Journal of addiction research & therapy最新文献

{"title":"Prevention and Intervention with Young People as a Critical Public Health Strategy to Curtail the Opioid Epidemic: A Call to Action.","authors":"Carla Kmett Danielson,&nbsp;Jenna McCauley,&nbsp;Jesse Hinkley,&nbsp;Austin Hahn,&nbsp;Angela Moreland,&nbsp;Cristina López,&nbsp;Morgan Goodyear,&nbsp;Zack Adams,&nbsp;Mike McCart","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid use continues to represent a significant public health problem in the United States, as well as globally. The opioid epidemic has motivated advances in the effective treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), with a particular focus on medications for OUD (MOUD), including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone. Although these medications are remarkably effective, MOUD expansion initiatives alone have not been sufficient to combat the opioid epidemic. Further, critical questions remain regarding the effectiveness of these medications for individuals who initiate opioid use under age 16. Key strategies to combat the opioid epidemic, including MOUD and naloxone distribution, target intervention for individuals who have already developed an OUD. Like every other health problem, shifting attention earlier in the etiological process can lend itself to a more cost-effective approach by preventing the onset of behaviors that contribute to subsequent increases in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we argue that targeted interventions for adolescents with substance use problems, including for non-opioid drugs (i.e., cannabis, alcohol), is critical to prevent the onset of OUD and turn the tide of the opioid overdose epidemic. In line with this call to action to move toward earlier intervention as a public health strategy, we propose several concrete recommendations. These include use of universal screening and prevention strategies for teens, an enhanced focus on addressing mental health (i.e., depression, trauma-related anxiety) and ecological (i.e., low caregiver monitoring, affiliating with substance using peers) precursors of substance use initiation in adolescents, a significant restructuring of resource allocation to more effectively and equitably address youth substance use and mental health problems, and continuous efforts dedicated to the de-stigmatization of the disease of substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10399295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10318748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Opioid Poisoning in Medically Underserved Rural Areas: An Evaluation of International Statistical Classification of Diseases Codes from the State of South Dakota.","authors":"Ahmed Nahian,&nbsp;Jewel Goodman Shepherd","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rural hospitals and patient population tend to be medically underserved. The states with more rural population dispensed the most opioids per person in the last 10 years. We aimed to explore if rurality contributed to the likelihood of higher opioid adversity and how it affected substance-use rehabilitation in federally designated Medically Underserved Areas (MUAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data dispensed by the South Dakota Department of Health (DOH) on opioid-led poisoning International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes that were active within the state in the last decade. After locating MUA rural and partially rural counties, we cross profiled the counties to the state datasets. Assessments were conducted using the PROC SURVEY methods in SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute) and checked for multicollinearity with the Belsley-Kuh-Welsch technique. Finally, we used the American Hospital Association (AHA) database for analyzing substance use rehabilitation availability on per hospital basis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The chi-square statistic for comparing opioid codes against non-opioid codes distributed among three categories, rural, non-rural, and partially rural was significant at the limit of p <0.05. 81.134% of opioid-led poisoning codes were activated in a rural county. Only four hospitals had substance-use rehabilitation, three of which were in a non-rural area. More people from the teenage and early-adulthood years (10-19) were prone to opioid usage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rural counties in South Dakota were more likely to dispense opioid care and not have access to rehabilitation. We also found that as the opioid dispensing rate at hospitals within a state decreased as the state had less rural counties. Introducing public programs to train more physicians and cutting down cost of non-opioid based care may lower opioid distribution and increase rehabilitation options in rural hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10866121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Findings of Weaker Executive Control Network Resting State fMRI Functional Connectivity in Opioid Use Disorder compared to Healthy Controls.","authors":"Kyle Woisard,&nbsp;Joel L Steinberg,&nbsp;Liangsuo Ma,&nbsp;Edward Zuniga,&nbsp;Tatiana Ramey,&nbsp;Michael Lennon,&nbsp;Lori Keyser-Marcus,&nbsp;F Gerard Moeller","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity has been used as a tool to study brain mechanisms associated with addictions. Recent research in substance use disorders has focused on three brain networks termed the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN). The purpose of this study was to examine the functional connectivity of those three networks in opioid use disorder (OUD) subjects compared to healthy control subjects (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study investigated functional connectivity differences between OUD subjects compared to HC using independent component analysis. This study also examined the relationship between functional connectivity and negative urgency scores, as well as compared the functional connectivity of severe OUD to mild or moderate OUD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In OUD subjects (n=25) compared to HC (n=25), a cluster in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex within the left ECN had significantly weaker functional connectivity. No significant differences were found between groups for the functional connectivity of the DMN, SN, or right ECN. No significant associations were found between functional connectivity and negative urgency, and no differences were found between severe OUD and mild or moderate OUD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These novel preliminary results suggest that ECN functional connectivity may differ between OUD and HC. This finding is consistent with previous research showing altered executive function in OUD and supports further examination of ECN functional connectivity in association with treatment response in OUD. Given our relatively small sample size (50 subjects total; 25 subjects per group), our results should be treated as preliminary for hypothesis generation, and replication will be needed in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/33/nihms-1820819.PMC9836043.