Alexis R Miranda, Joanne G Patterson, Devin LaPolt, Ruva P Rumano, Alexa M Reynoso, Micah L Berman, Brittney L Keller-Hamilton, Megan E Roberts, Amy K Ferketich, Patricia J Zettler
{"title":"A Call for Regulatory Clarity: \"Switch\" and \"Quit Smoking\" Marketing among Online Disposable E-Cigarette Sellers.","authors":"Alexis R Miranda, Joanne G Patterson, Devin LaPolt, Ruva P Rumano, Alexa M Reynoso, Micah L Berman, Brittney L Keller-Hamilton, Megan E Roberts, Amy K Ferketich, Patricia J Zettler","doi":"10.54111/0001/iii1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/iii1","url":null,"abstract":"FDA generally regulates products containing nicotine under its tobacco authorities, unless those products are intended for smoking cessation—in which case, they are regulated as drugs that must be FDA-approved as safe and effective. Accordingly, for e-cigarettes, questions arise about where the line is between a tobacco product intended merely for recreational use and a drug product intended for smoking cessation. Against this background, this Research Letter describes a content analysis of certain claims made by 28 online e-cigarette retailers and argues that our findings suggest a need for additional regulatory clarity about when e-cigarettes are appropriately regulated as smoking cessation drug-delivery devices rather than tobacco products.","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"61 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10243603/pdf/nihms-1904298.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa R Holloway, Xueya Cai, Adam Simning, Zijing Cheng, Yue Li
{"title":"Changes in Income and Household Spending During Early Months of COVID-19 Pandemic Reveal Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Older Adults.","authors":"Melissa R Holloway, Xueya Cai, Adam Simning, Zijing Cheng, Yue Li","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9351986/pdf/nihms-1781428.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10524781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa R. Holloway, Xueya Cai, A. Simning, Zijing Cheng, Yue Li
{"title":"Changes in Income and Household Spending During Early Months of COVID-19 Pandemic Reveal Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Older Adults.","authors":"Melissa R. Holloway, Xueya Cai, A. Simning, Zijing Cheng, Yue Li","doi":"10.54111/0001/vv13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/vv13","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has both elucidated and exacerbated racial and ethnic disparities in the United States. Conspicuous early effects in healthcare access and direct morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 disease revealed that, compared to White populations, Black and Hispanic communities suffered greater rates of mortality,1,2 especially among older adults.3 Preliminary findings also suggest that Black and Hispanic adults were more vulnerable to income instability and food insecurity during the pandemic.4 This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in household finances during the early period of the pandemic. Using data from a nationally representative survey, we tested the hypotheses that Black and Hispanic older adults experienced reduced income and increased household spending in the first 3 months of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47975319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nihmotallahi A Adebayo, Toni Z Madorsky, Jonathan Alhalel, Sharon L Post, Catherine A O'Brian, Melissa A Simon
{"title":"Underrepresented Minority (URM) physician exploitation exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications to URM physician-faculty burnout and worsening health disparities.","authors":"Nihmotallahi A Adebayo, Toni Z Madorsky, Jonathan Alhalel, Sharon L Post, Catherine A O'Brian, Melissa A Simon","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"30 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8623530/pdf/nihms-1755355.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39674470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Providing Equitable Access to Health Care for Individuals with Disabilities: An Important Challenge for Medical Education.","authors":"Michele Sky Lee, Monica Diaz, Tamsen Bassford, Julie Armin, Heather J Williamson","doi":"10.54111/0001/RR2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/RR2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a recent national survey, over 50% of physicians reported not feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities. This finding is troubling as physicians are required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) to ensure their practice is accessible to individuals with disabilities. This commentary addresses the need for including disability in medical education and to provide inclusive and quality care for individuals with disabilities. We offer four recommendations to enhance medical school curricula that would educate medical students to provide equitable health services to individuals with disabilities: 1) embed disability training throughout medical education; 2) educate medical students to recognize multiple models of disability; 3) include education and experience with universal design and supported decision-making; and 4) include individuals with all types of disabilities in medical education. Including disability education for medical students should better prepare future physicians for feeling confident in their ability to provide care to individuals with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"44 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876026/pdf/nihms-1844778.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10638651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accessible Medical Education & TIC: Increasing Equitable Care for Disabled Patients.","authors":"Christina Su, P. Cyr","doi":"10.54111/0001/rr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/rr1","url":null,"abstract":"An estimated 1 in 4 U.S. adults has a disability, and this number continues to increase. Disabled individuals face significant healthcare inequities, including but not limited to inaccessibility and mistreatment. Our current healthcare system is ill-equipped to provide equitable care to this population. There is a lack of accessibility in healthcare environments, lack of accessible medical training to enable disabled people to become healthcare providers serving their own community, and lack of thorough medical education that encompasses care for disabled patients. Furthermore, the increased risk of trauma, as well as increased risk of medical trauma specifically, endured by disabled people puts them at greater risk of long-lasting adverse effects. In this commentary, we analyze three key areas: 1) the current state of healthcare for disabled patients, 2) disability in medical education & physician workforce, and 3) the relationship between trauma and disability. We argue that the road to more equitable care for disabled patients involves changes to medical education that address all three of these areas. Medical training should expose trainees to disability early and throughout their training, should be made more accessible to support disabled physicians, and finally, should be trauma-informed in a manner that explicitly includes caring for disabled patients and their other intersecting identities.","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70900149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Simon, Sankirtana Danner, Salma Saavedra, Fallon Flowers, Alema Jackson, Janell Ross, Hiba Abbas, Elizabeth Adetoro, Abbey Ekong, Cassandra Osei, Nicolás Francone, Jonathan Alhalel, Lisa Masinter, Danielle Lazar
