JCSM clinical reports最新文献

{"title":"Progressive resistance exercise prevents muscle strength loss due to muscle atrophy induced by methylmercury systemic intoxication","authors":"André Luiz Gouvêa,&nbsp;Marcia Gracindo Silva,&nbsp;Bruno Cabral,&nbsp;Camila Guerra Martinez,&nbsp;Leidiane Caroline Lauthartte,&nbsp;Waderley Rodrigues Bastos,&nbsp;Eleonora Kurtenbach","doi":"10.1002/crt2.34","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.34","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the effects of methylmercury intoxication on mice skeletal muscle subjected or not to progressive resistance training (RT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four experimental groups were formed. Control and Con + RT received water and methylmercury (MeHg) and MeHg + RT groups received methylmercury (5 mg/kg/day), via gavage for 14 days. The Con + RT and MeHg + RT animals performed weighted ladder climbing RT, three times a week for 4 weeks. Animal muscle strength and gastrocnemius and soleus cross-section area, fibrosis, myosin heavy chains (MyHCs), E3-ligases MAFbx and MuRF1, 20S proteasome (P20S) and LC3-II content were analysed. In addition, P20S chymotrypsin-like activity was evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resistance training protected MeHg + RT mice against strength loss but not against muscle atrophy. The latter appeared to be associated with MyHCs significant content reductions observed in the MeHg and MeHg + RT groups. In soleus muscle, there was an increase in E3-ligases and P20S levels and P20S activity in both methylmercury groups compared with control ones. This pattern was also observed for gastrocnemius muscle, except for P20S content and activity that decreased. The P-AKT content decreased in the soleus and gastrocnemius of the MeHg animals while significant elevation of LC3-II content levels occurred.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accumulation of methylmercury caused an increase in skeletal muscle MyHCs degradation, resulting in muscle atrophy that was reinforced by the elevated fibrosis area. Although RT did not reverse this condition, maintenance of muscle strength levels in animals submitted to MeHg + RT was detected. We believe that RT somewhat protected MeHg from damage to neural muscle structures, to be further investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 3","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43734074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between mitochondrial function measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and physical performance in older people with functional impairment","authors":"Rebecca R. Chungath,&nbsp;Miles D. Witham,&nbsp;Clare L. Clarke,&nbsp;Anita Hutcheon,&nbsp;Stephen Gandy,&nbsp;Christopher Gingles,&nbsp;Lukasz Priba,&nbsp;S. Richard Nicholas,&nbsp;Ian Cavin,&nbsp;Deepa Sumukadas,&nbsp;Allan D. Struthers,&nbsp;Jacob George","doi":"10.1002/crt2.33","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.33","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential therapeutic target to improve skeletal muscle function, but the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to impaired skeletal muscle performance in older people remains unclear. The aim of this analysis was to test the association between measures of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and physical performance in older people.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed data from the Allopurinol in Functional Impairment trial. Participants aged 65 and over, who were unable to walk 400 m in 6 min, underwent 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf after exercise at baseline and at 20 weeks follow up. The phosphocreatine recovery half-life time (t_1/2) was derived as a measure of mitochondrial function. Participants undertook the 6-min walk test and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Muscle mass measured using the Akern 101 bio-impedance analysis system. Bivariate correlations and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between t_1/2 and baseline factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred and seventeen participants underwent baseline 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mean age 80.4 years (SD 6.0); 56 (48%) were female. Mean 6-min walk was 291 m (SD 80), mean SPPB score was 8.4 (SD 1.9); t_1/2 correlated significantly with Short Physical Performance Battery score (<i>r</i> = 0.22, <i>P</i> = 0.02) but not with 6-min walk distance (<i>r</i> = 0.10, <i>P</i> = 0.29). In multivariable linear regression, muscle mass and total body weight, but not t_1/2, were independently associated with Short Physical Performance Battery score and with 6-min walk distance. Change in t_1/2 was not significantly associated with change in Short Physical Performance Battery score (<i>r</i> = 0.03, <i>P</i> = 0.79) or with change in 6-min walk distance (<i>r</i> = −0.11, <i>P</i> = 0.28).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muscle mass, but not phosphocreatine recovery time, was consistently associated with Short Physical Performance Battery score and 6-min walk distance in older people with functional impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 3","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48148369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of thyroid hormones and sarcopenia: association of creatine kinase and thyroid hormones (thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine): a cross-sectional study","authors":"Ki-Hong Hong,&nbsp;John A. Linton,&nbsp;Sue Kim,&nbsp;Yu-Hyeon Song,&nbsp;Hye-Jung Shin","doi":"10.1002/crt2.29","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.29","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Korea is an ‘aged’ society on its way to becoming a ‘super aged’ society. As the population ages, new medical diseases become more prevalent. One such problem is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia, by definition, is skeletal muscle loss. Furthermore, additional studies have also pointed out smooth muscle loss. In this study, we focused on the correlation between thyroid hormones and sarcopenia with a biochemical viewpoint through creatine kinase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was undertaken using the Shinchon Severance Hospital clinical data repository system. Data were collected from 1 November 2005 to 17 May 2019. These data were from both male and female patients aged 20 years or more, who visited the emergency department, outpatient clinic, or were admitted. Our review consisted of laboratory data, image data, and the physical status of the patients described in words.