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10538882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Foods and Beverages on Polyethylene Glycol Marker Detection in Urine","authors":"S. Einwachter, B. Huppertz, M. Bibl, K. Baum","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000376","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: In the fight against drug abuse, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) markers have become an established method to prevent false negative results by means of donor urine or own clean urine that has been stored beforehand. Until now, little is known about the influence of meal composition, time interval between meal and PEG marker ingestion, and acute urine dilution on PEG marker detection. Aims: In the present study we investigated the detectability of monodisperse PEG markers under field conditions with variable meal compositions, caloric intakes, and drink behaviors. Methodology: 448 subjects (272 females and 176 males) took part in the study. Six study centers recruited subjects for 2 runs differing in the time interval between capsule marker intake and urine sampling (40 and 60 mins). Two different meal compositions (either carbohydrate or fat-protein rich) and three different delays between meal completion and marker intake were tested (30, 60 and 120 min.). Food and beverage intake could be made ad libitum but were protocolled. Capsules containing either a PEG 8/PEG 10 or a PEG8/PEG 12 combination with 150 mg, each served as PEG markers. PEG concentrations from PEG 8 to PEG 12 were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Individual thresholds for positive PEG detection were used by means of the concentrations of non-administered PEGs. Main results: Both the caloric and the fluid intake significantly influenced PEG marker concentrations in urine. The 40 mins resorption phase led to a detection rate between 81% and 100%. All subjects were tested positive for PEG markers following the 60 mins resorption phase. Conclusion: The marker detection following a PEG marker containing capsule is a valid method, when individual thresholds and a marker resorption phase of 60 mins are taken into account. That holds true independently of the time interval between meal and marker intake, meal composition, and beverage volume.","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000376","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70242109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholic Drinks Consumption among College Students","authors":"Aline Monique Carniel, Marieli Fedozzi, Reny Heine dos Santos, I. Filho, P. Belintani, Patricia Silva Melo","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000374","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000374","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70241963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facebook Use and Negative Behavioral and Mental Health Outcomes: A Literature Review","authors":"A. Kaye","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000375","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to review research that is associated with Facebook use and negative behavioral and mental health outcomes. Facebook was chosen over other social media due to its widespread use, significant influence on peoples’ lives, and increased research attention. A total of 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected for this paper. Facebook use was associated with four mental health domains: Facebook addictionintrusion, depression, anxiety, and other mental health outcomes. This review emphasized the importance of improving measurement validity through the development of more consistent and complex Facebook use measure instruments.","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000375","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70242027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Alcohol Use Disorder among Residents of Agaro Town, Jimma, Southwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Asres Bedaso Tilahune, Mulugeta Gobena, Niguse Yigzaw, Mekiebit Getachew","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000377","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Alcohol use disorder is a common mental disorder that is associated with substantial disease burden around the world. Globally alcohol consumption caused 3.8 percent of all deaths and 4.5 percent of the total burden of disease in 2004. Alcohol use disorder is also a burden for individuals and society in Ethiopia. It is important to identify problematic alcohol use at an early stage, as this provides professionals with the opportunity to take preventive measures and hence, reduce the problems caused by this consumption. Objective: Assessment of the prevalence and determinants of alcohol use disorder among residents of Agaro town, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia, 2016. Method: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May-June 2016 among 845 residents living in Agaro town. Multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants and assessed for alcohol use disorder using self-reported questionnaire (AUDIT). The collected data was coded, entered in to EPI-INFO 7 software and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression analyses were computed to determine the association between factors and alcohol use disorder. Results: With 96.9% of response rate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder was found to be 12.4% with 95% confidence interval (9.3%, 15.8%). The likelihood of alcohol use disorder was higher in males (AOR=4.0 (1.58, 10.49). Also, high level mental distress (AOR=3.8 (1.35, 10.67)), Family history of alcohol use (AOR=3.4 (1.32, 9.17) and smoking cigarette (AOR=4 (1.26, 12.03)) were factors significantly associated with alcohol use disorder in Agaro town. Conclusion: This study had showed that the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among urban resident of Agro town were significant public health issues that require a great emphasis. This study indicates that alcohol use disorder goes along with