International journal of alcohol and drug research最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups","authors":"M. Swahn, Melissa Haberlen, Jane B. Palmier","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I4.171","url":null,"abstract":"Swahn, M., Haberlen, M., & Palmier, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 289-295. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.171Aims: The study seeks to determine perceptions of and contexts for risky behaviors among street and slum youth in Kampala, through focus groups.Design: Three 90-minute focus groups were conducted in Luganda (local language) to ask specific questions on alcohol and drug-related behaviors among youth in the slums.Setting: Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers for disadvantaged youth in Kampala.Participants: 31 participants, aged 14 to 24 years.Measures: The focus group probes were based on the World Health Organization report “Working With Street Children: Module 5: Determining the Needs and Problems of Street Children—A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS and STDs.”Findings: Results show that these youth engage in a number of risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug abuse, fighting and weapon carrying, delinquency, prostitution and unsafe sexual behaviors.Conclusions: The study provides context for risky behaviors in this population, which can provide useful insights and help to guide resource allocation and intervention planning for services that seek to reduce adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use. ","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71358964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol’s harm to others: Using qualitative research to complement survey findings","authors":"Elizabeth Manton, S. Maclean, A. Laslett, R. Room","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V3I2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V3I2.178","url":null,"abstract":"Manton, E., MacLean, S., Laslett, A., & Room, R. (2014). Alcohol’s harm to others: Using qualitative research to complement survey findings. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(2), 143-148. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i2.178Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential contribution of qualitative research to future Alcohol’s Harm to Others (AHTO) survey research and some of the potential difficulties that may be encountered when conducting studies of this nature.Design: Qualitative, in-depth semi-structured telephone interviews.Setting: Australia.Participants: Potential participants were those who responded, in the telephone land-line-based Australia-wide AHTO survey in either 2008 or 2011, that a child or children for whom they had responsibility had been harmed “a lot” or “a little” by someone else’s drinking, and who also indicated that they were willing to be recontacted for future research interviews. Ten participants who selected the response “a lot” and 10 who selected “a little” were interviewed.Measures: Interviews were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcribed interviews were thematically analysed.Findings: The qualitative study analysis enabled access to detailed stories, clarification of the validity and meanings of survey measures, identification of questions for future surveys, and contextualization of survey findings. The analysis also suggested that samples of people who agree to discuss harm from others’ drinking with a researcher are likely to be skewed in particular ways.Conclusions: The approach to AHTO research described here incorporates both the persuasive power of whole-population survey research and the nuanced understanding provided through interpretation of in-depth qualitative interviews. It enables the presentation of more comprehensive information about the nature and extent of AHTO.","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71358955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women's receptivity to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders prevention approaches: A case study of two regions in Russia.","authors":"Tatiana Balachova, Barbara Bonner, David Bard, Mark Chaffin, Galina Isurina, Arthur Owora, Larissa Tsvetkova, Elena Volkova","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.158","DOIUrl":"10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study obtained data to inform the development of programs for prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) by examining Russian women's perceptions about the determinants of their decisions regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy; the importance of educating professionals and community about FASD; and the credibility of various sources of information.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Seven women's clinics in St. Petersburg and the Nizhny Novgorod region in Russia.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Six hundred and forty-eight pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>A face-to-face structured interview assessed demographic characteristics, pregnancy status, alcohol consumption, and level of trust in and receptivity to FASD prevention messages.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The most influential contributor to women's decisions regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy was their own knowledge, followed by information from an obstetrician/gynecologist or nurse. It was most important to women that obstetrics and gynecology professionals and husbands or partners were knowledgeable about the effects of drinking during pregnancy. Physicians' recommendations and research data were regarded by the women as the most credible sources of information. There were significant variations in responses by socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption levels. Younger women were more likely to report the contributions of husbands, mothers, and friends or coworkers to their decisions about alcohol consumption and indicated the importance of educating these people. Women at risk for alcohol use during pregnancy reported greater influence of husbands or partners and warning labels on containers on their alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the importance of broadly disseminating information about FASD, particularly research data, through education of health professionals and the general public in Russia. Women's socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol consumption levels should be considered in designing prevention programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5605141/pdf/nihms903653.