{"title":"Moral Injury in Correctional Health Care.","authors":"Stephanie Gangemi, Camille Dysart","doi":"10.1089/jchc.24.04.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.24.04.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the complex nature of correctional facilities, correctional health care professionals (CHPs) are at high risk of experiencing the harms of helping such as burnout, vicarious trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although traditionally applied to military populations, the construct of moral injury has gained increasing application to health care and bears relevance to correctional health care. This qualitative study examines the prevalence of moral injury among CHPs while considering the moral dilemmas and ethical challenges of delivering care in a carceral environment. Employing an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a diverse sample of CHPs, selected through nonprobability, purposive sampling. Rigorous thematic analysis, guided by IPA principles, was used. The data revealed five key themes: moral injury is an occupational hazard for correctional health care workers; incidental versus cumulative moral injury; role of institutional betrayal; the intersectional relationship among moral injury, PTSD, and burnout; and the road to moral repair. These themes offer insights into the prevalence and effects of moral injury in correctional health care while offering solutions to navigating moral injury. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex ethical and psychological dynamics within correctional health care settings and explore implications for practice, policy, and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"426-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Barnert, D Michael Applegarth, Christopher Bondoc, Christopher Biely, Kathryn M Leifheit, Christine Grella, Mitchell D Wong
{"title":"Prevalent Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Young Adults Returning Home From Jail: The Need for Trauma-Informed Reentry Services.","authors":"Elizabeth Barnert, D Michael Applegarth, Christopher Bondoc, Christopher Biely, Kathryn M Leifheit, Christine Grella, Mitchell D Wong","doi":"10.1089/jchc.24.02.0018","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.24.02.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the extent to which they relate to health among young adults (ages 18-25) returning home from jail is underexamined. To build on the growing literature examining associations between ACE exposure among young people involved with carceral systems and health, we (1) measured ACE prevalence and (2) explored associations between ACEs and health/well-being indicators among young adults experiencing reentry. Using a telephone survey on reentry experiences, participants completed an ACE screening, single-item responses on health and social indicators, and five-item responses on substance misuse. Fisher's exact tests and <i>t</i> tests compared sociodemographic and health-related factors by the levels of ACEs. Among the 85 participants, 66 (78%) reported four or more ACEs and 48 (56%) reported six or more ACEs, including divorced parents (<i>n</i> = 69, 81%), witnessing violence (<i>n</i> = 63, 74%), and household member incarceration (<i>n</i> = 60, 71%). Higher exposure to ACEs was associated with mental health diagnoses, psychiatric medication prescriptions, psychiatric hospitalizations, drug dependence, binge drinking, and cannabis misuse. High ACE exposure among young adults experiencing reentry portends worse mental health and high rates of substance use. Findings signify an opportunity to apply a trauma-focused developmental framework to support emerging adults during the crucial reentry period.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"398-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Letter.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/jchc.2024.98231.ed","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.2024.98231.ed","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"361-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Correctional Health Care: The Imperative of LPN Advancement to RN.","authors":"Jessica K Young","doi":"10.1089/jchc.24.03.0025","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.24.03.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This opinion consolidates regulatory frameworks, legal cases, workforce data, and research studies to advocate for the advancement of licensed practical nurses to registered nurses within correctional health care. By emphasizing adherence to nursing scope of practice and proposing a sustainable workforce development model, this article aims to enhance patient care and elevate standards in correctional facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"363-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catarina Correia-Garcia, Carlos Galhardo-Branco, Paulo Reis-Pina
{"title":"Facilitators and Barriers in Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Prisons.","authors":"Catarina Correia-Garcia, Carlos Galhardo-Branco, Paulo Reis-Pina","doi":"10.1089/jchc.24.03.0028","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.24.03.0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With an aging prison population facing various chronic diseases, the importance of palliative and end-of-life care (EOLC) in correctional facilities is heightened. This systematic review aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to palliative and EOLC in prisons. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for primary qualitative studies (January 2014 to December 2022) in English. Eligible studies focused on people in prison, health care professionals, administrators, and governors regarding palliative or EOLC provision within prison settings. Five studies were included, from Australia, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States, whose overall quality was moderate to high. Key facilitators included access to family, support from prison staff, specialized care availability, and cultural/spiritual support. Barriers encompassed discomfort, patient-clinician relationship constraints, time limitations, protocol uncertainty, restricted patient agency, negative attitudes, inequality, conflicting priorities, and lack of grief support. Addressing these barriers and leveraging facilitators will be crucial in ensuring equitable access to compassionate EOLC for individuals experiencing incarceration. Policymakers, health care providers, and correctional authorities must prioritize the enhancement of palliative care services within prisons, supported by further research and targeted interventions to address disparities and optimize care provision.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"414-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kiran Rodrigues, Matthew Murphy, Helen E Jack, Justin Berk
