Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the Lack of Under-represented Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Ophthalmology.","authors":"Emily K Tam, Michael Harrell, Nicole H Siegel","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1736495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736495","url":null,"abstract":"To adequately address the racial and ethnic disparities in eye care for our increasingly diverse society there needs to be a significant increase in physicians from under-represented minority groups (URMs) who pursue careers in ophthalmology. Studies have shown that patient–physician racial congruence tends to improve patient satisfaction and medical compliance.1However, there are significant racial and ethnic disparities that exist within medicine as a whole and, more specifically, within the field of ophthalmology.2 One way to address this gap is to diversify the physician workforce by increasing the number of physicians from URMs.2 URM is defined bymembership in certain ethnic and racial minority groups (i.e., Black, Hispanic, American-Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander). These ethnic/ racial minority groups have been deemed underrepresented in medicine (URiM).3 According to recent United States (U.S.) Census data, URM groups comprise 30.7% of the American population.3 However, a study published in 2016 based on information from the U.S. Census, Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), and the American Medical Association (AMA), found that only 6% of practicing ophthalmologists were from URM minority groups (3.3% Hispanic, 2.5% Black, and 0.2% Native American).3 Fairless et al reviewed the medical school faculty demographic data from the 2019 American Association of Medical Colleges Faculty Roster and discovered that ophthalmology has the third lowest proportion of URM faculty within all clinical departments at U.S. medical schools.4 Similarly, URiM trainees comprise only 7.7% of ophthalmology residents across the country, a figure that has been essentially stagnant, despitewidespread efforts to increase URM matriculants in medical schools.3 A recent call to action highlighted the significant need to increase the number of URiMs within ophthalmology training programs, academic institutions, and private practices.2 Here, we explore potential explanations for the low numbers of URMs in ophthalmology, in an effort to provide insights to improve the diversity of the ophthalmology workforce. One proposed explanation for a lack of ophthalmologists in training programs, and ultimately practicing ophthalmologists, stems from a lack of role models and mentors within the field of ophthalmology. Studies have consistently demonstrated that role models have the capacity to significantly influence the specialty, or subspecialty, that their mentees ultimately choose.2 According to a published report on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) program at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNCCH), URM students view “advisors,” as thosewho they sought out for advice but with whom they remained more distant and less involved.5 However, the URM students view “mentors” as those who help students not only in academics and research, but also who inspire them through their shared personal, such as ethnic or","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e192-e194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/bb/10-1055-s-0041-1736495.PMC9927959.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Video Describing Cataract Surgical Simulator Training on Patients' Perceptions of Resident Involvement in Cataract Surgery.","authors":"Zachary C Landis,&nbsp;John B Fileta,&nbsp;Allen R Kunselman,&nbsp;Joseph Sassani,&nbsp;Ingrid U Scott","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1728659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of a 1-minute video describing resident training with a cataract surgical simulator on patients' perceptions regarding resident involvement in cataract surgery and to identify factors associated with patient willingness to have cataract surgery performed by a resident. <b>Design</b>  Cross-sectional survey. <b>Methods</b>  An anonymous Likert-style survey was conducted among 430 consecutive adult patients who presented for eye examination at the Penn State Health Eye Center. The survey included questions regarding demographics, understanding of the medical training hierarchy, and patient willingness to have a resident perform their cataract surgery. There were six questions regarding patient willingness to have residents perform their cataract surgery and the second question in this set informs the patient that residents are supervised by an experienced cataract surgeon. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patients in Group 1 completed the survey only, while patients in Group 2 watched a 1-minute video describing resident training with a cataract surgical simulator prior to completing the survey. <b>Results</b>  Four hundred fourteen of the 430 patients (96.3%) completed the survey. Overall, 24.7% ( <i>n</i>  = 102) of respondents expressed willingness to allow an ophthalmology resident to perform their cataract surgery, and that proportion increased to 54.0% ( <i>n</i>  = 223) if the patient was informed that the resident would be supervised by an experienced cataract surgeon. Patients in Group 2 were twice as likely compared with patients in Group 1 to express willingness to allow an ophthalmology resident to perform their cataract surgery (odds ratio 1.92 [1.18-3.11], <i>p</i>  = 0.009). <b>Conclusions</b>  A thorough informed consent process including information regarding attending supervision and a brief video detailing resident training with a cataract surgery simulator may increase patient willingness to allow resident participation in cataract surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e96-e101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/87/10-1055-s-0041-1728659.PMC9927956.