Journal of applied animal ethics research最新文献_第2页

Animal Sacrifice and Poor Outlook for Animal Welfare in Nepal 尼泊尔的动物祭祀和动物福利前景不佳

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1163/25889567-bja10041

Krishna Prasad Acharya, R. Trevor Wilson

引用次数: 0

Rational Hope for the Animal Rights Movement 动物权利运动的理性希望

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.02

Nico Dario Müller

引用次数: 0

The End of Animal Farming: How Scientists, Entrepreneurs, and Activists Are Building an Animal-Free Food System 动物养殖的终结:科学家、企业家和活动家如何建立一个无动物食品系统

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.21

B. V. E. Hyde

{"title":"The End of Animal Farming: How Scientists, Entrepreneurs, and Activists Are Building an Animal-Free Food System","authors":"B. V. E. Hyde","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"The history of humankind is a story of moral progress. The most notable proponents of this position are Steven Pinker (2011) and Michael Shermer (2015). Factory farming might look like a counterexample to this, but people are very concerned about animal ethics and have been for at least the last 40 years. Part of the reason why such an inconsistency can exist between moral consciousness and action is a certain wilful ignorance: 75% of Americans, for example, believe that they only eat meat, dairy, and eggs from humane sources, but more than 99% of animals in the United States live on concentrated animal feeding operations, or factory farms. As well as denial, David Livingstone Smith (2012) tells us that a common prerequisite to atrocities is dehumanization and the refusal of moral status.The notion of humane factory farming presents numerous challenges, particularly in terms of its practical implementation and scalability. To maintain a consistently high level of animal welfare across the industry, extensive regulations and enforcement mechanisms would be required, including regular independent inspections, livestreamed security footage, and increased allocation of space per animal. Moreover, the system would necessitate a substantial investment in veterinary care and medical supplies as well as the reversal of artificial breeding practices that prioritize rapid production of meat, milk and eggs. Presently, even the most conscientious farms fail to meet these welfare standards, implying that the costs associated with truly humane farming are prohibitively high. Given the projected global population of 10 billion by 2050, it is doubtful that humane animal farming can be feasibly scaled to meet the demands of such a populous world. Consequently, the complete abolition of factory farming seems to be the only viable solution.In The End of Animal Farming, Jacy Reese concerns himself with what to do about animal farming. He does not spend any real effort on making the moral case against it, which he assumes is fairly self-evident, but instead concentrates on solutions.Vegetarianism is one such solution with vegetarian alternatives multiplying rapidly. Plant-based agriculture focuses on producing protein-rich, nutrient-dense foods derived entirely from plants. This approach involves the development of novel food products that replicate the taste, texture, and nutritional profile of animal products without the need for animal farming. Hampton Creek, for example, has created an eggless egg; a reporter for Business Insider said that he was “blown away” and that its taste was “distinctly egg” (Brodwin, 2017). Meat alternatives are improving all the time, but one might be concerned about what improvement actually means. As a writer for Current Affairs also says, “plant-based burgers no longer taste like plants” (Robinson, 2018), suggesting that the determinant of progress is taste, just like the eggless egg was lauded for its tasting of egg. However, corresp","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Ethical View of Human-Animal Relations in the Ancient Near East 古代近东人与动物关系的伦理观