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35428140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Practical Testing Battery to Measure Neurobehavioral Ability among Children with FASD.","authors":"Wendy O Kalberg, Philip A May, Jason Blankenship, David Buckley, J Phillip Gossage, Colleen M Adnams","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.83","DOIUrl":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine a brief, practical battery of tests that discriminate between children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and unexposed controls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Children received dysmorphology exams, a targeted battery of cognitive and behavioral tests, and their mothers were interviewed about maternal risk factors. Children diagnosed with an FASD and children unexposed to alcohol prenatally were compared on cognitive/behavioral test results.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A community in The Western Cape Province of South Africa.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Sixty-one, first grade children with FASD and 52 matched normal controls.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Statistical analyses of maternal drinking behavior and their child's test performance.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Self-reported maternal drinking patterns before during and after pregnancy were used to confirm prenatal exposures to alcohol in the group of children diagnosed with FASD. With this sample of children diagnosed with FASD and completely unexposed controls, the adverse effects of maternal drinking on children's performance are reported. Results of the battery of standardized cognitive and behavioral tests indicate highly significant differences (p ≤ .001) between groups on: intelligence, perceptual motor, planning, and logical, spatial, short term, long term, and working memory abilities. Furthermore, a binary logistical regression model of only 3 specific cognitive and behavioral tests, including Digit Span A+B (Wald = 4.10), Absurd Situation (Wald = 3.57), and Word Association (Wald = 4.30) correctly classified 79.1% of the child participants as FASD or controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A brief, practical set of tests can discriminate children with and without FASD and provide useful information for interventions for affected children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4170949/pdf/nihms-564051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32697828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A modified random walk door-to-door recruitment strategy for collecting social and biological data relating to mental health, substance use, addiction, and violence problems in a Canadian community.","authors":"Andrea Flynn,&nbsp;Paul F Tremblay,&nbsp;Jürgen Rehm,&nbsp;Samantha Wells","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe a modified \"random walk\" door-to-door recruitment strategy used to obtain a random community sample for participation in a study relating to mental health, substance use, addiction, and violence (MSAV) problems and involving the collection of both self-report and biological (hair and saliva) data. This paper describes study protocols, response rates for the study and for the provision of biological data, and possible further applications for this data collection method.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A two-stage cluster sample was derived from the 2006 Canadian census sampling frame for a small Ontario community, based on the random selection of city blocks as the primary sampling units and households as the secondary sampling units.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A small city in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A general population sample of 92 participants selected randomly from households using Kish tables.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>A computerized questionnaire was administered to obtain self-report data on MSAV problems. Saliva was collected to study genetic vulnerabilities to MSAV problems, and hair was collected to examine stress levels (via the hormone cortisol) as they relate to MSAV problems.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The study showed a response rate of 50% and a high rate of provision of biological samples (over 95%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modified random walk methodologies involving face-to-face recruitment may represent a useful approach for obtaining general population samples for studies of MSAV problems, particularly those involving the collection of biological samples. Further studies are needed to assess whether this approach leads to better response rates and improved estimates compared to other survey methods used in research on substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894817/pdf/nihms4973.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34560722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Management Reduces Drinking During Pregnancy among High Risk Women.","authors":"Philip A May, Anna-Susan Marais, J Phillip Gossage, Ronel Barnard, Belinda Joubert, Marise Cloete, Natalie Hendricks, Sumien Roux, Annalien Blom, Jeanetta Steenekamp, Theresa Alexander, Romena Andreas, Suzanne Human, Cudore Snell, Soraya Seedat, Charles C Parry, Wendy O Kalberg, David Buckley, Jason Blankenship","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79","DOIUrl":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Estimate the efficacy of Case Management (CM) for women at high risk for bearing a child with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Women were recruited from antenatal clinics and engaged in 18 months of CM.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A South African community with a subculture of heavy, regular, weekend, recreational drinking and high documented rates of FASD.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Forty-one women who were high risk for bearing a child with FASD.</p><p><strong>Measures: </strong>Statistical analysis of trends in drinking and other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>At intake 87.8% were pregnant, most had previous alcohol-exposed pregnancies, most/all of their friends drink alcohol (67.5%), and 50.0% had stressful lives. CM was particularly valuable for pregnant women, as statistically significant reductions in alcohol risk were obtained for them in multiple variables: total drinks on weekends after six months of CM (<i>p</i> = .026) and estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) at six (<i>p</i> < .001) and 18 months (<i>p</i> < .001). For participants completing 18 months of CM, AUDIT scores improved significantly by 6-month follow-up (from 19.8 to 9.7, <i>p</i> = .000), and even though rising at 12 and 18 months, AUDIT scores indicate that problematic drinking remained statistically significantly lower than baseline throughout CM. Happiness scale scores correlated significantly with reduced drinking in most time periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An enduring change in drinking behavior is difficult in this social setting. Yet, CM provided by skilled and empathic case managers reduced maternal drinking at critical times, and therefore, alcohol exposure levels to the fetus.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3981106/pdf/nihms564036.