{"title":"Analysis of risk factors for severe acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A retrospective study.","authors":"Yuxin Nong, Xuebiao Wei, Hongrui Qiu, Honghao Yang, Jiale Yang, Junquan Lu, Jianfeng Cao, Yanbin Fu, Danqing Yu","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1047249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1047249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI) tend to have a poor prognosis. However, the exact mechanism of the co-occurrence of the two diseases is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to determine the risk factors for severe AKI in patients with AMI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2022 patients were included in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care. Variables were identified <i>via</i> univariate logistic regression, and the variables were corrected <i>via</i> multivariate logistic regression. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the risks associated with the variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the risk of severe AKI among the patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with severe AKI had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (28.6% vs. 9.0%, P < 0.001) and a longer duration of intensive care (6.5 days vs. 2.9 days, P < 0.001). In patients with AMI, the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP); international normalized ratio (INR); the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, and calcium; and a history of liver disease were found to be the independent risk factors for developing severe AKI after their admission. Increased levels of BUN and blood glucose and a high INR increased the risk of severe AKI; however, increased levels of calcium decreased the risk; SBP presented a U-shaped curve relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with severe AKI have a poor prognosis following an episode of AMI. Furthermore, in patients with AMI, SBP; INR; a history of liver disease; and the levels of BUN, glucose, and calcium are the independent risk factors for developing severe AKI after their admission.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1047249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sehrish Qureshi, Naszrin Arani, Vishnu Parvathareddy, Amanda Tchakarov, Maen Abdelrahim, Maria Suarez-Almazor, Jianjun Zhang, Don Lynn Gibbons, John Heymach, Mehmet Altan, Ala Abudayyeh
{"title":"Case Report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced multiorgan vasculitis successfully treated with rituximab.","authors":"Sehrish Qureshi, Naszrin Arani, Vishnu Parvathareddy, Amanda Tchakarov, Maen Abdelrahim, Maria Suarez-Almazor, Jianjun Zhang, Don Lynn Gibbons, John Heymach, Mehmet Altan, Ala Abudayyeh","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1168614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1168614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. ICIs have a unique side effect profile, generally caused by inflammatory tissue damage, with clinical features similar to autoimmune conditions. Acute kidney injury from ICIs has been well studied; incidence ranges from 1% to 5%, with higher incidence when combination ICI therapies are used. Although the overall reported incidence of ICI-associated glomerulonephritis is less than 1%, vasculitis is the most commonly reported ICI-related glomerulonephritis. Other biopsy findings include thrombotic microangiopathy, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change disease, and IgA nephropathy with secondary amyloidosis. We report a case in which a woman previously treated with the PD-L1 inhibitor durvalumab for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer with pre-existing antineutrophil cytoplasmic (anti-PR3) antibody who later developed multi-organ vasculitis after ICI exposure, which was successfully treated with rituximab, with continued cancer remission for 3 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1168614"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10237266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevda Hassan, Lisa Mumford, Susan Robinson, Dora Foukanelli, Nick Torpey, Rutger J Ploeg, Nizam Mamode, Michael F Murphy, Colin Brown, David J Roberts, Fiona Regan, Michelle Willicombe
{"title":"Blood transfusions post kidney transplantation are associated with inferior allograft and patient survival-it is time for rigorous patient blood management.","authors":"Sevda Hassan, Lisa Mumford, Susan Robinson, Dora Foukanelli, Nick Torpey, Rutger J Ploeg, Nizam Mamode, Michael F Murphy, Colin Brown, David J Roberts, Fiona Regan, Michelle Willicombe","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1236520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1236520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient Blood Management (PBM), endorsed by the World Health Organisation is an evidence-based, multi-disciplinary approach to minimise inappropriate blood product transfusions. Kidney transplantation presents a particular challenge to PBM, as comprehensive evidence of the risk of transfusion is lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of post-transplant blood transfusions across multiple centres, to analyse risk factors for transfusion and to compare transplant outcomes by transfusion status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis was co-ordinated via the UK Transplant Registry within NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), and was performed across 4 centres. Patients who had received a kidney transplant over a 1-year period, had their transfusion status identified and linked to data held within the national registry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 720 patients, 221(30.7%) were transfused, with 214(29.7%) receiving a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. The proportion of patients transfused at each centre ranged from 20% to 35%, with a median time to transfusion of 4 (IQR:0-12) days post-transplant. On multivariate analysis, age [OR: 1.02(1.01-1.03), p=0.001], gender [OR: 2.11(1.50-2.98), p<0.0001], ethnicity [OR: 1.28(1.28-2.60), p=0.0008], and dialysis dependence pre-transplant [OR: 1.67(1.08-2.68), p=0.02], were associated with transfusion. A risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed transfusion was associated with inferior 1-year patient survival [HR 7.94(2.08-30.27), p=0.002] and allograft survival [HR: 3.33(1.65-6.71), p=0.0008], and inferior allograft function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RBC transfusions are common and are independently associated with inferior transplant outcomes. We urge that further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind the outcomes, to support the urgent development of transplant-specific anaemia guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1236520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10551193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei-Yi Guo, Li-Jun Sun, Hong-Rui Dong, Guo-Qin Wang, Xiao-Yi Xu, Wen-Rong Cheng, Zhi-Rui Zhao, Nan Ye, Yun Liu, Hong Cheng