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Online Resources by Patients in an Ophthalmic Emergency Department.","authors":"Jodi C Hwang,&nbsp;Nicolas A Yannuzzi,&nbsp;Kara M Cavuoto,&nbsp;Zubair Ansari,&nbsp;Nimesh A Patel,&nbsp;Courtney F Goodman,&nbsp;Steven Lang,&nbsp;Jayanth Sridhar","doi":"10.1055/s-0040-1722310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  To describe the utilization of online resources by patients prior to presentation to an ophthalmic emergency department (ED) and to assess the accuracy of online resources for ophthalmic diagnoses. <b>Methods</b>  This is a prospective survey of patients presenting to an ophthalmic ED for initial evaluation of ocular symptoms. Prior to evaluation, patients completed surveys assessing ocular symptoms, Internet usage, and presumed self-diagnoses. Demographics and characteristics of Internet usage were determined. Accuracy of self-diagnoses was compared between Internet users and nonusers. Diagnoses were classified as high or low acuity based on agreement between senior authors. <b>Results</b>  A total of 144 patients completed surveys. Mean (standard deviation) age was 53.2 years (18.0). One-third of patients used the Internet for health-related searches prior to presentation. Internet users were younger compared with nonusers (48.2 years [16.5] vs. 55.5 years [18.3], <i>p</i>  = 0.02). There were no differences in sex, ethnicity, or race. Overall, there was a threefold difference in proportion of patients correctly predicting their diagnoses, with Internet users correctly predicting their diagnoses more often than nonusers (41 vs. 13%, <i>p</i>  < 0.001). When excluding cases of known trauma, the difference in proportion increased to fivefold (Internet users 40% vs. nonusers 8%, <i>p</i>  < 0.001). Upon classification by acuity level, Internet users demonstrated greater accuracy than nonusers for both high- (42 vs. 17%, <i>p</i>  = 0.03) and low (41 vs. 10%, <i>p</i>  = 0.001)-acuity diagnoses. Greatest accuracy was in cases of external lid conditions such as chalazia and hordeola (100% [4/4] of Internet users vs. 40% (2/5) of nonusers), conjunctivitis (43% [3/7] of Internet users vs. 25% [2/8] of nonusers), and retinal traction or detachments (57% [4/7] of Internet users vs. 0% [0/4] of nonusers). The most frequently visited Web sites were Google (82%) and WebMD (40%). Patient accuracy did not change according to the number of Web sites visited, but patients who visited the Mayo Clinic Web site had greater accuracy compared with those who visited other Web sites (89 vs. 30%, <i>p</i>  = 0.003). <b>Conclusion</b>  Patients with ocular symptoms may seek medical information on the Internet before evaluation by a physician in an ophthalmic ED. Online resources may improve the accuracy of patient self-diagnosis for low- and high-acuity diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e247-e255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/09/10-1055-s-0040-1722310.PMC9928005.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Ophthalmology Resident Operative Experience and the Early Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Andreas K Lauer,&nbsp;Sophia M Chung,&nbsp;Daniel C Tu,&nbsp;Jeffrey R SooHoo,&nbsp;John R Potts","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  This study aimed to evaluate trends in ophthalmology resident operative experience and the early impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. <b>Design</b>  Present study is a retrospective analysis of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Case Log System. <b>Participants</b>  Anonymized graduating resident case logs from 2011 to 2020 academic years (AYs) were examined for this study. <b>Methods</b>  Regression analysis for each procedure category was performed to identify trends between 2011 and 2019 AYs. Unpaired two-tailed <i>t</i> -test compared 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AY's for each category surgeon (S) and as surgeon and assistant (S + A). <b>Main Outcome Measures</b>  Mean and median cases as (S) and (S + A) during 2011 to 2019 AYs. Comparison between 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AY's for each category as (S) and (S + A) to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Results</b>  Total ophthalmology procedures as (S) rose from a mean of 479.6 to 601.3 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.96; Δ/year = 16.9) and a median of 444 to 537 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.97; Δ/year = 13.1). Total procedures as (S + A) rose from a mean of 698.1 to 768 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.01; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.83; Δ/year = 9.07) and a median of 677 to 734 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.05; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.61; Δ/year = 6.64). Cataract procedures as (S) rose from a mean of 152.8 to 208 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.99; Δ/year = 7.98) and a median of 146 to 197 