Frontiers in drug delivery最新文献

{"title":"Food-derived molecules as regulators of intestinal tight junctions and barrier function: mechanisms and implications.","authors":"Sinéad M Ryan, David J Brayden","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1692219","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1692219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Controlling TJ permeability in the small intestine facilitates nutrient absorption, maintains luminal osmotic balance, and prevents the paracellular entry of pathogens. The pharmaceutical industry has leveraged the capacity of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives to transiently and reversibly open epithelial TJs in formulations to enable oral administration of therapeutic peptides, some of which have received regulatory approval or are progressing in advanced clinical trials. Other food-derived agent including chitosan and its analogues enhance mucoadhesion and also modulate TJ permeability in the intestine. Recently, pelargonidin, a polyphenolic pigment isolated from strawberries, has emerged as a promising food-derived TJ opener, facilitating oral insulin delivery in rat models. Conversely, other food or food-derived molecules reinforce TJ integrity while exerting antioxidant effects, thereby offering potential therapeutic benefits for conditions characterized by increased intestinal permeability including inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, and coeliac disease. Examples of such agents include the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), sodium butyrate, various essential and non-essential amino acids, fermented food, the trace element, zinc, and anthocyanins. The exploration of food-derived substances as modulators of intestinal epithelial TJ dynamics is still in its early stages but holds significant promise for future health applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"6 ","pages":"1692219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Colour of medicines and children's acceptability: What children think of the colour of oral dosage forms?","authors":"","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1818974","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1818974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fddev.2026.1744120.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"6 ","pages":"1818974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local delivery of tranexamic acid for hemorrhage control in trauma: a narrative review.","authors":"Henry T Peng, Christian J Kastrup, Catherine Tenn, Andrew Beckett","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1771095","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1771095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Uncontrolled hemorrhage, often accompanied by trauma-induced coagulopathy is a leading cause of preventable death, accounting for 30%-40% of trauma fatalities. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has been extensively studied and proven effective when administered systemically early in severe trauma. However, intravenous (IV) administration poses logistical challenges in prehospital and combat settings, and potential risk of thrombosis. Emerging strategies aim to enhance TXA delivery through localized systems and alternative routes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The review explores non-IV routes of delivering TXA for hemorrhage control in trauma, focusing on local, intramuscular (IM), intraosseous (IO), and oral routes, and novel delivery systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive synthesis of preclinical and clinical studies was conducted, focusing on the material preparation, characterization, hemostatic efficacy, pharmacokinetics and practical applicability of novel TXA delivery platforms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polymeric, inorganic, and composite materials demonstrated enhanced local hemostasis through rapid clot formation and multifunctional properties. Self-propelling systems enabled autonomous penetration into deep wounds, improving clotting time and survival in animal models. IM and IO routes achieved rapid systemic TXA levels comparable to IV as confirmed in both human and animal studies, while oral TXA showed limited utility in acute trauma. Despite promising results, clinical studies on local TXA delivery especially biomaterials-based and self-propelling delivery systems in trauma remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TXA demonstrates effectiveness in hemorrhage control through local delivery, either integrated with hemostatic materials or administered via IM and IO routes as practical alternatives to IV infusion in emergency settings. Future research should prioritize formulation optimization, integration of smart features for controlled release, and clinical validation to enable widespread adoption in prehospital and battlefield environments. While topical TXA has shown safety and efficacy in surgical contexts, additional clinical trials are required to confirm its role in traumatic hemorrhage and establish standardized protocols. These innovations offer practical and physiological advantages for managing bleeding, particularly in resource-limited and battlefield environments. Further research is needed to validate safety, scalability, and clinical efficacy across diverse trauma scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"6 ","pages":"1771095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colour of medicines and children's acceptability: What children think of the colour of oral dosage forms?","authors":"Elisa