Exploration of medicine最新文献

{"title":"The low expression of matrix metalloproteinases: a key to longevity?","authors":"K. Sak","doi":"10.37349/emed.2024.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2024.00213","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, it has become clear that an excessive activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can accelerate the progression and fatal outcomes of several serious age-related diseases, including atherosclerotic coronary heart disorders and various types of malignancies. These proteolytic enzymes mediate the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix through cleaving its various components, thereby affecting many critical functions of surrounding cells and intercellular communication. Consequently, the low expression levels of MMPs can be important in the prevention and treatment of such chronic life-threatening pathologies, contributing to the better quality of life and longer life expectancy. In this review article, the pathogenic proteolytic roles of MMPs are examined in more detail, especially in the cases of heart attack and stroke as well as cancer invasion and metastasis, showing that these enzymes can be considered not only as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers but also as important therapeutic targets in the fight against many age- and lifestyle-related serious disorders. The identification and development of suppressing agents with a selective activity towards specific MMPs have, however, still remained a complex and complicated challenge, in which natural plant-derived compounds are increasingly recognized as promising leads for the new-generation inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"10 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140728975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) family history on patients with ME/CFS.","authors":"Leonard A Jason, Sarah Ngonmedje","doi":"10.37349/emed.2024.00215","DOIUrl":"10.37349/emed.2024.00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>It is unclear if individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with family histories of ME/CFS differ from those with ME/CFS without this family history. To explore this issue, quantitative data from patients with ME/CFS and controls were collected, and we examined those with and without family histories of ME/CFS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The samples included 400 patients with ME/CFS, and a non-ME/CFS chronic illness control group of 241 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 173 with post-polio syndrome (PPS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confirming findings from prior studies, those with ME/CFS were more likely to have family members with ME/CFS than controls. We found family histories of ME/CFS were significantly higher (18%) among the ME/CFS group than the non-ME/CFS controls (3.9%). In addition, patients with ME/CFS who had family histories of ME/CFS were more likely to have gastrointestinal symptoms than those with ME/CFS without those family histories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the recent reports of gastrointestinal difficulties among those with ME/CFS, our findings might represent one predisposing factor for the emergence of ME/CFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"5 2","pages":"185-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol de novo biosynthesis: a promising target to overcome the resistance to aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer","authors":"D. Coradini, Federico Ambrogi","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00196","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Cholesterol is an essential component of cell membranes and serves as a precursor for several bioactive molecules, including steroid hormones and isoprenoids. Generally supplied by the bloodstream, the de novo cholesterol biosynthesis is activated in response to an increased cell requirement due to normal tissue remodeling or tumor proliferation. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers, cholesterol biosynthesis may promote and sustain tumor growth and concur with the failure of the treatment with aromatase inhibitors. Methods: In this study, the comparison of gene compared the expression involved in cholesterol biosynthesis was conducted in ER-positive tumors that were responsive and nonresponsive to letrozole; besides, an exploration of their association with genes implicated in estrogen production, the Hippo pathway, and cell cycle control was performed. Results: In responsive tumors, letrozole significantly decreased the expression of five genes [acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), and squalene epoxidase (SQLE)] crucial for the biosynthetic process. Conversely, in nonresponsive tumors, these genes were unaffected by letrozole but associated with several genes involved in estrogens production [cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1), hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2), and sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 (SULT1A1)], cell cycle [control cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6], and Hippo pathway [Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) and baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) repeat containing 5 (BIRC5)]. Conclusions: The findings corroborated the notion that the dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway may contribute to the resistance to letrozole and supported the use of statins to contrast this metabolic dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From positive psychology to positive biology: laughter and longevity","authors":"Freda N. Gonot-Schoupinsky","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00198","url":null,"abstract":"Gelotology (the study of laughter) has it seems mainly evaded the attention of longevity scientists, positive biologists, and geroscientists. However, the potential of laughter to result in immediate improved affect, increase overall well-being, reduce cortisol levels, benefit the immune system, and