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.97; Δ/year = 7.87). Cataract procedures as both (S + A) rose from a mean 231.4 to 268.7 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.95; Δ/year = 5.5) and a median of 213 to 254 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001; <i>R</i> ²  = 0.93; Δ/year = 5.33). Between 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 AYs, the first pandemic year was associated with significant reductions in total procedures (601.3-533.7 [ <i>p</i>  < 0.0001]) as (S) and 768.0 to 694.4 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.0001) as (S + A), cataract surgery (208-162.2 [ <i>p</i>  < 0.0001]) as (S) and 268.7 to 219.1 ( <i>p</i>  < 0.0001) as (S + A), and glaucoma surgery (16.3-14.2 [ <i>p</i>  = 0.0068]) as (S) and 25.6 to 22.6 ( <i>p</i>  = 0.0063) as (S + A). <b>Conclusion</b>  During 2011 to 2019 AYs, cataract, intravitreal injections, glaucoma, and total procedures increased significantly. During the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2020 AY), national halting of elective procedures had a precipitous effect on resident cataract surgery experience to volumes similar to 2013 to 2014 AY where the mean was twice the current required minimum number. With few exceptions, other procedure volumes remained stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e200-e209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b6/02/10-1055-s-0041-1740052.PMC9927973.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10098520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabb-Venable Excellence in Ophthalmology Research Program: Contributions to Ophthalmology Workforce Diversity.","authors":"O'Rese J Knight,&nbsp;Dolly Ann Padovani-Claudio,&nbsp;Clarisse C Croteau-Chonka,&nbsp;Mildred M G Olivier,&nbsp;Eydie G Miller-Ellis","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1736215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736215","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Ophthalmology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 3And So It Begins, LLC 4Department of Surgery, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 5Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e298-e303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/b9/10-1055-s-0041-1736215.PMC9928091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10098524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Social Media Use among Ophthalmology Residents.","authors":"Arjun Watane,&nbsp;Hasenin Al-Khersan,&nbsp;Meghana Kalavar,&nbsp;Bilal Ahmed,&nbsp;Michael Venincasa,&nbsp;Jayanth Sridhar","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1736661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective</b>  To assess ophthalmology trainees' self-reported use of and attitudes toward social media. <b>Methods</b>  An online survey was distributed by email to ophthalmology residency applicants of the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between September 2016 and January 2020. <b>Results</b>  Of the 1,688 email recipients, the survey was filled by 208 ophthalmology trainees (12.3%). Nearly all trainees reported using social media for personal purposes (92.3%), while less than half used social media for professional purposes (43.4%). There were mixed sentiments regarding the impact of social media on the patient-physician relationship, with the majority feeling that it challenges a physician's authority (55.2%) but also empowers the patient (57.5%) and encourages shared care (92.8%). Twenty-five percent of trainees had reviewed professional social media guidelines, and most rated the quality of medical information on social media as \"poor\" (60.9%). There were low rates of trainees looking up patients (13.8%), providing their account information to patients (1.5%), responding to patients' messages (2.6%), following patients' accounts (2.6%), and being followed by patients (2.6%). <b>Conclusion</b>  The majority of ophthalmology trainees are active on social media. As these trainees enter practice, ophthalmology will likely see a rise in social media use. Training programs should consider a formal social media policy that is shared with all trainees as part of their education.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e195-e199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/a6/10-1055-s-0041-1736661.PMC9928015.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resident Skills Assessment in Corneal Suturing: A Comprehensive Review of Currently Proposed Educational Programs and Evaluation Tools.","authors":"Lea Dormegny,&nbsp;Nicole Neumann,&nbsp;Anne Lejay,&nbsp;Arnaud Sauer,&nbsp;David Gaucher,&nbsp;Nabil Chakfe,&nbsp;Tristan Bourcier","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of publications proposing educational programs for resident skills assessment in corneal suturing. <b>Methods</b>  An extensive online article search in PubMed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PISMA) reporting guidelines was performed to identify prospective comparative studies or prospective before/after studies published up to March 2021 and reporting the assessment of ophthalmology residents' skills in corneal suturing during dedicated training sessions. <b>Results</b>  Three studies were identified for review. The first reported the efficiency of an electromagnetic tracking system placed on the surgeon's fingers coupled with a computer analysis of movements and time to identify surgeons with different backgrounds in corneal