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher levels of creatine kinase were observed in groups with low triiodothyronine (T3), low free thyroxine (fT4), high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and presence of dyslipidaemia. Correlation between creatine kinase and T3, fT4, and TSH was consistent after dyslipidaemia confounding factor was removed or adjusted for.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a consistent negative correlation between creatine kinase and fT4 and T3, both within the normal and abnormal range of thyroid hormone levels. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy with synthetic fT4 has its limitations. More studies are warranted for use of T3 or T3 receptor agonists.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 2","pages":"36-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43067139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational definitions of sarcopenia should consider depressive symptoms","authors":"Julie A. Pasco,&nbsp;Sophia X. Sui,&nbsp;Emma C. West,&nbsp;Kara L. Holloway-Kew,&nbsp;Natalie K. Hyde,&nbsp;Amanda L. Stuart,&nbsp;James Gaston,&nbsp;Lana J. Williams","doi":"10.1002/crt2.32","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.32","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Originally, sarcopenia meant ‘poverty of flesh’, but recent operational definitions have brought poor muscle function to the fore. None has considered psychological well-being. We compared muscle function components of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People Version 2 (EWGSOP2), the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), and the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) algorithms for individuals with and without depressive and anxiety symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study involved 348 women and 343 men (ages 60–96 years) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores for depression and anxiety ≥8 indicated depressive and anxiety symptoms. Measures included handgrip strength (HGS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG). Chi-squared test identified inter-group differences, and multivariable logistic regression identified poor muscle function in association with depressive or anxiety symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-nine (8.3%) women and 28 (8.2%) men had depressive symptoms, and 83 (23.9%) women and 41 (12.0%) men had anxiety symptoms. For women, proportions with low HGS were greater for those with vs. without depressive symptoms according to EWGSOP2 and FNIH (37.9% vs. 10.7%) and SDOC (51.7% vs. 26.7%); low HGS/body mass index (44.8% vs. 15.7%); and slow TUG (12.5% vs. 1.4%) (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.011). In age-adjusted models, women with depressive symptoms were two-fold to five-fold more likely to have low HGS by EWGSOP2 and FNIH {odds ratio [OR] 4.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–12.45]} and SDOC [OR 2.59 (95% CI 1.10–6.07)], low HGS/body mass index [OR 3.92 (95% CI 1.69–9.07)], and 11-fold more likely to have a slow TUG [OR 10.99 (95% CI 2.03–59.7)]. For men, a difference for low HGS for those with depressive symptoms was detected only for SDOC (64.3% vs. 40.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.013), but this was explained by age [OR 1.99 (95% CI 0.84–4.71)]. No differences were detected for anxiety symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Operational definitions should consider depressive symptoms, at least in women, at the time of muscle function evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 2","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.32","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery on body composition in patients with ovarian cancer.","authors":"John Vitarello,&nbsp;Marcus D Goncalves,&nbsp;Qin C Zhou,&nbsp;Alexia Iasonos,&nbsp;Darragh F Halpenny,&nbsp;Andrew Plodkowski,&nbsp;Emily Schwitzer,&nbsp;Jennifer J Mueller,&nbsp;Oliver Zivanovic,&nbsp;Lee W Jones,&nbsp;Karen A Cadoo,&nbsp;Jason A Konner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to quantify changes in body composition during ovarian cancer treatment and relate these changes to rates of complete gross resection (CGR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred two patients with stage III or IV ovarian cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery were a part of a prospectively collected database that included computed tomography scans at three time points-diagnosis, following NACT, and following debulking surgery. Skeletal muscle, visceral adipose, and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes were obtained from a 30-mm volumetric slab beginning at the third lumbar vertebrae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following NACT, skeletal muscle volume was significantly reduced (352.5 to 335.0 cm³, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas adiposity was unchanged. Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal muscle volume were significantly lower in patients who achieved CGR (<i>P</i> < 0.05). When these patients were stratified by BMI, the significant association of skeletal muscle to CGR was limited to patients with a BMI < 25 kg/m² (<i>P</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Skeletal muscle volume was significantly reduced in patients undergoing NACT for ovarian cancer. Non-overweight patients were more likely to achieve CGR if they had lower skeletal muscle volume. Use of volumetric-based measurement for ascertaining body composition should be explored further.</p>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8415724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39389525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of the ultrasonographic assessment of the lower leg muscles to evaluate sarcopenia and muscle quality in older adults","authors":"Masaaki Isaka,&nbsp;Ken Sugimoto,&nbsp;Taku Fujimoto,&nbsp;Yukiko Yasunobe,&nbsp;Keyu Xie,&nbsp;Yuri Onishi,&nbsp;Shino Yoshida,&nbsp;Toshimasa Takahashi,&nbsp;Hitomi Kurinami,&nbsp;Hiroshi Akasaka,&nbsp;Yasushi Takeya,&nbsp;Koichi Yamamoto,&nbsp;Hiromi Rakugi","doi":"10.1002/crt2.30","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.30","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The assessment of muscle quality is expected to help predict the prognosis of sarcopenia and examine the response to intervention. Ultrasonography can be used to evaluate approaches for determining muscle quantity and quality. We focused on the lower leg muscles and examined the relationship between the ultrasonographic assessments and the components of sarcopenia and muscle quality by comparing them with those of the quadriceps muscle (QFM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>47 physically healthy older participants aged 78.3 ± 6.0 years (53% male) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the lower leg muscles and QFM were assessed with ultrasonography. Muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed, and lower leg muscle strength were measured. Muscle quality was calculated using a formula: leg muscle strength/leg muscle mass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MTs and EIs of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and QFM were significantly associated with grip and leg strength. We observed a significant correlation in the MTs and EIs of the lower leg muscles and QFM. The EIs of the lower leg muscles and QFM showed significant negative correlations with muscle quality. In the multiple linear regression model, the EI of the TA and QFM was extracted as an independent factor of muscle quality (TA: β = −0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.0358; QFM: β = −0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.0327).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ultrasonographic assessments of the lower leg muscles, especially the TA, were associated with sarcopenia components and muscle quality equal to or greater than those of the QFM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 2","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48878985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex and body composition influences the Quilombolas strength","authors":"Leonardo Costa Pereira,&nbsp;Frederico Santos de Santana,&nbsp;Fernando Lamarca,&nbsp;Kerolyn Ramos Garcia,&nbsp;Mauro Karnikowski,&nbsp;Luiz Sinésio Silva Neto,&nbsp;Hildeamo Bonifacio Oliveira,&nbsp;Neila Barbosa Osório,&nbsp;Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva,&nbsp;Margo Gomes de Oliveira Karnikowski","doi":"10.1002/crt2.28","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.28","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies in ethnic minority communities with social isolation have low genetic variability. Furthermore, assuming that any attempt to determine ageing by chronological cuts is misleading, it is recommended that functional capacity assessments be performed especially during and at the end of adulthood. Specifically, muscle strength performance is an interesting screening measure of functional capacity because of its association with functional level. However, the behaviour of the muscle strength manifestation between sexes and its association with body composition (BC) parameters in a low genetic variability community are unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the influence of BC and sex on the handgrip strength of mature remaining Quilombolas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy Quilombola volunteers of both sexes (♀ = 39; ♂ = 31) were recruited. BC and muscle strength were tested by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and handgrip equipment (Jamar), respectively. Correlations between muscle strength and age and BC parameters were determined by Spearman equation. In addition, it has executed comparisons of BC and age between strongest and weakest men and women from the interquartile analysis by Mann–Whitney <i>U</i> test. The significance level was adopted: <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 70 remaining Quilombolas, with a mean age 64.6 ± 7.07 years, 55.7% were women with a mean age of 63.77 ± 7.56 years and 44.3% men with 65.65 ± 7.87 years. Statistical differences were identified for all parameters of BC and performance evaluated between men and women, except for the ratio of appendicular and axial fat-free mass (<i>P</i> = 0.183). The evaluation of the influence of BC on strength identified that Quilombola men and women have different processes in the decline of strength, considering both the correlation's tests and the comparisons between groups of different degrees of strength.