Alessandrini, Sveinbjorn Gizurarson, Jennifer Walsh, Roy Turner, Daniel Schaufelberger, Sonia Iurian, Hannah Batchelor, Sandra Klein, Begonya Nafria, Pamela Dicks, Segolene Gaillard, Axel R Franz, Jasmin Albano, Aleksander Wisniewski, Charlotte Vermehren, Christina Gade, Jon Traerup Andersen, Catherine Tuleu","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1744120","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1744120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colour plays an important role in shaping consumer experiences, and in the context of medicines, it may influence patients' expectations, behaviours, and treatment adherence. There is limited research on how children respond to medicine colour, despite their increased sensitivity to sensory cues. A previous literature review indicated that colour may affect medicine acceptability in children but highlighted the need for further research. This cross-sectional study aimed to fill that gap by directly collecting children's opinions on the colour of oral medicines through an online survey, targeting a diverse paediatric population across age, health status, and countries in Europe.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The survey, developed by UCL School of Pharmacy UCL REC (ID 26765/001) and reviewed by experts of the European Young Persons Advisory Group Network (eYPAGnet), was translated into five languages and distributed <i>via</i> QR codes and anonymous links. Response collection occurred between September 2024 and April 2025. Participants included children aged 3 to 18, with parental assistance when needed and parental consent. Responses were analysed using the software R Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 669 people who accessed the survey, 382 completed it. For liquids, pink (23%), colourless (16.5%), and blue (15.2%) were most preferred. Reasons included appealing look and taste associations (e.g., strawberry for pink). For solids, white (29.1%), pink (18%), and blue (12.5%) led, with neutral appearance and berry-related flavours cited. Statistically significant gender and age differences in preferences emerged, while variations by health, or country were not always significant. Ratings for previously used medicines highlighted preference for purple, pink, and blue, while white and colourless received moderate scores. A statistically significant link between taste and colour emerged (ρ = 0.42, <i>p-</i>value 2.2 × 10^-16), suggesting that the colour of a medicine may influence children's anticipation of its taste and shape their overall expectations of the treatment experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers valuable insight into children's preferences for medicine colour. Pink and blue were associated with sweet/flavourful tastes, while neutral colours were perceived as tasteless, particularly by participants aged 12-18 years. These findings can inform paediatric formulation strategies, particularly the selection and use of colouring agents, in alignment with current regulatory requirements when their inclusion is considered necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"6 ","pages":"1744120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12946078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing transdermal drug delivery through 4D bioprinting and dynamic skin modelling.","authors":"Prina Mehta","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1753384","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2026.1753384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) provides a non-invasive approach for sustained drug release. However, traditional models present limitations in capturing the dynamic interactions between drugs, skin and the environmental factors over time. The incorporation of time as a critical dimension alongside three-dimensional (3D) structures in four-dimensional (4D) modelling offers a promising solution by simulating the temporal evolution of drug diffusion and skin responses. In this review, 4D modelling refers to the computational and material-based systems that incorporate time-dependent changes whereas 4D bioprinting specifically involves fabrication of dynamic, stimuli-responsive skin constructs. Together, these approaches create temporally adaptive models which are ideal for simulating drug permeation and skin behaviour. This review will explore the potential application of 4D modelling in TDD, primarily focusing on and emphasising its capacity to predict drug permeation, release kinetics and skin interactions in response to variables such as hydration, temperature and mechanical impact. 4D bioprinting provides a more accurate depiction of real-world scenarios, enabling researchers to optimise drug formulations whilst minimising reliance on empirical testing. Despite challenges associated with cost and complexity, 4D modelling presents considerable opportunities, particularly in the advancement of personalised medicine. The integration of artificial intelligence could further enhance these models, resulting in more accurate predictions. By addressing both spatial and temporal dimensions, 4D constructs will continue to evolve and have the potential to transform TDD; particularly in the context of individualised treatment where dynamic patient-specific variables can be integrated to develop more effective and tailored treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"6 ","pages":"1753384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147379904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting F2R/PAR1 with ligand decorated lipid nanocarriers for enhanced drug delivery into ovarian cancer