{"title":"Participation With Compensation: Ethical Considerations for Research Payment Practices With People Who Are Incarcerated.","authors":"Kiran Rodrigues, Matthew Murphy, Helen E Jack, Justin Berk","doi":"10.1089/jchc.24.01.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.24.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The participation of incarcerated individuals in research is necessary to appropriately address the health disparities that affect them and to adapt and implement health services for the carceral setting. Incarceration significantly impacts health, leading to negative outcomes including accelerated aging and increased mortality, with these effects disproportionately impacting communities of color. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Human Research Protections outlines ethical approaches to compensating individuals who participate in research activities, yet lacks specific guidance for payment within carceral settings. Historical abuses in carceral research underscore the persistent need for robust protections for incarcerated research participants. Existing regulations offer some protection but inadequately address ethical payment practices. Substantial variability in payment policies across carceral systems and vague national guidelines pose ethical challenges in ensuring equitable treatment for incarcerated research participants. We outline the ethical concerns related to compensating incarcerated individuals for participating in research and present a framework of approaches to payment. We argue for payment parity between incarcerated and community research participants. More community-engaged research is needed to understand the perspectives of incarcerated individuals on ethical payment.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"368-373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11698665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor's Letter.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/jchc.2024.30051.editorial","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.2024.30051.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"300-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of Rapid COVID-19 Testing in Criminal Justice Residential Reentry Sites.","authors":"Yvane Ngassa, Julie Finn, Lauren Brinkley Rubinstein, Alysse Wurcel","doi":"10.1089/jchc.23.09.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.23.09.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The goal was to study the implementation of rapid BINAX COVID-19 testing at criminal justice reentry sites, focusing on framework-guided implementation outcomes. We implemented rapid COVID-19 testing at nine reentry sites in four states (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and New York) and collected test results to measure the (1) adoptability and (2) implementability of COVID-19 testing at reentry sites. We collected data on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the implementation of COVID-19 testing using an anonymous employee Qualtrics survey. Testing was available to symptomatic and exposed residents and employees. COVID-19 testing results were collected from October 2021 to March 2022. Guided by the Expert Recommendations in Implementing Change (ERIC) framework, we chose nine implementation strategies to address barriers during the implementation process. Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility outcomes were captured from employees using validated measures. A total of 302 BINAX COVID-19 tests were used and 26 positive cases were identified. Forty-seven percent of employees participated in the survey. More than half of respondents either agreed or completely agreed with statements about the acceptability, appropriateness, or feasibility of COVID-19 testing. Funding and attention toward COVID-19 testing at reentry sites should be provided to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 in these sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"347-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Care for Aging Patients in the Correctional Setting.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/jchc.2024.89563.AP","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jchc.2024.89563.AP","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":"30 5","pages":"357-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142514199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaniel Grey Loyd, McKenna Gessner, Eileen Williams, Justin A Kahla, Marc Robinson
{"title":"Infectious Disease Education in a Carceral Setting: Insights from a Jail-Based Medical Student-Led Health Literacy Initiative.","authors":"Nathaniel Grey Loyd, McKenna Gessner, Eileen Williams, Justin A Kahla, Marc Robinson","doi":"10.1089/jchc.23.06.0050","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jchc.23.06.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incarceration is associated with adverse health outcomes, including higher rates of infectious diseases. Poor health literacy in this population is a likely contributing factor, making health education a potential tool to help address these health disparities. This article aims to describe the implementation of a novel medical student-led educational initiative in the jail setting as a tool to promote health literacy and decrease the infectious disease burden in the correctional setting. A four-part infectious disease health education curriculum was developed and tailored to a carceral context. The course was offered on a voluntary basis to members of a reentry program at a local county jail. Pre- and postcourse surveys were used to evaluate the course effectiveness. The results demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the participants' reported confidence for recognizing the symptoms of and seeking appropriate treatment for common infections, including sexually transmitted, respiratory, and blood-borne infections. To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first medical student-led programs of its kind to be described in existing literature. This program hopes to continue refining its curricular offerings and serve as a model for medical schools across the country to increase trainee engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":73693,"journal":{"name":"Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care","volume":" ","pages":"332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}