IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors最新文献

{"title":"Augmented Reality “Smart Glasses” in the Workplace: Industry Perspectives and Challenges for Worker Safety and Health","authors":"Sunwook Kim, M. Nussbaum, Joseph L. Gabbard","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1214635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1214635","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Given advances in augmented reality head-worn display (AR HWD) technologies, “smart glasses” may become an everyday workplace tool in the foreseeable future, allowing workers to perform tasks hands-free while viewing real-time, task-relevant information within their visual field of view. Interviews with experts in several industries (e.g., chemical, medical, manufacturing, distribution) supported such future opportunities for AR HWD development, and underlined important practical concerns that should be overcome to bring smart glasses into mainstream, effective industrial use. Particularly, almost all interviewees believed that poorly designed interfaces for smart glasses may distract workers, yet saw potential in using well-designed AR HWD technology to improve workplace safety and health. This and earlier studies suggest that smart glasses can have important implications for human/task performance as well as workplace safety and health. Future research directions are discussed to promote and accelerate the safe adoption and implementation of AR HWD technologies in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"253 - 258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1214635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selecting the Optimal Sheeting-Font Combination to Increase the Visibility of Roadway Guide Signs in the Presence of Glare","authors":"M. Obeidat, M. Rys, Juan Du, H. Alshraideh","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1200162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1200162","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATION Roadway guide signs provide directional and mileage information to specific destinations. These signs are produced by combining different types of retroreflective sheeting materials along with different font types. Some sheeting-font combinations increase nighttime visibility to drivers, while other combinations do not. We compared two types of sheeting materials along with two font types. A field experiment was conducted at night, in the presence of glare from an oncoming vehicle's low beam headlights. A cost comparison was also performed. The most cost-effective sheeting-font combination was type XI sheeting and ClearviewHwy™ font. These results may be useful for Departments of Transportation to increase legibility distance and the visibility of shoulder-mounted guide signs for drivers, and consequently help increase roadway safety. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Driver safety remains an important issue, and improving roadway guide sign visibility is an important step in increasing safety on roadways and thus reducing crashes. Currently, two types of retroreflective sheeting materials (type IV and type XI) and either Series E (Modified) or ClearviewHwy font types are used for signs in the United States. Glare from an oncoming vehicle's low beam headlights, however, can create visual difficulty for drivers at night. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of two retroreflective sheeting materials and two font types, for use on shoulder-mounted guide signs (i.e., mounted on the shoulder of a roadway) in the presence of glare. Methods: Four sheeting-font combinations, involving type IV and type XI sheeting materials and Series E (Modified) and ClearviewHwy fonts were compared in a field experiment. Participants were asked to read the legend of four signs during nighttime driving, in the presence of glare from an oncoming low beam headlight vehicle. The legibility distance at which the participant read the sign was recorded as the dependent variable. A cost comparison was also performed for the four signs. Results: Type XI sheeting combined with ClearviewHwy font provided the maximum legibility distance. The cost analysis showed that type XI was less expensive over a 60-year timeframe (∼9.3% lower) versus type IV. Conclusions: Use of type XI sheeting and ClearviewHwy font is recommended for shoulder-mounted roadway signs to enhance legibility. However, future work is needed to verify these results under more general conditions and with a broader range of participants.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"247 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1200162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Functional Connectivity and Activation during Preparation for Hand Movement","authors":"Lin Cheng, H. Ayaz, Junfeng Sun, S. Tong, B. Onaral","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1191560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1191560","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Our results illustrate the enhanced functional connectivity between motor-related brain regions and high-level cognitive brain regions during the transition period between rest and hand movements. These results suggest that the sensorimotor network is interacting with prefrontal areas during the transition period to maintain the preparation state. Both actual movement and the transition period without actual movement modulate brain activities. Capturing the detailed relationship of movement intention could be utilized to improve precision and latency of anticipation-based brain–computer interfaces. Furthermore, consistent with the neuroergonomic approach, this study demonstrates that functional near-infrared spectroscopy is a suitable tool for region-specific, task-related, and resting-state functional connectivity analysis. Our findings could enhance the development of more intuitive and natural interfaces between human and machine systems in diverse areas. The approach presented here could help create assistive devices that perceive and predict operators' intention of movements. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Introduction: Traditional and new generations of neuroimaging techniques allow observing the modulation of brain activities during transition periods between rest and physical movement execution. A thorough understanding of the brain activity and functional connectivity changes during these transitions could contribute to increasing the precision and decreasing the latency of anticipation-based brain–computer interfaces, and improving human-system integration in general. Consistent with the neuroergonomic approach, functional near-infrared spectroscopy can monitor the outer cortex during extensive physical movement and in realistic settings using wearable and portable sensors. Methods: In this study, 19 healthy subjects were monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during rest, a fist opening and closing task, and the transition period preceding the task. Functional connectivity analysis was used to evaluate how the transition period preceding the task modulated the brain activities. Results: There were several increases in functional connectivity during the transition period, especially between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the contralateral primary somatosensory and primary motor cortices, as well as the functional connectivity connecting the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex with the ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex and the primary motor cortex. Regions located in the sensorimotor networks and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were also found to be activated during the transition period. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the sensorimotor network is interacting with the high-level cognitive brain network during the transition period to maintain the preparation state. Furthermore, functional near-infrared spectroscopy is an emerging tool well-suited for region specific","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"175 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1191560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call Center Productivity Over 6 Months Following a Standing Desk Intervention","authors":"Gregory A. Garrett, M. Benden, Ranjana K. Mehta, A. Pickens, S. Peres, Hongwei Zhao","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1183534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1183534","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL ABSTRACT Stand-capable desks have been shown to successfully reduce sedentary behavior in the modern office, but whether their utilization improves cognitive productivity is not known. We compared productivity between stand-capable desk users and traditional seated desk users in a call center environment. Data were collected daily over a continuous 6-month period. We found that increased stand-capable desk use is a likely contributor to increased productivity over traditional seated desk use. These findings indicate that use of stand-capable desks as ergonomic interventions to improve physical health among employees may also positively impact their work productivity. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Many office employees are spending up to 90% of their workday seated, and employers are considering stand-capable desks as a way to increase physical activity throughout the day. When deciding on adoption of stand-capable workstations, a major concern for employers is that the benefits, over time, may not offset the initial cost of implementation. Methods: This study compared objective measures of productivity over time between a group of stand-capable desk users and a seated control group in a call center. Comparison analysis was completed for continuous 6-month secondary data for 167 employees, across two job categories. Results: Users of stand-capable desks were ∼45% more productive on a daily basis compared to their seated counterparts. Further, productivity of the stand-capable desk users significantly increased over time, from ∼23% in the 1st month to ∼53% over the next 6 months. Finally, this productivity increase was similar for employees across both job categories. Conclusions: These findings suggest important benefits of employing stand-capable desks in the work force to increase productivity. Prospective studies that include employee health status, perceptions of (dis)comfort and preference over time, along with productivity metrics, are needed to test the effectiveness of stand-capable desks on employee health and performance.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"188 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1183534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60125816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study Exploring Obesity-Related Differences in Fall Rate and Kinematic Response Resulting From a Laboratory-Induced Trip","authors":"Christina R. Garman, M. Nussbaum, C. Franck, M. Madigan","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1198732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1198732","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS A higher percentage of young adults with a higher body mass index (BMI) fell after a laboratory-induced trip compared to young adults with a lower BMI, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Young adults with a higher BMI also exhibited a kinematic response to the trip that was less favorable than adults with a lower BMI. This study provides preliminary evidence that obesity may increase the risk of falls after tripping among young obese workers, and that this increased risk may be due to a less favorable balance recovery response after tripping. Additional larger scale studies are needed to better understand contributing and modifiable factors that can be targeted via intervention or other fall prevention strategies. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Obese adults are reported to fall at a higher rate than non-obese adults. Purpose: To help determine the reason for this higher fall rate, we quantified fall rates, kinematics at trip onset, and kinematics during the response to a laboratory-induced trip among two groups of young adults with higher and lower body mass indexes (BMI) that approximated obese and healthy-weight ranges. Our focus was on young adults given that they comprise a substantial portion of the workforce. Methods: Twenty-one young adult subjects, including 10 with a lower BMI (19.4–25.7 kg/m2) and 11 with a higher BMI (29.8–42.9 kg/m2), walked along a 10 m walkway at a purposeful speed. During a randomly selected walking trial, an obstacle was raised to elicit a trip. Results: Among the 19 subjects who unambiguously fell or recovered, 30% of subjects with higher BMI fell and 0% of lower BMI subjects fell, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Among the 15 subjects who used an elevating strategy, all recovered balance, and the only kinematic response variable that differed between BMI groups was that recovery step time was longer among the higher BMI group. Among the four subjects who used a lowering strategy, no statistical analysis was possible due to a small number of subjects, but several measures were consistent with a less favorable kinematic response among the three higher BMI fallers compared to the one lower BMI subject who recovered. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that obesity may adversely influence fall rate and recovery kinematics after tripping among young adults. Additional larger scale studies are needed to better understand contributing and modifiable factors that can be targeted via intervention.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"211 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1198732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Physical and Cognitive Ergonomics","authors":"Ranjana K. Mehta","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1207475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1207475","url":null,"abstract":"Ranjana K. Mehta Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, 1266 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA The field of human factors and ergonomics (HF/E), since its inception, has been instrumental in developing methods, tools, and solutions when considering cognitive and physical systems independently. However, every human action is orchestrated by mind (and brain) and body interactions. To comprehensively understand how humans (from the neck up and down) interact with their environments, it is necessary to employ approaches that effectively identify, assess, and facilitate development of controls and remedial measures that address these mind-body interactions. The study of physical ergonomics is concerned with human anatomic, anthropometric, physiological, and biomechanical characteristics as they relate to physical work systems. The study of cognitive human factors is concerned with mental processes, such as perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response, as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system. Most work systems involve some level of mental or cognitive processing in addition to physical efforts, so that ideally physical and cognitive demands should be considered together when examining human behavior at work. High cognitive demands can influence physical capabilities, and physical demands can influence cognitive processing. So, while HF/E is a highly multidisciplinary field that considers humans relative to some aspect of their work environment, efforts are needed to integrate physical and cognitive subsystems during evaluation and (re)design when considering the human in the context of the work situation. The goal of this special issue is to contribute to the growing body of scientific literature on integrating physical and cognitive ergonomics that brings researchers closer as an interdisciplinary HF/E field. The breadth of topics covered includes studies that focus on quantifying human behavior when interacting with physical and cognitive subsystems, applied research that proposes predictive tools to assess multidimensional work demands, theoretical positions and new methodologies that challenge how we currently examine these interactions, and finally, evidence that highlights business outcomes of the interplay between physical and cognitive processes. Mental workload, fatigue, and stress, stemming from an overloaded cognitive subsystem, have been shown consistently to affect several aspects of human physical capabilities. For example, cognitive distractors and social stress can alter biomechanical strategies during controlled processes such as upper extremity and low back exertions ( Marras, Davis, Heaney, Maronitis, & Allread, 2000; Mehta & Agnew, 2011; Mehta, Nussbaum, & Agnew, 2012) as Corresponding author. E-mail: rmehta@tamu.edu","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1207475","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Interpretation of Collected Anthropometric Data of Agricultural Workers From Northeast India and Comparison With National and International Databases","authors":"T. Patel, J. Sanjog, Abhirup Chatterjee, S. Karmakar","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1194912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1194912","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Integrated applications of ergonomics and human factors are crucial for designers of agricultural tools and equipment, to improve performance and to enhance safety and productivity. Tools and equipment that do not fit properly with a user's physical characteristics can cause discomfort and fatigue, and may result in low productivity and a higher incidence of accidents/injuries. For workers in the northeastern region of India, it is often not possible to manufacture or adapt user-compatible tools and equipment due to the limited availability of anthropometric and biomechanical data. The anthropometric database developed here is intended to address this lack of information and to assist in the development of anthropometrically compatible tools and equipment for the Assamese population (residents of “Assam,” a state from the northeast region of India). Statistical analyses (principal component and regression analysis) are also reported to help in identifying key anthropometric characteristics to be measured to derive other pertinent anthropometric variables. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Well-being, efficiency, and productivity of workers can depend substantially on the tools and equipment that they use. To enhance these, along with comfort and safety, tools and equipment should be compatible with the anthropometric characteristics of the intended user. Although anthropometric data are essential for effective equipment design, there is often little published anthropometric data for a given target population, and this is specifically the case for male Assamese agricultural workers. Purpose: To develop an anthropometric database (n = 130) of male agricultural workers within the “Kamrup” district of Assam. Collected data were compared with national and international databases to justify the need to develop local and regional databases. Method: Following a pilot study involving 20 participants, to evaluate the reliability of the anthropometric measurements, the main field study was conducted on 130 male agricultural workers (age range: 17 to 62 years) for a set of 26 body dimensions (along with age and body mass). Results: Mean (standard deviation) of age, stature, and body mass were 37.3 (11.7) years, 1,627.5 (45.9) mm and 55.2 (7.0) kg, respectively. Following principal component analysis of 25 anthropometric variables, six variables were representative of six principal components/factors. Linear regression analysis was used to predict some pertinent body dimensions. Some significant differences were found when comparing the current anthropometric data with databases from other zones of India (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, Central, and Northeast) and with male anthropometric data of other countries. Conclusions: Differences in anthropometric data within and between countries indicate that simple adoption of agricultural tools and equipment from specific regions might lead to occupational health hazards in the target ","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"52 1","pages":"197 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1194912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60126219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defeating the Vigilance Decrement","authors":"P. Hancock, W. Volante, J. Szalma","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1178191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1178191","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS We tested the boundaries of Parasuraman's vigilance taxonomy to see how porous they are. The degree of porosity is especially informative in mitigating and eliminating the vigilance decrement. These results are relevant to every form of human operation in automated, semi-automated, and autonomous computer-mediated systems. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: When vigilance was stultified, and threatened to become moribund, Parasuraman's vigilance taxonomy revivified the area of research. The taxonomic description features dichotomies across event rate and target comparison type to establish the boundaries of consistent monitoring degradation. This insight implicated resource theory as the causal explanation for the vigilance decrement, founded on the depleting attentional demands of increasing memory load. Despite its manifest value, taxonomic differentiations still require the fixation of constraints that continually have to be challenged and re-evaluated in light of emerging evidence. Such a challenge is erected here. Purpose: To re-examine and re-evaluate the fundamental vigilance taxonomy in order to provide methods to defeat the vigilance decrement, predominantly by design. Methods: Using synthetic integration of accrued knowledge since its original inception down to the present time, our work evaluates and explicates limits to the boundaries represented in the classic vigilance taxonomy. This synthesis serves as a precursor to identifying ways to mitigate or eliminate the vigilance decrement. Results: The thresholds that connote the taxonomic limits are shown to be frangible and the very natures of their identified dis-continuities are themselves informative for methods of remediation. Conclusions: These results are relevant to every form of human operation in automated, semi-automated, and autonomous computer-mediated systems.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"20 1","pages":"151 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1178191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60125647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal of a Method to Predict Subjective Rating on Drowsiness Using Physiological and Behavioral Measures","authors":"A. Murata","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2016.1164765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2016.1164765","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Subjective drowsiness was predicted during a simulated driving task with an accuracy of more than 90%. This was done using a multinomial logistic regression model, using physiological and behavioral measures as predictors. The actual and/or potential applications of these results include the development of a system for predicting drowsiness and presenting drivers a warning. These results can contribute to the enhancement of transportation safety by decreasing the risk of crashes or traffic accidents caused by drowsy driving. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: From the viewpoint of automotive safety, it is useful to detect a decrease in arousal level and to warn drivers of the risk of a traffic accident. Although many measures of drowsy states have been developed, effective methods for predicting drowsy driving states and to warn drivers of these states have not been established. Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of physiological and behavioral evaluation measures for predicting a drivers' subjective drowsiness using a regression model. Methods: Eight participants completed the study, which involved simulated driving. They were required to steer and maintain their vehicle at the centerline and to maintain the distance between their own car and a preceding car. Physiological measures were obtained (electroencephalography, heart rate variability and blink frequency), along with behavioral measures (neck bending angle, back pressure, foot pressure, and tracking error), and participants reported subjective drowsiness once every minute. Drowsy states were predicted via three multinomial logistic regression models consisting of different independent variables—Model A: both physiological and behavioral measures, Model B: only behavioral measures, and Model C: only physiological measures. For each model, prediction accuracies were examined, and the length of the data window used for predicting drowsiness was explored. Results: When both physiological and behavioral measures were used, prediction accuracy was 96.8%. The interval used for attaining the highest prediction accuracy was 100 seconds (from 120 to 20 seconds before the prediction). When only physiological measures were used, prediction accuracy was 90.2%, and accuracy was 94.9% using only behavioral measures. Conclusions: The proposed multinomial model could attain higher prediction accuracy when both physiological and behavioral measures are used and is potentially useful for the development of drowsiness warning systems.","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"4 1","pages":"128 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2016.1164765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60125506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Physical Workload and Modality of Information Presentation on Cognitive Inhibition in Highly Fit Young Males","authors":"C. Pankok, Maryam Zahabi, Wenjuan Zhang, D. Kaber","doi":"10.1080/21577323.2015.1066278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21577323.2015.1066278","url":null,"abstract":"OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This study presents an experiment assessing the interaction between physical task load and modality of information presentation on cognitive task performance. Results indicated that males of equivalent high fitness, between the ages of 18 and 25, can perform complex cognitive tasks reliably well while performing a concurrent physical task requiring up to 70% of aerobic capacity. Furthermore, results revealed that participants respond slightly more quickly to visual stimuli than auditory stimuli but are equally adept at inhibiting responses presented via either modality. These results are applicable to the design of information displays for information processing tasks as part of occupations requiring simultaneous worker physical performance, such as soldiers in combat situations, firefighters in emergency rescue, police officers in security patrols on foot, etc.TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Background: Many occupations require workers to perform cognitive tasks while concurrently performing a physical task, such as a soldier taking orders while running to a helicopter evacuation point or a firefighter navigating through a burning building. Diverse personal factors have been identified to influence the effect of physical workload on cognitive performance; however, the literature presents some contradictions, and findings appear heavily dependent on participant sample characteristics, physical task type, and cognitive task type. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the interaction between physical workload and modality of information presentation on performance of a concurrent cognitive task by highly fit young males. Methods: Twenty-four highly fit males between the ages of 18 and 25 completed the experiment. Participants ran on a treadmill at one of three physical exertion levels (0%, 50%, and 70% of maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]). Levels were selected based on a previously-defined “optimal range” of 40%–55% VO2max for facilitating concurrent cognitive performance. Participants were exposed to exertion below, within, or above the optimal range for 8 minutes in each trial while concurrently performing a stop-signal task with stimuli presented either visually or aurally. Accuracy, response time, stop-signal reaction time, and perceived cognitive workload were recorded. Results: Physical exertion level did not appear to have a significant effect on responses with the exception of a decrease in accuracy that approached significance (p < 0.10). Stimulus modality had a significant effect, with higher accuracy, lower response time, and lower stop-signal reaction time occurring with visual stimuli compared to auditory. The modality of the stop signal (an indicator that participants should inhibit a reaction) had no effect on any response. No significant interaction was found between physical exertion level and modality of information presentation on cognitive inhibition. Conclusions: Highly fit young males, when subjected to a","PeriodicalId":73331,"journal":{"name":"IIE transactions on occupational ergonomics and human factors","volume":"40 1","pages":"103 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/21577323.2015.1066278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60125094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}