cells.","authors":"Riya Khetan, Weranga Rajapaksha, Bukuru D Nturubika, Todd A Gillam, Doug A Brooks, Sanjay Garg, Anton Blencowe, Hugo Albrecht, Preethi Eldi","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1727958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2025.1727958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer treatment by chemotherapy is often complicated by severe systemic toxicity, highlighting the need for targeted delivery techniques that can improve drug efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Our previous research identified the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), coagulation factor II thrombin receptor/protease activated receptor 1 (F2R/PAR1), as a potential therapeutic target in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues. Here we report the design of an engineered lipid nanoparticle (LNP), conjugated with a synthetic short peptide agonist that mimics the F2R-activating tethered ligand. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded LNPs (LNP-DOX), were physically characterized to assess the drug encapsulation efficacy, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and release kinetics. <i>In vitro</i> investigation demonstrated that the peptide-conjugated LNPs had significantly increased cellular uptake and cytotoxicity compared to their non-conjugated equivalents in an established ovarian cancer cell line. The results underscore the therapeutic potential of ligand-directed nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery into ovarian cancer cells and further validates F2R as a promising cell surface target.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"5 ","pages":"1727958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-HER2-targeted therapies: effects on human <i>in vitro</i> blood-brain barrier models.","authors":"Carolin J Curtaz, Rebecca Gebert, Achim Wöckel, Patrick Meybohm, Malgorzata Burek","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1700455","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1700455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic breast cancer is associated with very poor overall survival and a reduced quality of life. HER2-positive breast cancer forms brain metastases at the late stages. Established therapies such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab/pertuzumab, lapatinib and tucatinib are widely used and are selectively toxic to HER2-positive breast cancer cell line. However, the effects of these therapies on the properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remain unclear. We investigated this using an <i>in vitro</i> human BBB model derived from CD34⁺ cells differentiated into brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs) and hCMEC/D3 cell line. BLECs were treated with different concentrations of trastuzumab, pertuzumab, trastuzumab/pertuzumab, lapatinib or tucatinib for 24 h and 48 h. We measured cell viability, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), paracellular permeability to fluorescein and mRNA expression profiles. Most treatments showed no effect on cell viability, permeability and TEER of endothelial cells. While treatment of BLECs with lapatinib and tucatinib at low concentrations resulted in increased cell viability/metabolism, treatment with a higher concentration of 5 μg/mL resulted in toxic effects. These results were confirmed using another BBB <i>in vitro</i> model, hCMEC/D3. Treatment with trastuzumab and trastuzumab/pertuzumab resulted in changes in the mRNA expression of BBB marker genes encoding efflux pumps (P-gp (ABCB1)/BCRP (ABCG2)), the glucose transporter GLUT-1 (SLC2A1), tight junction proteins (occludin (OCLN)/claudin-5 (CLDN5)) and the pro-inflammatory chemokine CCL2. In conclusion, we demonstrate different time- and concentration-dependent effects of anti-HER2-targeted therapies for the treatment of advanced HER2-positive breast cancer on the BBB <i>in vitro</i>. Further experiments are required to assess the clinical relevance of our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"5 ","pages":"1700455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12819789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics-guided parametric modeling of intranasal spray devices and formulations for targeted drug delivery to the nasopharynx.","authors":"Md Tariqul Hossain, Abir Malakar, Mohammad Yeasin, William O'Connell, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Akash, Azadeh A T Borojeni, Devranjan Samanta, Gerallt Williams, Joshua Reineke, Gonçalo Farias, Sunghwan Jung, Julie Suman, Saikat Basu","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1721960","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1721960","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Improving the efficacy of nasal sprays by enhancing targeted drug delivery to intra-airway tissue sites prone to infection onset is hypothesized to be achievable through an optimization of key device and formulation parameters, such as the sprayed droplet sizes, the spray cone angle, and the formulation density. This study focuses on the nasopharynx, a primary locus of early viral entry, as the optimal target for intranasal drug delivery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Two full-scale three-dimensional anatomical upper airway geometries reconstructed from high-resolution computed tomography scans were used to numerically evaluate a cone injection approach, with inert particles mimicking the motion of sprayed droplets within an underlying inhaled airflow field of 15 L/min, commensurate with relaxed breathing conditions. Therein we have considered monodisperse sprayed particles sized between 10-50 &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; m, six material densities ranging from 1.0-1.5 g/mL for the constituent formulation, and twelve plume angles spanning 15 &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; - 70 &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; subtended by the spray jet at the nozzle position. Large Eddy Simulation-based modeling of the inhaled airflow physics within the anatomical domains was coupled with a Lagrangian particle-tracking framework to derive the drug deposition trend at the nasopharynx.