{"title":"The Complex Interplay of Communication and Trust in Healthcare Delivery.","authors":"Melissa Simon, Sankirtana Danner, Salma Saavedra, Fallon Flowers, Alema Jackson, Janell Ross, Hiba Abbas, Elizabeth Adetoro, Abbey Ekong, Cassandra Osei, Nicolás Francone, Jonathan Alhalel, Lisa Masinter, Danielle Lazar","doi":"10.54111/0001/mm5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/mm5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective communication in clinician-patient relationships is an essential part of improving health outcomes. Ineffective communication in clinical settings leaves patients feeling undervalued and unheard. Breakdowns in communication can have particularly profound effects on minority or underserved populations, where health disparities already exist. Effective communication is critical for establishing trust, which allows individuals to feel they can share their concerns and questions. Distrust is a particularly important issue in maternal health, where current US rates of maternal mortality and morbidity are 3.1 times higher in Black and African American (AA) pregnant and birthing persons than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. To address the widespread issue of medical distrust and its connection with maternal health outcomes, the OPTIMIZE study is currently implementing an innovative intervention aimed at improving perinatal care for Black/AA pregnant persons. This intervention prompts clinician-patient conversations to enhance communication and repair trust, including a focus on patients' goals, concerns, social determinants of health, and safety. The implications of this intervention are broad, including the potential to improve trust and communication in other clinical specialties.</p>","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"39 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9940484/pdf/nihms-1872993.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9131030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accessible Medical Education & TIC: Increasing Equitable Care for Disabled Patients.","authors":"Christina Jean Su, Peppar E P Cyr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An estimated 1 in 4 U.S. adults has a disability, and this number continues to increase. Disabled individuals face significant healthcare inequities, including but not limited to inaccessibility and mistreatment. Our current healthcare system is ill-equipped to provide equitable care to this population. There is a lack of accessibility in healthcare environments, lack of accessible medical training to enable disabled people to become healthcare providers serving their own community, and lack of thorough medical education that encompasses care for disabled patients. Furthermore, the increased risk of trauma, as well as increased risk of medical trauma specifically, endured by disabled people puts them at greater risk of long-lasting adverse effects. In this commentary, we analyze three key areas: 1) the current state of healthcare for disabled patients, 2) disability in medical education & physician workforce, and 3) the relationship between trauma and disability. We argue that the road to more equitable care for disabled patients involves changes to medical education that address all three of these areas. Medical training should expose trainees to disability early and throughout their training, should be made more accessible to support disabled physicians, and finally, should be trauma-informed in a manner that explicitly includes caring for disabled patients and their other intersecting identities.</p>","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518008/pdf/nihms-1779986.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Davy Deng, John A Naslund","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare systems in many countries have been overwhelmed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, with increasing demands to contain and respond to the virus. The result has been increased pressure on frontline health workers. As the pandemic unfolds, the impact on health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is becoming apparent. In lower resource settings, the detrimental effects on frontline health workers will likely be significant due to fragmented infrastructure, low compensation, and significant shortages of necessary resources such as personal protective equipment. These high stress conditions, coupled with risk of infection and fears and anxieties among patients, can result in grave psychosocial consequences for frontline health workers, who play a vital role in delivering the bulk of primary care services in LMICs. In this narrative review, we consider the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline health workers in LMICs. We describe the important role of frontline health workers, summarize existing literature on burnout and risks to mental health in this essential workforce, and consider how public health emergencies exacerbate these concerns to showcase their vulnerability to mental health impacts of COVID-19. We explore emerging research on the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health workers and consider possible approaches to mitigate these consequences. This review draws from existing studies and emerging evidence to highlight the critical need to consider the wellbeing of frontline health workers, and to address these challenges as health systems respond to the pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"28 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7785092/pdf/nihms-1639166.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39126070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Frontline Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"D. Deng, John A Naslund","doi":"10.54111/0001/z1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54111/0001/z1","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare systems in many countries have been overwhelmed by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, with increasing demands to contain and respond to the virus. The result has been increased pressure on frontline health workers. As the pandemic unfolds, the impact on health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is becoming apparent. In lower resource settings, the detrimental effects on frontline health workers will likely be significant due to fragmented infrastructure, low compensation, and significant shortages of necessary resources such as personal protective equipment. These high stress conditions, coupled with risk of infection and fears and anxieties among patients, can result in grave psychosocial consequences for frontline health workers, who play a vital role in delivering the bulk of primary care services in LMICs. In this narrative review, we consider the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on frontline health workers in LMICs. We describe the important role of frontline health workers, summarize existing literature on burnout and risks to mental health in this essential workforce, and consider how public health emergencies exacerbate these concerns to showcase their vulnerability to mental health impacts of COVID-19. We explore emerging research on the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on health workers and consider possible approaches to mitigate these consequences. This review draws from existing studies and emerging evidence to highlight the critical need to consider the wellbeing of frontline health workers, and to address these challenges as health systems respond to the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73196,"journal":{"name":"Harvard public health review (Cambridge, Mass.)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70900337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}