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32260258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of alcohol content of wine, beer and spirits to evaluate exposure risk in pregnancy: Pilot study using a questionnaire and pouring task in England","authors":"R. Mukherjee, E. Wray, L. Curfs, S. Hollins","doi":"10.7895/IJADR.V2I3.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/IJADR.V2I3.78","url":null,"abstract":"Mukherjee, R., Wray, E., Curfs, L., & Hollins, S. (2013). Estimation of alcohol content of wine, beer and spirits to evaluate exposure risk in pregnancy: Pilot study using a questionnaire and pouring task in England. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 2(3), 71-78. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.78 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i3.78)Aims:  Research has shown varying results regarding safe consumption levels of alcohol during pregnancy.  We argued in 2005 that an individual’s inability to accurately predict her alcohol consumption may be one factor influencing risk.  In order to re-evaluate within the England, this study sought to assess the current knowledge of the public and of healthcare practitioners.Design:  Both alcohol-knowledge questionnaires and pouring tasks were conducted using standardised ethical-committee-approved methods.Settings:  Different sites across England, including Surrey, London, Oxford and Wigan, where FASD support groups are based.Participants:  Health professionals and the general public, self-selecting in response to advertisement.Measurements:  Frequency data and categorical data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 18.Findings:  In total, 1,265 questionnaires were completed (688 public and 577 professionals).  One hundred-forty people completed the pouring task.  People’s ability to calculate accurately from strength and volume was within 20% of the accurate figure for units, although with a wide range.Conclusions:  These findings support the hypothesis that when pouring their own drinks, individuals are poor at estimating each drink’s alcohol content.  This has implications for public health strategies.  Glass size and the level of alcohol concentration have different implications in different countries.  For those drinking during pregnancy, however, the message that “no exposure is no risk” remains true.","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71358916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol consumption among Chilean adolescents: Examining individual, peer, parenting and environmental factors.","authors":"Guillermo E Sanhueza,&nbsp;Jorge Delva,&nbsp;Cristina B Bares,&nbsp;Andrew Grogan-Kaylor","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined whether adolescents from Santiago, Chile who had never drunk alcohol differed from those who had drunk alcohol but who had never experienced an alcohol-related problem, as well as from those who had drunk and who had experienced at least one alcohol-related problem on a number of variables from four domains - individual, peers, parenting, and environmental.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Community based sample.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>909 adolescents from Santiago, Chile.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression to compare adolescents who had never drunk alcohol (non-drinkers) with i) those that had drunk but who had experienced no alcohol-related problems (non-problematic drinkers) and ii) those who had drunk alcohol and had experienced at least one alcohol-related problem (problematic drinkers). The analyses included individual, peer, parenting, and environmental factors while controlling for age, sex, and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Compared to non-drinkers, both non-problematic and problematic drinkers were older, reported having more friends who drank alcohol, greater exposure to alcohol ads, lower levels of parental monitoring, and more risk-taking behaviors. In addition, problematic drinkers placed less importance on religious faith to make daily life decisions and had higher perceptions of neighborhood crime than non-drinkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevention programs aimed at decreasing problematic drinking could benefit from drawing upon adolescents' spiritual sources of strength, reinforcing parental tools to monitor their adolescents, and improving environmental and neighborhood conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3901364/pdf/nihms-416757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32064892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intoxication before last sexual intercourse and HIV risk behavior among men and women in Uganda: Evidence from a nationwide survey.","authors":"Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye, Rhoda K Wanyenze, Tom K Greenfield","doi":"10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.36","DOIUrl":"10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AIMS: To establish the prevalence of intoxication before sex and its association with risky sexual behavior. DESIGN: The data were from the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey which had been designed for a cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: The study covered the whole country-Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: The respondents were 6,253 women and 1,804 men who had ever had sex. MEASUREMENTS: The key independent variable was intoxication before last sexual intercourse while the major outcome variables were condom use and sex with non-regular partners. Weighted prevalence of intoxication was computed and multivariable logistic regression was applied to assess the independent association of intoxication with risky sexual behavior. FINDINGS: Twelve percent of men and 16% of women reported having been intoxicated before last sexual intercourse. Of the women who reported intoxication before last sexual intercourse, 78% said it was their partners who were intoxicated. Of the men who reported intoxication, 83% said it was they themselves who were intoxicated. Intoxication of the men was associated with having sex with non-regular partners (OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.04-3.03) and having unprotected sex (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.07-2.73). Women who were intoxicated were less likely to have been with non-regular partners (OR=0.55, 95%CI: 0.32-0.95). The women whose partners were intoxicated before last sexual intercourse were more likely to report having had unprotected sex (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.12-2.15). CONCLUSION: HIV prevention mechanisms should address intoxication before sex. More effort is needed to find ways of helping women avoid unprotected sex with intoxicated partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":73420,"journal":{"name":"International journal of alcohol and drug research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3470462/pdf/nihms363897.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30981250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}