{"title":"Characterization of patients with IgA nephropathy with and without associated minimal change disease.","authors":"Wei-Yi Guo, Li-Jun Sun, Hong-Rui Dong, Guo-Qin Wang, Xiao-Yi Xu, Wen-Rong Cheng, Zhi-Rui Zhao, Nan Ye, Yun Liu, Hong Cheng","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1105933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1105933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) presents various clinical manifestations and pathological phenotypes. Approximately 5% of patients with IgAN present with early onset nephrotic syndrome, mild mesangial lesions, and diffuse foot process effacement of podocytes, which resemble minimal change disease (MCD). These patients are defined as MCD-IgAN. Whether MCD-IgAN is a special type of IgAN or simply MCD accompanied by IgA deposition remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 51 patients diagnosed with MCD-IgAN at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2010 to September 2022 were recruited. The clinical and pathological characteristics of IgA-MCD were analyzed. Patients with IgAN but without MCD (non-MCD-IgAN) and healthy participants were enrolled as controls. Galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) and complement C3 were detected both in the circulation and in renal tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the levels of serum Gd-IgA1 were lower in participants with MCD-IgAN than in those with non-MCD-IgAN, but higher than in healthy participants. Gd-IgA1 was rarely deposited in the glomeruli of participants with MCD-IgAN, with a positive rate of only 13.7% (7/51); in contrast, the positive rate in participants with non-MCD-IgAN was 82.4% (42/51). Among renal Gd-IgA1-positive patients, Gd-IgA1 and immunoglobulin A (IgA) colocalized along the glomerular mesangial and capillary areas. Interestingly, we found that the circulating levels of complement C3 were significantly higher in participants with MCD-IgAN than in participants with non-MCD-IgAN. In addition, the intensity of C3c in glomeruli in participants with MCD-IgAN was significantly weaker than in participants with non-MCD-IgAN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that, in MCD-IgAN, most of the IgA that is deposited on glomeruli is not the same pathogenic Gd-IgA1 as found in general IgAN. Complement activation both in the circulation and in the renal locality was much weaker in MCD-IgAN than in non-MCD-IgAN. Our study suggests that IgAN with MCD might be MCD with coincidental IgA deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1105933"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10179973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dina Greenberg, Robert D'Cruz, Jon L Lacanlale, Christopher J Rowan, Norman D Rosenblum
{"title":"Hedgehog-GLI mediated control of renal formation and malformation.","authors":"Dina Greenberg, Robert D'Cruz, Jon L Lacanlale, Christopher J Rowan, Norman D Rosenblum","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1176347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1176347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CAKUT is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in children and comprises a broad spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities in kidney and ureter development. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CAKUT have been elucidated in genetic models, predominantly in the mouse, a paradigm for human renal development. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is critical to normal embryogenesis, including kidney development. Hh signaling mediates the physiological development of the ureter and stroma and has adverse pathophysiological effects on the metanephric mesenchyme, ureteric, and nephrogenic lineages. Further, disruption of Hh signaling is causative of numerous human developmental disorders associated with renal malformation; Pallister-Hall Syndrome (PHS) is characterized by a diverse spectrum of malformations including CAKUT and caused by truncating variants in the middle-third of the Hh signaling effector GLI3. Here, we outline the roles of Hh signaling in regulating murine kidney development, and review human variants in Hh signaling genes in patients with renal malformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1176347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10179978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle N Rheault, Sandra Amaral, Margret Bock, Eileen Tsai Chambers, Blanche Chavers, Mireile El Ters, Rouba Garro, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Amit Govil, Lyndsay Harshman, Hatem Amer, David K Hooper, Ajay K Israni, Samy Riad, Junichiro Sageshima, Ron Shapiro, Michael Seifert, Jodi Smith, Randall Sung, Christie P Thomas, Qi Wang, Priya S Verghese