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.17

Alastair Harden

{"title":"An Ethical View of Human-Animal Relations in the Ancient Near East","authors":"Alastair Harden","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this new contribution to the Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics Series, Idan Breier of Bar-Ilan University explores animal ethics using a range of evidence from the Ancient Near East. Breier tackles a huge body of material through seven distinct but related thematic studies dealing with various genres of Near Eastern text and synoptic overviews of the evidence from the Hebrew Bible. His aim is to present an interdisciplinary study examining human-animal relations in two parts: secular literary texts from Mesopotamia (Chapters 2–4) and various portions of the Hebrew Bible (Chapters 5–8). The seven self-contained chapters are referenced with forensic detail, each with its own bibliography, and are thoroughly presented with a plethora of ancient evidence.In his introduction, Breier sets out his understanding of ethics in both its academic and its real-world settings and the history of animal ethics. He includes a short history of Mesopotamia condensed into a little over two pages; such heavy lifting, with its abundance of references and fulsome bibliography, is characteristic of the book's generous scene-setting for newcomers.The first study (Chapter 2) focuses on Sumerian proverbs of the early second millennium BC. It follows a species-by-species structure divided into “Wild” and “Domestic.” After a well-researched zoological overview of a specific species, we are shown its role in the life of a Mesopotamian human followed by a handful of illustrative examples from the Sumerian proverbs and lastly some conclusions on the relevant lessons from the texts. Following the old maxim of animals being “good to think with,” Breier argues that these uncloistered sayings were “designed to instill values that enable a person to prosper and succeed in life on the one hand and ethical principles for living in society on the other” (p. 40) This can lead to some unsurprising outcomes (lions as symbols of strength, goats as hardy survivors), but it is instructive to read some ancient views of domesticated “draft animals”: Not only are “furrows pleasant to a threshing ox,” but “the fettered oxen are stronger than the men who fettered them” (p. 34).Chapter 3 examines faunal fables from Sumer alongside their more famous and accessible Greek descendants conventionally attributed to Aesop. Breier's approach is to find parallels between animal elements within these corpora and to synthesize a set of ethical precepts that he considers a kind of teachable moral code. Breier avoids any discussion of anthropomorphism in this chapter, instead concluding that the fables present features “based on the attributes of each species, the fox being cunning” and so forth (p. 62) and that this facilitated the spread of the fables across the cultures of the Mediterranean.A wide variety of Mesopotamian literary texts are studied and analyzed in Chapter 4. Breier has taken on a large body of diverse material and presented a fascinating selection of pertinent passages for comment, citing ","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Artificial Intellegence Can Support Veganism: An Exploratory Analysis 人工智能如何支持素食主义:一项探索性分析

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.05

Thilo Hagendorff

引用次数: 0

Reading the Hebrew Bible With Animal Studies 读希伯来圣经与动物研究

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.19

Philip J. Sampson

{"title":"Reading the Hebrew Bible With Animal Studies","authors":"Philip J. Sampson","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"This book is exactly what it says it is on the cover. A sensitive and detailed reading of selected pericopes from the Hebrew Bible, interacting with current approaches to animal studies, including theorists such as Judith Butler, Donna Haraway, and Jacques Derrida. Of course, contemporary texts have little in common with those written more than 2,500 years ago. Moreover, the wide cultural gap radically affects basic presuppositions such as the place of animals. For us, animals (except “pets”) are usually dead, dismembered body parts; cellophane-wrapped food products on the shelf. For the ancient near-Eastern authors of the Hebrew Bible, they were live animals good for labor, dung, milk, and transport; occasionally for meat; or else a threat to life and livelihood.Stone makes this heterogeneity a virtue, indeed, a strength. It echoes, he argues, the diversity of the texts that constitute the Hebrew Bible itself as well as the interdisciplinary nature of animal studies, “the variable forms of life that we refer to collectively if simplistically as ‘animals,’” and even the multiple differentiations between humans (p. 14). In fact, he proposes “multiple interpretative approaches” rather than a quest for a single meaning; an openness to differences that forces reflection (p. 93). He thereby seeks to illuminate aspects of the biblical texts that would otherwise be obscured by a wrongly supposed familiarity and, conversely, to shed light on the relationships between human and other animals that we mistakenly take for granted.The book has seven interrelated chapters, each rereading a biblical pericope or theme in dialogue with selected questions from contemporary animal studies. From the role of goats in the narrative of Jacob, to the silent dogs of Exodus, and to the distinctive “zoological gaze” of the ancient near-eastern farmer and shepherd, we are drawn into discussions of domesticated “companion species,” their free-living brethren, and animals as “subjects” rather than “objects.” This might sound like a collection of essays rather than a unified text, which would, indeed, be in line with its honoring of heterogeneity. But it is more than this. Unifying themes run through the book, which make it more than a postmodern celebration of difference—themes that are at the heart of the growing scholarly interest in the interaction between human and other animals.As Darwin argued, there would be no humans without other animals, and the kind of animals we are derives from the kind of animals they were. Stone draws on Lévi-Strauss's observation that animals are good to think with, to make a more cultural case. “[W]ithout the presence of the specific animals . . . [in the Hebrew Bible], neither biblical theologies nor the religions of Judaism and Christianity . . . would exist in anything like their current forms” (p. 4). Indeed, neither would those cultures which have been shaped by these religious traditions. Animals have provided both symbols we can use to","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regarding Animals. Second Edition 关于动物。第二版