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For Quilombola individuals, strength is a variable that can be modulated due to the influence of gender and BC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.28","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41715742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery on body composition in patients with ovarian cancer","authors":"John Vitarello,&nbsp;Marcus D. Goncalves,&nbsp;Qin C. Zhou,&nbsp;Alexia Iasonos,&nbsp;Darragh F. Halpenny,&nbsp;Andrew Plodkowski,&nbsp;Emily Schwitzer,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Mueller,&nbsp;Oliver Zivanovic,&nbsp;Lee W. Jones,&nbsp;Karen A. Cadoo,&nbsp;Jason A. Konner","doi":"10.1002/crt2.15","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.15","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to quantify changes in body composition during ovarian cancer treatment and relate these changes to rates of complete gross resection (CGR).","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44591898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty in long-term Dutch adult survivors of childhood acute myeloid leukaemia, neuroblastoma, and Wilms' tumour","authors":"Emma J. Verwaaijen,&nbsp;Daniëlle M. Corbijn,&nbsp;Annelienke M. van Hulst,&nbsp;Sebastian J.C.M.M. Neggers,&nbsp;Annemieke M. Boot,&nbsp;Marry M. van den Heuvel-Eibrink,&nbsp;Annelies Hartman,&nbsp;Saskia M.F. Pluijm","doi":"10.1002/crt2.14","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several simultaneous impairments in physical ability may be an indication of frailty in adult survivors of childhood cancer (CCS). The aim of our study was to assess the occurrence of frailty and to explore potential determinants in a selected Dutch cohort of long-term adult CCS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this cross-sectional study, we used data of 70 very long-term CCS [median age 28.8 years (interquartile range: 23.9–34.6)] of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) (<i>n</i> = 17), neuroblastoma (NBL) (<i>n</i> = 25), and Wilms' tumour (WT) (<i>n</i> = 28). Prefrailty and frailty were defined as having, respectively, 2 and ≥3 of the five following components: low relative lean body mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry less than −1.5 standard deviation, SD), self-reported exhaustion (fatigue, exhaustion, or exertion related complaints), low energy expenditure (men: &lt;383 kcal/week, and women: &lt;270 kcal/week), slow walking speed (less than −2.0 SD on the 6-min walk test), and weakness (hand grip strength less than −2.0 SD). Potential determinants of prefrailty and frailty (≥2 components), including treatment components, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors, were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Respectively, 6.3% and 28.1% women and 5.3% and 26.3% men were classified as frail and prefrail. Six per cent of the AML, 8% of the NBL, and 3.6% of the WT CCS were frail. Forty-one per cent of the AML, 28% of the NBL, and 17.9% of the WT CCS were prefrail. No significant associations were found between any of the investigated determinants and frailty or prefrailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results confirm previous reports that CCS, in particular intensively treated, have a potential risk of (pre)frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43502264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in muscle measures during chemoradiotherapy in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer","authors":"Christine Damgaard Valan MD, PhD,&nbsp;Tarje Onsøien Halvorsen MD, PhD,&nbsp;Marit Slaaen MD, PhD,&nbsp;Bjørn Henning Grønberg MD, PhD","doi":"10.1002/crt2.31","DOIUrl":"10.1002/crt2.31","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the recommended treatment for limited stage small cell lung cancer. Severe side-effects, which might cause loss of muscle mass, are frequent. Low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and radiodensity (SMD) are associated with inferior survival and more toxicity in cancer patients, but few have investigated this in small cell lung cancer, and none have investigated whether these muscle measures change during chemoradiotherapy. Patients from a trial comparing two schedules of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) were analysed (<i>n</i> = 157). We investigated if SMI and SMD changed during treatment; whether changes are negative prognostic factors; or associated with severe toxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle index and SMD were assessed from computerized tomography scans taken before and after chemoradiotherapy. Patients with analysable computerized tomography scans who completed TRT were eligible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-eight patients (43.3%) were analysed. Median age was 63 (range 40–85), 16% had performance status 2 and 92% stage III. Mean SMI decreased from 46.25 to 42.13 cm²/m² and mean SMD from 38.40 to 37.46 Hounsfield units. Loss of SMD was significantly associated with less Grades 3–4 toxicity (<i>P</i> = 0.027) and less Grades 3–4 esophagitis (<i>P</i> = 0.029). Loss of SMI was significantly associated with shorter survival in multivariable (<i>P</i> = 0.037) but not in univariable analysis (<i>P</i> = 0.094). Loss of SMD was significantly associated with better survival in both univariable (<i>P</i> = 0.006) and multivariable analyses (<i>P</i> = 0.013).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were large individual variations in changes in muscle measures during chemoradiotherapy, but the majority experienced a loss of both SMI and SMD. There was no consistent prognostic value of changes in muscle measures or consistent associations with severe treatment toxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":73543,"journal":{"name":"JCSM clinical reports","volume":"6 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/crt2.31","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42864598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}