suturing. The second reported the efficiency of the reference system in assessing the improvement of corneal suturing conducted by residents after a training session, with video-based assessment for economy and confidence of movement, limiting tissue damage and precision of operative technique, reviewed by blind assessors. The third proposed an innovative remote corneal suturing training method using Zoom for direct feedback to the residents. The stitch quality was assessed for length, depth, radiality, and tension. The results were similar when compared with a group of residents without feedback. <b>Conclusion</b>  This review underlines the rarity and disparity of available tools for corneal suturing assessment, justifying the need for more complete models to be designed. These should consider body ergonomics and stitch quality and time. Comparative studies involving novices and attendings may provide reliable evaluation of existing gaps and specific metrics to target, helping residents to approach their superiors' experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e304-e310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/ed/10-1055-s-0041-1740065.PMC9928063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Ophthalmology Residency Application Characteristics with Subsequent Performance in Residency.","authors":"Brett M Gudgel,&nbsp;Andrew T Melson,&nbsp;Justin Dvorak,&nbsp;Kai Ding,&nbsp;R Michael Siatkowski","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1733932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  Only from reviewing applications, it is difficult to identify which applicants will be successful ophthalmology residents. The change of the USMLE Step 1 scoring to \"Pass/Fail\" removes another quantitative metric. We aimed to identify application attributes correlated with successful residency performance. This study also used artificial intelligence (AI) to evaluate letters of recommendation (LOR), the Dean's letter (MSPE), and personal statement (PS). <b>Design</b>  Retrospective analysis of application characteristics versus residency performance was conducted. <b>Participants</b>  Residents who graduated from the Dean McGee Eye Institute/University of Oklahoma Ophthalmology residency from 2004 to 2019 were included in this study. <b>Methods</b>  Thirty-four attributes were recorded from each application. Residents were subjectively ranked into tertiles and top and bottom deciles based on residency performance by faculty present during their training. The Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP) examination scores were used as an objective performance metric. Analysis was performed to identify associations between application attributes and tertile/decile ranking. Additional analysis used AI and natural language processing to evaluate applicant LORs, MSPE, and PS. <b>Main Outcome Measures</b>  Characteristics from residency applications that correlate with resident performance were the primary outcome of this study. <b>Results</b>  Fifty-five residents and 21 faculty members were included. A grade of \"A\" or \"Honors\" in the obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) clerkship and the presence of a home ophthalmology department were associated with ranking in the top tertile but not the top decile. Mean core clerkship grades, medical school ranking in the top 25 U.S. News and World Report (USNWR) primary care rankings, and postgraduate year (PGY)-2 and PGY-3 OKAP scores were predictive of being ranked in both the top tertile and the top decile. USMLE scores, alpha-omega-alpha (AOA) status, and number of publications did not correlate with subjective resident performance. AI analysis of LORs, MSPE, and PS did not identify any text features that correlated with resident performance. <b>Conclusions</b>  Many metrics traditionally felt to be predictive of residency success (USMLE scores, AOA status, and research) did not predict resident success in our study. We did confirm the importance of core clerkship grades and medical school ranking. Objective measures of success such as PGY-2 and PGY-3 OKAP scores were associated with high subjective ranking.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e151-e157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/95/10-1055-s-0041-1733932.PMC9928014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9729667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of a Virtual Interview Exercise for Ophthalmology Residency Applicants.","authors":"Bilal Ahmed,&nbsp;Victoria Ly,&nbsp;Ankur Parikh,&nbsp;Arjun Watane,&nbsp;Sanah Aslam,&nbsp;Anjalee Choudhury,&nbsp;Benjamin Lin,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Yonekawa,&nbsp;Jayanth Sridhar","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1733939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Importance</b>  In-person interviews have traditionally been considered a crucial component of the residency application process. Virtual interviews (VIs) became the standard format for the 2020 to 2021 application cycle due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. VIs offer a new perspective and challenge to this process which warrants unique considerations and further understanding of effects on applicants. <b>Objective</b>  This study aimed to assess the perceived efficacy of a VI preparedness exercise for ophthalmology residency applicants in the 2021 residency application cycle. <b>Design, Setting, and Participants</b>  A cross-sectional survey was distributed online. All participants in a mock VI exercise conducted via video-telecommunication technology were invited to complete the survey. Data collection occurred from October 12, 2020, to November 2, 2020. A follow-up survey after a match results released was distributed to all participants and data collection occurred from February 18, 2021, to February 25, 2021. <b>Main Outcome and Measures</b>  Applicant demographics, comfort, and attitudes toward VIs and VI practice were the primary measurements of this study. <b>Results</b>  Responses to the initial survey were received from all 35 participants (100%) in the VI mock interviews. There was a statistically significant difference between the pre- and postinterview responses for \"How prepared do you feel for virtual interviews with residency programs?