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.14

Clifton P. Flynn

{"title":"Regarding Animals. Second Edition","authors":"Clifton P. Flynn","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"As a scholar in this field for more than two decades, I have appreciated the first edition of this book for both its academic and pedagogical value. With the incredible development of human-animal studies since 1996, a second edition was not only needed but welcome.The overall approach of the authors is appealing due to its thorough and skillful application of symbolic interactionism and its associated methods of empirical investigation to help us understand other animals and our relationships with them, and, in that process, understand ourselves. In particular, its focus on the inconsistencies in how we “regard” other animals and how humans live with those contradictions appeals to students and scholars alike.The book is organized in three sections. The first section, “The Human-Animal Tribe,” presents and expands on the theoretical and methodological framework from the first edition. The second section, “Living with Contradiction,” presents eight chapters of empirical research, including four from the first edition and four new studies. The final section, “Paradox and Change,” summarizes the authors’ conclusions concerning how we regard other animals. The eight chapters drawing on the social scientific examination of our construction and application of contradictory meanings of animals in social settings move from the micro level to the macro level, examining those processes in interactions (Chapters 3–5), organizations (Chapters 6–8), and institutions and cultures (Chapters 9–10).It would be easy to criticize for omitted areas—but not everything can be covered, and decisions must be made about what to include. Four new chapters—studies of the homeless and their companions (“Pet Ownership on the Streets” by Irvine), how teenagers make sense of their abuse of animals (“Animal Abuse and Adolescents” by Arluke), the work of veterinary technicians (“Dirty Work and Good Intentions” by Sanders), and animals in the media (“Making News About Animals” by Irvine)—are diverse and inherently interesting examples of how we define and think about other animals and how that helps us understand our own attitudes and behavior. Further, they represent the best of qualitative sociological research.Some of the best scholarship in this area has been done by Leslie Irvine, including her work on animal selfhood (2004), the homeless and their companions (2013), and companion animals in natural disasters (2009). Thus, the addition of Irvine as an author and the incorporation of her scholarship in the second edition makes perfect sense. The notion of self is central to symbolic interaction theory, and Irvine's work not only has examined human selfhood, but she is the leading scholar on animal selfhood. Consequently, her work enhances an already excellent book—it is just the right fit and effectively rounds out this new version. In her chapter on “pet ownership” among the homeless, Irvine skillfully demonstrates how companion animals are used in identity work to mitigate","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Mad Madge”: The Contribution of Margaret Cavendish to Animal Ethics “疯狂的马奇”:玛格丽特·卡文迪什对动物伦理学的贡献

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.06

Lauren Bestwick

引用次数: 0

Antiracism in Animal Advocacy: Igniting Cultural Transformation 动物倡导中的反种族主义:点燃文化转型