use of other substances. Being male sex, family history of alcohol use disorder, history of cigarette smoking and having mental distress symptoms were significantly associated with alcohol use disorder.","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000377","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70242197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the <i>α</i>4<i>β</i>2- and <i>α</i>7-Subtypes of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Smoking Cessation Medication Development.","authors":"Lakshmi Ramachandran Nair, Xiu Liu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine exerts its reinforcing actions via activating the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Among an increasing number of nAChR subtypes, the α4β2 and α7 nAChRs are the two major ones, accounting for about 95% of the whole nAChR population in brain. Research findings from our own laboratory, together with other reports in the field, suggest critical and differential involvement of the α4β2 and α7 nAChRs in the process of nicotine dependence and tobacco addiction. Specifically, rat models of nicotine consumption and cue-induced relapse were used to examine the effects of selective antagonism of these two nAChR subtypes on the primary reinforcement of nicotine and the conditioned reinforcing actions of nicotine-associated environmental stimuli (cues). Results demonstrated that blockade of the α4β2 but not α7 subtype effectively reduced nicotine intake, whereas α7 but not α4β2 nAChR blockade reversed cue-triggered nicotine relapse behavior. These findings lend support for the continued effort to develop cholinergic agents aiming at the α4β2 nAChRs for reducing or stopping smoking. However, it is suggested that manipulation of α7 nAChR activity would be a promising target for preventing smoking relapse triggered by exposure to environmental cues.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6688641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41222302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga as an Adjunctive Intervention to Medication-Assisted Treatment with Buprenorphine+Naloxone.","authors":"Laura Lander,&nbsp;Kathleen Chiasson-Downs,&nbsp;Michael Andrew,&nbsp;Gerald Rader,&nbsp;Sheena Dohar,&nbsp;Kimberly Waibogha","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>According to the CDC, 2.6 million people in the United States have an opioid use disorder and drug overdose is the leading cause of accidental death. Opioids are involved in 63% of overdose deaths. It is imperative that we identify evidence based treatments to stem the tide of this epidemic. This pilot study serves to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of Yoga as an adjunctive intervention for individuals with opioid use disorder in active medication-assisted treatment (MAT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (N=26) were recruited from a buprenorphine/naloxone MAT program to participate in this study. 13 participants engaged in a 12 week adjunctive yoga intervention while remaining in treatment as usual (TAU) MAT. 13 matched controls were recruited and remained in TAU MAT. Both groups were evaluated at baseline, 45 days and 90 days for changes in craving for opioids, treatment retention, relapse rates, sleep, and symptoms of anxiety and perceived stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A two-way treatment by time analysis of variance was performed using a mixed effects model. The treatment by follow-up time interaction effect was significant for perceived stress (p=0.026) indicating that the yoga intervention had a larger effect than TAU (MAT). Changes in perceived stress decreased significantly over time in both the yoga intervention group and the TAU MAT matched control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study indicated strong evidence for Yoga being an effective adjunctive treatment to MAT TAU in reducing perceived stress. Further research with a larger population is needed to determine impact on other mental health symptoms and relapse and retention rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37186715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Five (PANSS, SAPS, SANS, NSA-16, CGI-SCH) commonly used Symptoms Rating Scales in Schizophrenia and Comparison to Newer Scales (CAINS, BNSS).","authors":"Suneeta Kumari,&nbsp;Mansoor Malik,&nbsp;Christina Florival,&nbsp;Partam Manalai,&nbsp;Snezana Sonje","doi":"10.4172/2155-6105.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6105.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scales measuring positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia remain the primary mo Scales measuring positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia remain the primary mode of assessing and diagnosing schizophrenia by clinicians and researchers. The scales are mainly used to monitor the severity of positive and negative symptoms and track treatment response in schizophrenics. Although these scales are widely used, quality as well as general utility of each scale varies. The quality is determined by the validity and reliability of the scales. The utility of the scale is determined by the time of administration and the settings for which the scales can be administered in research or clinical settings. There are relatively fewer articles on the utility of newer scales like CAINS (Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms) and the BNSS (Brief Negative Symptom Scale) that compare them to the older scales PANSS (Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale), SAPS (Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms) SANS (the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms), NSA-16 (Negative Symptom Assessment-16) and CGI-SCH (Clinical Global Impression Schizophrenia. The older scales were developed more than 30 years ago. Since then, our understanding of negative symptoms has evolved and currently there are newer rating scales evaluating the validity of negative symptoms. The older scales do not incorporate the latest research on negative symptoms. CAINS and BNSS are attractive for both their reliability and their concise accessible format, however, a scale that is simpler, accessible, user-friendly, that incorporates a multidimensional model of schizophrenia, addresses the psychosocial and cognitive component has yet to be developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":73583,"journal":{"name":"Journal of addiction research & therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-6105.1000324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35819013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}