Advances in environmental science and technology最新文献

{"title":"Statistical analysis of tropospheric ozone and its precursors using principal component analysis in an urban area of Surat, India","authors":"N. Jariwala, Drashti V. Kapadia","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4834.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4834.1308","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the sources of tropospheric ozone (O3) precursors in an urban area using principal component analysis. Chemically reactive conventional pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as well as some selected meteorological parameters such as global solar radiation (SR), air temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), and wind direction (WD) were incorporated in this analysis. The data obtained from real-time sensor based continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations which are established at Limbayat and Varachha, situated in Surat city, India are used in this study.. O3 data were distributed according to the four seasons owing to variations in the Indian climatic conditions. The occurrence of peak O3 level in the summer afternoon at around 5 p.m. proved the well-known fact of interconnection among temperature, solar radiation, and increment in O3 concentration. Regardless of long-range transformation and stratospheric intrusion, ozone was propagated based on only a single phenomenon, i.e., chemical reaction occurring between key pollutants manifested with large variances in the first two principal components (PCs). WS and WD were found to be the least influencing parameters using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. CO and NO The potencies of CO and NO were remarkable either in the first or second PC observed at both locations with more than 45% concentration, which alluded that the main source of O3 was urban transportation and AT contributed with weightage 50% in PC ascertained key role of photolysis process in the O3 formation.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"29 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89310357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of different materials of green roofing on the quantity and quality of stored and drainage water by using simulated rainfall setup","authors":"Hasti Nazemi, F. Misaghi, Ali Ghahramanzadeh","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4662.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4662.1271","url":null,"abstract":"One of the methods to control the rain on the spot and reuse it is the green roof. This method uses a multi-layer system of vegetation on the roof and balcony of a building to absorb part of the rainwater; the volume and peak runoff are also reduced by evaporation, transpiration, and treatment processes. This research was conducted as a field experiment in the hydraulic laboratory of the Agriculture Faculty in the University of Zanjan, Iran. The factors of the study design included a green roof covered with shards of brick and cultivated soil (grass). The experiments were performed at rainfall intensities of 45, 55, and 65 mm/h with 5, 10, and 25 year return periods, respectively. Also, the volume of the water stored and drainage was measured in different conditions. The results of this study showed that regardless of the type of materials used in the green roof, with increasing time, the amount of water stored in the green roof decreased, and the amount of drained water increased. A comparison of the average performance of the brick and grass modifiers for green roofs showed that the volume of the stored water in the grass corrector was higher; if the shards of bricks were used, 69% of the rainfall would be stored, and 31% was drained. However, adding grass to the green roof increased the volume of stored water to 78% and reduced the volume of drainage water to 22%. Also, the presence of grass on the green roof reduced the electrical conductivity by 32% compared to the single brick.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"223 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85936388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The CO2 removal of flue gas using hollow fiber membrane contactor: a comprehensive modeling and new perspectives","authors":"Masoud Noordokht, S. Abdoli","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.5060.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.5060.1371","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a novel hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) under a non-wet condition was numerically explored by CFD techniques based on the finite element method to capture CO2 from the CH4/CO2 gas mixture. A new design, such as a shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles, was proposed. The MEA, DEA, and TEA, as different amines solutions, were selected as the liquid solvents. A CO2-containing gas mixture and amine solution were passed in the shell side and the tube side of the membrane contactor, respectively. The simulation findings indicated a good agreement with the reported experimental data demonstrating that such a model would evaluate the effects of different parameters during the HFMC system. Specifically, the results showed that the baffles' presence improved the separation efficiency due to the increased residence time on the shell side. The results also indicated that the MEA solution had the highest CO2 absorption. In the new design (shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles), the rising solvent inlet velocity, decreasing gas velocity, and counter-current flow pattern positively affected separation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75443315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Cost of CO2 emissions in Tehran Waste Management Scenarios and select the scenario based on least impact on Global Warming by using Life Cycle Assessment","authors":"Fahimeh Rahimi, F. Atabi, J. Nouri, G. Omrani","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4338.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4338.