\" ( <i>p</i>  = 0.0003) and \"How likely are you to practice virtual interviews with someone you know?\" ( <i>p</i>  = 0.0023). Participants reported feeling more prepared for VIs with residency programs after the mock interview ( <i>p</i>  = 0.002). A greater proportion of participants responded with \"Very Likely\" after the mock interview in comparison to before the interview to the questions \"How likely are you to practice interviews with someone you know?\" ( <i>p</i>  = 0.039) and \"How likely are you to practice virtual interviews in the same room/area as you will during the official interview season?\" ( <i>p</i>  = 0.021). Of the 35 original participants, 20 completed the follow-up survey. There were an equal number of participants who responded either \"Helped Somewhat\" ( <i>n</i>  = 9) or \"Helped Greatly\" ( <i>n</i>  = 9) to \"How much did the VI mock exercise help you for the actual interview season?\" in the follow-up survey. The majority of follow-up survey respondents (17/20) reported that they had additional practice in the virtual environment for interviews after the VI mock exercise. There was no significant difference in perceived helpfulness of the VI mock exercise during the actual interview season between matched and unmatched participants. <b>Conclusion and Relevance</b>  As residency applicants prepare for future VIs, practice and adequate preparation will be essential. In this study, implementation of a VI preparedness exercise had a positive impact on","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e256-e263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3a/f9/10-1055-s-0041-1733939.PMC9927975.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9738063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of the Flipped Classroom Model for Medical Student Education in Ophthalmology before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Kelly H Yom,&nbsp;Ryan J Diel,&nbsp;Pavlina S Kemp","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1740397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a shift of medical education to online learning in lieu of traditional clinic-based rotations. The flipped classroom model, which has been shown to be an effective approach to the medical student ophthalmology curriculum, shows promise as a method of learning that can be shared virtually. As such, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a flipped classroom approach to the primary care-focused ophthalmology clerkship delivered entirely online in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. <b>Methods</b>  Medical students who completed the 2-week introductory clinical ophthalmology clerkship from July 2019 to July 2020 were included in this study. The curriculum centers on a flipped classroom model and was delivered in person prior to March 2020, after which it transitioned to an online format for 5 months. A survey was administered to students completing this rotation, which utilized 6-point Likert scales to assess students' interest in the field of ophthalmology, perceptions of the flipped classroom curriculum, and confidence in evaluating ophthalmic complaints. The cohort that completed in-person learning was then compared with the cohort that completed online learning. <b>Results</b>  A total of 112 responding students were included in our analysis, with 68/82 students from the in-person cohort and 44/66 students in the online cohort responding to the survey. Students who participated in the online virtual clerkship were equally likely to feel comfortable evaluating eye complaints than those who participated in the in-person clerkship, and more likely to report that the course enhanced their interest in ophthalmology. However, online students were less likely to feel comfortable using the direct ophthalmoscope compared with those in the in-person cohort. <b>Conclusion</b>  Regardless of its mode of delivery, the flipped classroom model is able to impart confidence in evaluating ophthalmic complaints and interest in the field of ophthalmology to medical students. While online learning can never serve as a full replacement for learning physical examination skills and other important clinical experiences, there are aspects of the virtual flipped classroom that do not compromise student's learning and engagement and may be implemented into curricula even after clinical activities are allowed to resume.</p>","PeriodicalId":73579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of academic ophthalmology (2017)","volume":"13 2","pages":"e228-e233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/43/10-1055-s-0041-1740397.PMC9928001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9794153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}