{"title":"A randomized controlled trial of preemptive rituximab to prevent recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis post-kidney transplant (PRI-VENT FSGS): protocol and study design.","authors":"Michelle N Rheault, Sandra Amaral, Margret Bock, Eileen Tsai Chambers, Blanche Chavers, Mireile El Ters, Rouba Garro, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Amit Govil, Lyndsay Harshman, Hatem Amer, David K Hooper, Ajay K Israni, Samy Riad, Junichiro Sageshima, Ron Shapiro, Michael Seifert, Jodi Smith, Randall Sung, Christie P Thomas, Qi Wang, Priya S Verghese","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1181076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1181076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common cause of end-stage kidney disease requiring kidney transplantation and can recur in the allograft in 30-80% of recipients resulting in reduced graft survival. Plasmapheresis has shown efficacy in treating some cases of recurrent FSGS but isolated plasmapheresis has not demonstrated efficacy in preventing recurrent FSGS. Rituximab has had anecdotal success in preventing recurrence in a single center study but has not been studied in combination with plasmapheresis for preventing FSGS recurrence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We are conducting a randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial of adult and pediatric kidney transplant recipients with primary FSGS to assess whether plasmapheresis in combination with rituximab prevents recurrent disease post-transplantation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Rituximab combined with plasmapheresis is a promising, novel therapy to prevent recurrent FSGS, a disease with limited therapeutic options and no consensus guidelines for prevention or treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03763643, identifier NCT03763643.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1181076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10171639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jieting Zhang, Jiaxin Chen, Jing Xu, Cheng Xue, Zhiguo Mao
{"title":"Plant-derived compounds for treating autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.","authors":"Jieting Zhang, Jiaxin Chen, Jing Xu, Cheng Xue, Zhiguo Mao","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1071441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1071441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common monogenic hereditary kidney disease, is the fourth leading cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been made in delaying ADPKD progression with different kinds of chemical drugs, such as tolvaptan, rapamycin, and somatostatin. Meanwhile, numerous plant-derived compounds have been investigated for their beneficial effects on slowing ADPKD progression. Among them, saikosaponin-d, <i>Ganoderma</i> triterpenes, curcumin, ginkgolide B, steviol, resveratrol, <i>Sparganum stoloniferum</i> Buch.-Ham, <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i>, triptolide, quercitrin, naringin, cardamonin, gambogic acid, and olive leaf extract have been found to retard renal cyst development by inhibiting cell proliferation or promoting cell apoptosis in renal cyst-lining epithelial cells. Metformin, a synthesized compound derived from French lilac or goat's rue (<i>Galega officinalis</i>), has been proven to retard the progression of ADPKD. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of plant-derived compounds in treating ADPKD, which may constitute promising new therapeutics in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1071441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479581/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10551190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frailty as a dynamic process in a diverse cohort of older persons with dialysis-dependent CKD.","authors":"Nancy G Kutner, Rebecca Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fneph.2023.1031338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneph.2023.1031338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines frailty status evolution observed in a two-year follow-up of a cohort of older persons (age ≥65) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Frailty, a geriatric syndrome that connotes a state of low physiologic reserve and vulnerability to stressors, is associated with increased risk for multiple adverse health outcomes in studies of persons with CKD as well as older persons in the general population. The Fried frailty index defines frailty as the presence of 3 or more of 5 indicators-recent unintentional weight loss, slowed gait speed, decreased muscle strength, self-reported exhaustion, and low physical activity. In the seminal work by Fried and colleagues, persons who were characterized by 1-2 of the Fried index criteria were termed \"pre-frail\" and considered at risk for subsequently becoming frail, potentially providing insight regarding intervention targets that might slow or prevent individuals' transition from pre-frail to frail status. Other less frequently studied types of transitions may also be informative, including \"recovery or reversion\" (improvement) by people whose longitudinal assessments indicate movement from frailty to prefrailty or robust, or from prefrailty to robust. These status changes are also a potential source of insights relevant for prevention or remediation of frailty, but research focusing on the various ways that individuals may transition between frailty states over time remains limited, and no previous research has examined varying patterns of frailty status evolution in an older cohort of persons with dialysis-dependent CKD. In a study cohort of dialysis-dependent older persons, we characterized patterns of frailty status evolution by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and treatment vintage; by longitudinal profiles of non-sedentary behavior; and by self-report indicators relevant for dimensions emphasized in the Age-Friendly 4Ms Health System (What Matters, Mobility, Mentation). Our study suggests that strategies to promote resiliency among older persons with dialysis-dependent CKD can be informed not only by frailty status transition that indicates improvement over time but also by older adults' maintenance of (stable) robust status over time, and we concur that inclusion of both frailty and resilience measures is needed in future longitudinal studies and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73091,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in nephrology","volume":"3 ","pages":"1031338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10479570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10179972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}