghanistan. It explores its potential as a key proxy to project current and future trends of other illicit and criminal market development in the country. The paper suggests a framework for further research to examine the evolution of illicit markets in Afghanistan by using a methodologically sound proxy indicator of such violence. First, it draws on a literature review on violence related to illicit markets and presents the methodology developed by the Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GI-TOC) to research assassinations. Second, the paper undertakes a focused literature review on targeted violence in Afghanistan, focusing particularly on the 2020–2021 period. The variables taken from the GI-TOC methodology are applied to the literature review to map recent trends using targeted killings and other metrics of illicit market violence. It presents a preliminary analysis of how targeted violence could be used to inform the analysis of illicit economies and its shifts in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":73784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illicit economies and development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intimate Crimes: Kidnapping, Gangs and Trust in Mexico City by Rolando Ochoa 《亲密犯罪:墨西哥城的绑架、帮派与信任》，罗兰多·奥乔亚著

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.187

R. V. Gundur

引用次数: 0

The Amazon in the Crossfire. Review of the Special Chapter of the UN World Drug Report 2023 on the Amazon Basin 交叉地带的亚马逊河流域。审查《2023年联合国世界毒品报告》关于亚马逊盆地的特别章节

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.218

Daniel Brombacher, Hector Fabio Santos

引用次数: 0

Acknowledging Cocaine Capital in Central American Development 承认可卡因资本在中美洲发展中的作用

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.31389/jied.110

Z. Pearson, Alexandre Skiba, K. McSweeney, E. Nielsen, Justin T. Piccorelli

引用次数: 0

The Public’s Perception of the Seriousness of Environmental Crimes Related to Environmental Pollution and Illegal Waste Trade. A Case Study of the Province of Brescia, Italy 公众对与环境污染和非法废物贸易有关的环境犯罪严重性的认识。以意大利布雷西亚省为例

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.31389/jied.147

L. Olivi

{"title":"The Public’s Perception of the Seriousness of Environmental Crimes Related to Environmental Pollution and Illegal Waste Trade. A Case Study of the Province of Brescia, Italy","authors":"L. Olivi","doi":"10.31389/jied.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31389/jied.147","url":null,"abstract":"This original research delves into the public’s awareness of environmental crimes related to pollution and illegal waste operations in Brescia, Italy. It investigates residents’ perceptions of the seriousness of environmental crimes occurring in their proximity. Brescia is an ideal location for this type of study as it features the largest density of dumpsites in Northern Italy and nationwide concerning polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination rates. This article combines the theoretical approaches of green criminology and sociology to qualitatively explain public perception regarding victimless crimes and slow violence. The data derives from content analysis performed on open-ended responses to an online survey. The findings support a framework to explore the perception of environmental crimes’ seriousness, suggesting five essential aspects of analysis: the concepts of environment, crime, violence, harm, and victimization. It also assesses both how these perceptions change whenever organized crime groups are involved in illegal waste trade activities, and the human vulnerabilities that arise. The findings suggest the need for several interventions at the legislative level. It highlights how weaknesses within institutions make them inadequate to prevent corruption and illegal waste trade. There is also a lack of civil society engagement to counter these effects and an unsatisfactory way in which media channels circulate information concerning these crimes, showing that the phenomenon of the perceptions of environmental crimes is understudied","PeriodicalId":73784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of illicit economies and development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Measuring Malaysia’s Illicit Tobacco Trade: An Excise Tax Gap Analysis 衡量马来西亚非法烟草贸易:消费税缺口分析

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.31389/jied.151

Ridzuan Kunji Koya, J. Branston, A. Gallagher

引用次数: 0

Examining a Dataset on Gun Shows in the US, 2011–2019 研究2011-2019年美国枪支展数据集

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.31389/jied.146

David Pérez Esparza, Eugenio Weigend Vargas, Tony Payan, Carlos A. Pérez Ricart

引用次数: 0

Selling the Priceless Mushroom: A History of Psilocybin Mushroom Trade in the Sierra Mazateca (Oaxaca) 出售无价的蘑菇:马萨特卡山脉(瓦哈卡州)裸盖菇素贸易的历史

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.101

Marcos Garcia de Teresa

引用次数: 1

Legal and Illicit Sand Mining Practice in Bangladesh: Exploring Supply Chain and its Value 孟加拉国合法和非法采砂实践:探索供应链及其价值

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.149

Estiaque Bari, Sarah Enamul Haque

引用次数: 2

Special Section Introduction: Exploring the Nexus between Human Vulnerabilities and Environmental Crime 专题导论:探索人类脆弱性与环境犯罪之间的关系

Journal of illicit economies and development Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.31389/jied.154

Virginia Comolli, Alastair MacBeath

引用次数: 0