support cardiovascular health, to name only a few of its possible effects, renders it of high interest as an anti-aging strategy. As an intervention, laughter has, at least theoretically, the potential to slow the process of aging, and to ameliorate its lived experience. What makes laughter particularly attractive is that it is accessible to all, is very low risk, and is inherently, for most people, enjoyable. Ten years ago, lifestyle medics first proposed that laughter be prescribed in primary care. They pointed to its efficacy in general patient care, geriatrics, rheumatology, critical care, oncology, rehabilitation, psychiatry, home care, palliative care, terminal care, and hospice care. Nevertheless, laughter prescription has been slow to take off. It is therefore of interest to contemplate why, how, and to what effect, laughter can be harnessed to improve people’s lives. Quality research is recommended to uncover the secrets of laughter, its dynamic effects on the body, if, and how, it may impact longevity, and how it can best be used to promote successful and active aging.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"113 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139146887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The differential effect of the immune system in breast cancer","authors":"Banashree Bondhopadhyay, Showket Hussain, Vishakha Kasherwal","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00197","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer cure with immunotherapy is an innovative step towards cancer treatment with better survivability, but it is mostly dependent on the response of the patient’s immune system to the immunotherapeutic approach. This descriptive review article emphasizes the conventional and advanced treatment modalities currently available for breast cancer management. This review also highlights the clinical management of breast cancer concerning immune response especially to unravel the prospects for manipulation of immune cells: such as lymphocytes, including T-cells, T-regulatory cells and natural killer cells, and others like macrophages, dendritic cells, and the panel of interleukins or interferons released by them which has made a significant impact on breast cancer research. In addition, an effort was made to emphasize the different clinical trials and their future implication for the reduction of breast cancer cases. Overall, an attempt has been made to shed light on the possibilities of immunotherapeutics in breast cancer care, as well as the role of immune response in the incidence, aggressiveness, and survival of breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing in biomedicine: advancing personalized care through additive manufacturing","authors":"K. Pathak, Riya Saikia, Aparoop Das, Dibyajyoti Das, Md Ariful Islam, Pallab Pramanik, Abhishek Parasar, PARTHA PROTIM BORTHAKUR, Pranjal Sarmah, Madhurjya Saikia, Barbie Borthakur","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00200","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques into the domains of biomedical research and personalized medicine highlights the evolving paradigm shifts within contemporary healthcare. This technological advancement signifies potential breakthroughs in patient-specific therapeutic interventions and innovations. This systematic review offers a critical assessment of the existing literature, elucidating the present status, inherent challenges, and prospective avenues of 3D printing in augmenting biomedical applications and formulating tailored medical strategies. Based on an exhaustive literature analysis comprising empirical studies, case studies, and extensive reviews from the past decade, pivotal sectors including tissue engineering, prosthetic development, drug delivery systems, and customized medical apparatuses are delineated. The advent of 3D printing provides precision in the fabrication of patient-centric implants, bio-structures, and devices, thereby mitigating associated risks. Concurrently, it facilitates the ideation of individualized drug delivery paradigms to optimize therapeutic outcomes. Notwithstanding these advancements, issues concerning material biocompatibility, regulatory compliance, and the economic implications of avant-garde printing techniques persist. To fully harness the transformative potential of 3D printing in healthcare, collaborative endeavors amongst academicians, clinicians, industrial entities, and regulatory bodies are paramount. With continued research and innovation, 3D printing is poised to redefine the trajectories of biomedical science and patient-centric care. The paper aims to justify the research objective of whether to what extent the integration of 3D printing technology in biomedicine enhances patient-specific treatment and contributes to improved healthcare outcomes.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pulmonary vascular endothelium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Does endothelium play a role in the onset and progression of COPD?","authors":"Silvia Siragusa, Giulia Natali, A. Nogara, Marcello Trevisani, C. Lagrasta, Silvia Pontis","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00199","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory lung pathology characterized by persistent airflow limitation and is the third leading cause of death globally. COPD pathophysiology includes both environmental and host risk factors and the presence of comorbidities contributes to its harmful outcome. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely related to COPD and their coexistence is associated with worse outcomes than either condition alone. COPD impairs the cardiovascular system favoring mostly endothelial dysfunction that is a significant COPD prognostic factor at different stages of the disease. The mechanisms promoting endothelial dysfunction in the systemic and/or pulmonary circulation of COPD patients are different and include systemic inflammation, alteration of adhesion and pro-inflammatory molecules, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the role of endothelium in the onset and progression of COPD and CVD is not yet fully understood. Hence, the purpose of this narrative review is to analyze the literature and provide evidence supporting the importance of endothelial dysfunction in COPD.