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change includes global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. Tehran, Iran, has a population of 13 million (2017) and produces about 13,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day and 4.7 million tons annually. This study used the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to calculate all the emissions in different scenarios for Tehran's waste management. The IWM model was used for Phase II of the LCA. The results of the proposed scenarios showed that the highest emission was from greenhouse gases (GHG), which were9.6, 3.2, and 2.7 million tons in the first, second, and third scenarios, respectively. The IPCC reports and the results from the life cycle inventories were used to calculate the social cost analysis for the scenarios based on the CO2 equivalents. The third scenario caused a 71.8% and 17.2% reduction in terms of social costs compared to the first and second scenarios, respectively. Thus, according to the importance of greenhouse gases in global warming, employing a third scenario in the waste management system could effectively reduce greenhouse gases in Tehran.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84511125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Ignition Using Ethanol on Mo and Al2O3-TiO2 Coated in CI Engine for Environmental Benefits","authors":"Balu Pandian","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4591.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4591.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Today, because of expansion in oil costs, restricted petroleum product assets, ecological thought and an unnatural weather change, the ethanol fills have been centered around elective powers. The use of ethanol is more effective in compression ignition (CI) engines because it is about 30 percent more effective than in spark-ignition (SI) engines due to increased combustion efficiency. The use of ethanol in low heat rejection (LHR) engines helps raise the temperature of the combustion chamber, creating a heat barrier around it. The effect of coating the cylinder head, pistons, and valves of a diesel engine with the molybdenum (Mo) and Al2O3+TiO2 is investigated in this work. As a result, the coated pieces of the combustion chamber were accommodated by a heated boundary. The coated and uncoated engines were evaluated under similar engine operating conditions. The CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced, but NOx emissions slightly increased for the Al2O3+TiO2 coated engine. As a result, it has the most beneficial environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74187433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertically aligned carbon nanotube membrane: synthesis, characterization and application in salt water desalination","authors":"H. Azami, M. Omidkhah","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4707.1281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4707.1281","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies used molecular dynamics simulation to assess the feasibility of applying the vertically aligned carbon nanotube membranes (VA-CNT) for salt water desalination. The presented report experimentally determined the potential of salt water desalination by VA-CNT membrane. The VA-CNT membranes were synthesized through the templated-assisted pyrolysis of polybenzimidazole-Kapton inside the pores of anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) and were characterized by several techniques. The permeability, salt rejection, and biofouling tendency of VA-CNT membranes were measured in various operating conditions and the results were compared with performance of commercial reverse osmosis (RO) membrane (BW30). The VA-CNT membranes permeability was about two-fold higher than permeability of RO membrane. Furthermore, VA-CNT membranes had higher stability against biofouling phenomena and, also showed antibacterial activity so that about 70% of adsorbed cells on VA-CNT membranes were killed by CNTs tips which were vertically aligned on the membrane surface. The rejection efficiency of the VA-CNT membrane was comparable to the commercial RO membrane. Finally, chlorine stability studies showed that strong hypochlorite exposure (48000 ppm.h) did not significantly fail the flux and rejection of the VA-CNT membranes confirming their chemical stability. This study shows the high capability of the VA-CNT membrane in the water treatment process.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78703212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variations of gaseous air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO) and particulates (PM2.5, PM10) in Gazipur: an industrial city in Bangladesh","authors":"Tarmina Akhtar Mukta, Mir Md. Mozammal Hoque, Md. Eusuf Sarker, N. Hossain, Gautom Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4890.1320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4890.1320","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the impacts of seasonal variation on the atmospheric abundance of gaseous air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO) and particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) at Gazipur city. The air pollution data was collected from the study area using a Continuous Air Monitoring Station (CAMS) (CAMS-4, Gazipur) of DoE from October 2017 to September 2018. The highest concentrations of air pollutants were found in the winter (PM2.5=208 μg/m3, PM10=300 μg/m3, NO2=45.1 ppb, CO=3.91 ppm, O3=4.17 ppb) as opposed to those of the post-monsoon (PM2.5=133μg/m3, PM10=169 μg/m3, NO2=23.52 ppb, CO=2.25 ppm, O3=7.71 ppb), pre-monsoon (PM2.5=115 μg/m3, PM10=216 μg/m3, NO2=33.5 ppb, CO=1.75 ppm, O3=4.23 ppb), and monsoon (PM2.5=37.5 μg/m3, PM10=85.6 μg/m3, NO2=13.9 ppb, CO=0.84 ppm, O3=4.23 ppb). The highest concentration of five air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, O3)indicated that the higher pollutant load in the winter was associated with large-scale polluted air transported from the brick kiln at a distance of 5-7 km at the sampling site. The wind-rose data analysis indicated that most of the air during the winter season came to the sampling site from the northern part of the Gazipur district, from the brickfield zones. In contrast, a reverse relationship between the rainfall and atmospheric pollution, temperature, and atmospheric pollution load was observed during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter. This finding revealed that the lowest concentration of air pollutants during monsoon was associated with the washout effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants. A moderate correlation (R2=0.58) between CO and O3 pollutants during the study indicated their atmospheric origin by photochemical reactions was associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PM2.5 showed a positive correlation with PM10 (R2=0.84), indicating that both PM2.5 and PM10 were produced from similar pathways of fossil fuel combustion by automobiles and industrial activities. Further, the air quality index (AQI) analysis showed unhealthy atmospheric conditions throughout the year for city dwellers around the study area.