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The resulting three-dimensional deposition contour map, obtained by interpolating the outcomes for the discrete test parameters, revealed that the mean nasopharyngeal deposition rate peaked for particle sizes &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;∈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mtext&gt; &lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; [25, 45] &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;μ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; m and plume angles &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≲&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; 30 &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/msup&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , with the deposition rates averaged over the test airway geometries and formulation densities. That mean deposition rate at the nasopharynx was approximately 11.4% within the specified &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;{&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;θ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mo&gt;}&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; parametric bounds. In addition, the formulation density of 1.0 g/mL yielded the highest mean deposition rate, over the comprehensive tested range of sprayed particle sizes and plume angles. A subset of the simulated nasopharyngeal deposition trends was experimentally validated through representative physical spray tests conducted in a 3D-printed replica of one of the test geometries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;The overall findings, while implicitly tied to the two test subjects (i.e., for spray administration through four representative nasal pathways), do collectively demonstrate that rational optimization of the intranasal sprays for targeted nasopharyngeal deposition is attainable with actionable design modifica","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"5 ","pages":"1721960"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12741747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145851879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of encapsulated dexamethasone sodium phosphate (eDSP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disorders.","authors":"Biljana Horn, Giovanni Mambrini, Maureen Roden, Caralee Schaefer, Dirk Thye, Mauro Magnani","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1730142","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1730142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glucocorticoids are cornerstone treatment for inflammatory diseases but are limited by systemic toxicity from high-dose and prolonged use. Encapsulation of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in autologous erythrocytes aims for sustained drug release with an improved safety profile. This manuscript summarizes early clinical studies of encapsulated DSP (eDSP) in pulmonary and inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD). From 2001 to 2013, eight clinical studies investigated eDSP in patients whose age ranged from 5 to 83 years, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). DSP was loaded into autologous erythrocytes <i>ex vivo</i> and reinfused every 2 weeks, or monthly. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 24 months. In pulmonary indications, eDSP resulted in improved FEV1 and reduced infections in CF patients, and improved symptoms in COPD with markedly reduced corticosteroid doses. In IBD, eDSP enabled steroid withdrawal in 60%-78% of patients and achieved remission in pediatric and adult CD and UC. Adverse effects typical of corticosteroids were notably absent. Limitations of these studies included small sample sizes, lack of placebo groups in some trials, and inter-patient variability in erythrocyte drug loading. Pharmacokinetic studies documented persistence of dexamethasone levels up to 4 weeks post-infusion. Early studies demonstrate that eDSP is a feasible and well-tolerated treatment in children and older patients, delivering low-dose corticosteroids with prolonged therapeutic levels. These findings support further development of erythrocyte-based drug delivery for chronic inflammatory diseases in patients with steroid sensitive or steroid-dependent disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"5 ","pages":"1730142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12719489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Modelling of intravascular drug delivery using nanocarriers.","authors":"Panagiotis Neofytou, Nicolae-Viorel Buchete","doi":"10.3389/fddev.2025.1681622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fddev.2025.1681622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73079,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in drug delivery","volume":"5 ","pages":"1681622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12536248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145350427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}