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"5 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139147427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory failure after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer","authors":"Zhanglan Fang, Hao Yang, Yi Long, Dongyun Xu, Benyu Su, Chao Xu, Huguang Yang, Feng Xu, Ling Luo","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00195","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Respiratory failure is common after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC). This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory failure following esophagectomy for EC. Methods: A single-center observational study from China was conducted on 262 patients with EC who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy between April 2014 and June 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: group I (respiratory failure) and group II (without respiratory failure). Demographic and perioperative variables, tumor-related factors, surgical factors, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, and clinical course were compared between the groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the risk factors of postoperative respiratory failure after esophagectomy. Results: Among the 262 patients, 24 (9.2%) developed respiratory failure. Univariable analysis revealed several risk factors, including age, smoking, comorbidities, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC percentage (FVC%), urine volume during surgery, and APACHE II score. Multivariable analysis showed that age, comorbidities of diabetes mellitus (DM), FVC%, urine volume during surgery, and APACHE II score were independent predictors of respiratory failure. Specifically, elderly patients (> 65 years) with comorbidities of DM, lower FVC%, higher urine volume during surgery, and elevated APACHE II score were found to be more susceptible to respiratory failure, resulting in prolonged hospitalization and increased healthcare burden. These findings emphasize the importance of considering these factors in the management and care of patients at risk of respiratory failure. Conclusions: As a common complication following esophagectomy for EC. Respiratory failure is significantly associated with age, comorbidities of DM, FVC%, urine volume during surgery, and APACHE II score in the dataset. The findings will contribute to the evaluation of the risk of respiratory failure and guide early intervention strategies in clinical decision-making.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for the development of lung cancer around the world: a review","authors":"Hervé Agonsanou, Ricardo Figueiredo, Maurice Bergeron","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00201","url":null,"abstract":"According to recent data reported, it is noted that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death internationally followed by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This disease is observed in both women and men and is related to lifestyle habits. Several causes are reported to be at the origin of lung cancer, especially smoking. It is important to note that the majority of lung cancers develop in the bronchi, that is to say at the level of the upper airways which lead to the lungs, which does not however make it possible to rule out the risk factors that come under environmental pollution since man breathes the air quality of the environment every day for his breathing. This review of the literature has made it possible to draw up a state of knowledge in order to understand the risk factors that increase lung cancer. More specifically, this work will make it possible to raise awareness in the field of the fight against cancer, in particular lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"104 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current roles of artificial intelligence in ophthalmology","authors":"K. Keskinbora","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00194","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) studies are increasingly reporting successful results in the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ophthalmological diseases as well as systemic disorders. The goal of this review is to detail how AI can be utilized in making diagnostic predictions to enhance the clinical setting. It is crucial to keep improving methods that emphasize clarity in AI models. This makes it possible to evaluate the information obtained from ocular imaging and easily incorporate it into therapeutic decision-making procedures. This will contribute to the wider acceptance and adoption of AI-based ocular imaging in healthcare settings combining advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques with new developments. Multiple studies were reviewed and evaluated, including AI-based algorithms, retinal images, fundus and optic nerve head (ONH) photographs, and extensive expert reviews. In these studies, carried out in various countries and laboratories of the world, it is seen those complex diagnoses, which can be detected systemic diseases from ophthalmological images, can be made much faster and with higher predictability, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, in addition to ophthalmological diseases, by comparing large numbers of images and teaching them to the computer. It is now clear that it can be taken advantage of AI to achieve diagnostic certainty. Collaboration between the fields of medicine and engineering foresees promising advances in improving the predictive accuracy and precision of future medical diagnoses achieved by training machines with this information. However, it is important to keep in mind that each new development requires new additions or updates to various social, psychological, ethical, and legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"137 9‐12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}