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83018591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Drinking Water Collected from Different Educational Institutions of Khulna City Corporation, Bangladesh","authors":"P. Dhar, Arifa Naznin, Mosummath Hosna Ara","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4932.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4932.1331","url":null,"abstract":"Clean and safe drinking water is indispensable for maintaining the sound health of humans. The presence of toxic elements in drinking water may cause several health effects. In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals in the drinking water of different academic institutions of Khulna city corporation (KCC) were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and the human health risks were assessed based on estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazardous index (HI) and target cancer risks (TCR). The range of the investigated heavy metals was as follows: Fe (18.5−861.6 µg/L), Mn (0.020−0.564 µg/L), Zn (8.8−96.1 µg/L), Cu (5.6−52.9 µg/L), and As (<0.5−105.3 µg/L). About 52% of the drinking water samples for Mn and 12% samples for As surpassed the Bangladesh standard (BDS) value of 50.0 µg/L. On the other hand, As concentration in 88% of samples exceeded the guideline value of the World Health Organization (WHO) (10.0 µg/L). Analysis of Pearson’s correlation matrix (r) showed a positive correlation between Zn−Mn, Cu−Mn, Zn−Fe, Cu−Fe, and Fe−Mn at 0.01 level; and Zn−Cu and Fe−As at 0.05 level, indicating the same pollution source. However, the THQ values of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn in all the studied samples were within the threshold risk limit (THQ < 1.0), hence safe from metal toxicity. But, THQ and HI of As for both adults and children; and TCR of As for adults in most of the investigated samples exceeded the maximum risk limit (THQ < 1.0; HI < 1.0; and TCR = 10−4), which revealed As could be a potential source of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks. Therefore, regular monitoring of heavy metals should be carried out to assure good quality drinking water for the students and academic staff.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86440582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Multi-Stage Cadmium Adsorption by Riverine Sediments","authors":"M. Nasrabadi, M. Omid, A. Mazdeh","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4421.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4421.1238","url":null,"abstract":"Most riverine sediments have the high capability to adsorb and store the heavy metal ions. In the present study, the adsorption capacity of ‎the bed sediments collected from Karaj River (Iran), have ‎been experimentally studied for the cadmium ion adsorption. Multi-stage batch adsorption experiments were carried out for a constant ‎sediment concentration of 20 g/L and different initial cadmium concentrations ‎of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 10, 20, and 50 mg/L. The cadmium solutions with known concentration were added to the bed ‎sediment with the mean diameter of 0.53 mm in five stages to characterize what is the capacity of the sediments to adsorb cadmium. The batch adsorption experiments were conducted as both kinetics and equilibrium. ‎‎The results showed that by adding cadmium ions to the sediment at each stage, the adsorption capacity is less than the previous stage, so that, for cadmium concentration of 0.2 mg/L the adsorption percent and the amount of adsorbed cadmium was reduced from 88 to 70% and 9 to 6.8 mg/kg, respectively. These changes was decreased with increasing initial Cd concentrations. This process is useful for the seasonal rivers in which a certain concentration of heavy metal pollution may occasionally flow over the bed.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83626509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardness and chloride removal in dewatering system: Modeling and optimization of electrochemical reaction","authors":"Ali Hasanzadeh-Sabloue, S. M. Moosavirad","doi":"10.22104/AET.2021.4535.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2021.4535.1254","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocoagulation (EC) process is a novel approach in the mining industry, especially to recycle water in the dewatering system of a mineral processing plant. In this research, the electrocoagulation process was studied to remove the hardness and chloride ions from concentrate thickener overflow water under different operating conditions: retention time (5–15 min), initial pH (4–10), current density (41.6–166.6 A/m2) and electrode type (Fe, Fe-Al, Al). Four factors with three levels with the D-optimal response surface design were applied for optimization. As a result, the optimal situation for the electrocoagulation process was characterized by a retention time of 15 min, initial pH of 9.08, the current density of 139.59 A/m2, and electrode type Fe-Al. In this situation, the maximum removal efficiency of hardness (60.11%) and chloride (98.38%) were yielded with a desirability value of 0.989. These results illustrated the effectiveness of the EC process as an influence method for the removal of hardness and chloride in terms of separation.","PeriodicalId":7295,"journal":{"name":"Advances in environmental science and technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81818694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}