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.15

Cini Bretzlaff-Holstein

{"title":"Antiracism in Animal Advocacy: Igniting Cultural Transformation","authors":"Cini Bretzlaff-Holstein","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"This book is a collection of 15 essays written by advocates and leaders in the farmed animal protection movement specifically, and the animal protection, animal rights, animal welfare, and animal liberation movements broadly speaking. These essays written by several individuals active in the movement were first published by Sentient Media, a nonprofit journalism organization that reports on animal rights and animal welfare issues with a goal of bringing the well-being of animals into the mainstream media. The title alone, Antiracism in Animal Advocacy, is one that stands out as antiracism has yet to be seen as an essential part of the animal protection/rights/welfare/liberation movement. As such, this collection of writings is an important, valuable, and necessary contribution to the narrative and advocacy efforts seeking the well-being of animals and fighting to end their exploitation and oppression.Four themes outline the trajectory of the various essays and their particular focus/emphasis. The first group of essays focuses on the theme of awakening to the plight of animals and gaining an understanding of the issues they face. Awakening is followed by various authors’ journeys of introspection, whereby they explore their experiences of looking inward and unlearning the disconnect and separation of human issues and animal issues. The third grouping of essays emphasizes accountability and what that might look like individually and within organizations and systems within the animal protection/rights/welfare/liberation movement. And last, the final group of essays engages in reflections on antiracist leading and structural transformation within the movement. In addition to the structure of four distinctive essay themes, the book provides a glossary of terms to clearly articulate what the authors mean when they write about topics such as the following: anti-Blackness; antiracism; Black, Indigenous, and people of the global majority (BIPGM); colonialism; diversity; equality; equity; implicit bias; inclusion; intersectionality; microaggressions; power; racial justice; racism; tokenism; White fragility; White privilege; and White supremacy culture. Such a glossary is a helpful tool to minimize assumptions of what is meant by the terminology being used and to assist the readers in understanding what the authors mean by these precise terms.The primary goal the authors present within each of their individual essays is to build a racially equitable animal protection/rights/welfare/liberation movement—particularly one that emphasizes the intersection of racial equity, inclusion, and animal advocacy versus the covert expectation of assimilation to White norms and White culture within the movement (i.e., perpetuation of covert White supremacy). Strictly speaking, the collection of essays was compiled to center racial justice in the work done for animals and to make the case for an expanded understanding of antiracism to include the animal protection/rights/we","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender and Sexuality in Critical Animal Studies 批判性动物研究中的性别和性行为

Journal of applied animal ethics research Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.5406/21601267.13.2.18

Aaron Neber

{"title":"Gender and Sexuality in Critical Animal Studies","authors":"Aaron Neber","doi":"10.5406/21601267.13.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/21601267.13.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This work traverses an impressive terrain as it illuminates crucial links between the aims and methods of feminist/queer scholarship and animal advocacy. In her introduction, editor Amber E. George frames the collection as an attempt to retain the “moral values that support dignity, respect, and equity” without the “patriarchal and species-based oppression that keeps so many beings trapped in a perpetual cycle of abuse” (p. 3). Compiling essays that address literature, film, science and technology studies, pedagogy, ethology, animal reproduction, and the extremely fraught questions that accompany discussions of bestiality, this anthology is an exciting contribution to the growing body of work that sees the struggle for animal justice as an integral component of all liberatory movements.The collection excels when demonstrating how Western cultural presumptions regarding gender and sexuality are uncritically written onto the bodies of animals, often resulting in a kind of double oppression: the animals in question are culturally and materially denied the subjectivity and autonomy typically reserved for humans yet are classified or judged according to local norms of human gender and sexuality. Samantha Orsulak's investigation into honeybees is especially fascinating in this regard. Orsulak documents how the honeybee serves as a kind of palimpsest for human anxieties regarding the rewriting of gender roles throughout history—at times the queen is a “leader,” at others she is “lazy”; at times the workers are “emasculated,” at others, they are “providers” (pp. 102–109). As social and political concerns regarding gender and sexuality mutate, so too does the description of the honeybee. Similarly, Annika Hugosson's contribution details how the female hyena's external genitalia—an elongated, retractable clitoris capable of covering the vagina and which resembles the male hyena's penis (p. 92)—is viewed as an oddity, at best, or an abomination, at worst. Because her genitalia appear errant from the point of view of anthropocentric sexual dimorphism, and because the female hyena exercises some agency in her genitalia's visibility, she is depicted as “duplicitous” (p. 82), “conniving” (p. 83), “immoral” (p. 87). These descriptions ascribe intentional states typically reserved for beings supposed to possess a supreme command of rationality (i.e., humans), but the female hyena is denied the kind of subjectivity and autonomy that usually accompany such rational capacities. Thus, the female hyena is held within a kind of double bind: denied subjectivity in her own right but judged according to anthropocentric sexual normativity.These essays also productively engage broad questions regarding Western notions of subjectivity. In this regard, Anastassiya Andrianova's essay on bestiality, and a certain incoherence that accompanies discussions of animal consent, is worth special mention. As “property,” animals are typically denied subjective characteristics, and yet, ","PeriodicalId":73601,"journal":{"name":"Journal of applied animal ethics research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0