Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"Transient remission of hyperparathyroidism after fine-needle aspiration biopsy.","authors":"Ana Rita Elvas,&nbsp;Andreia Martins Fernandes,&nbsp;Sara Reis,&nbsp;Joana Couto,&nbsp;Raquel G Martins,&nbsp;Jacinta Santos,&nbsp;Teresa Martins,&nbsp;Bernardo Marques,&nbsp;Joana Guimarães,&nbsp;Fernando J C Rodrigues","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the unregulated overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), resulting in abnormal calcium homeostasis. PHPT is most commonly caused by a single adenoma of the parathyroid gland, which can have an intrathyroid location in rare cases. The measurement of intact PTH in the washout fluid obtained by ultrasound (US)-guided fineneedle aspiration (FNA) can be useful in clarifying the aetiology of these lesions. This study presented a 48-year-old man with a background history of symptomatic renal stone disease who was diagnosed with PHPT and referred to our Endocrinology department. A neck US revealed a thyroid nodule with a size of 21 mm in the right lobe. The patient underwent US-guided FNA of the lesion. The measurement of PTH in the washout fluid was significantly elevated. Following the procedure, he reported neck pain and noticed distal paraesthesias in the upper limbs. Blood test results showed significant hypocalcaemia and supplementation with calcium and calcitriol was started. The patient was closely monitored. Recurrence of hypercalcaemia was later observed, and the patient was submitted to surgery. We present a case of FNAinduced transitory remission of PHPT in a patient with an intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma. We conjecture that intra-nodular haemorrhage might have occurred, which temporarily affected the viability of the autonomous parathyroid tissue. A few similar cases of spontaneous or induced remission of PHPT after FNA have been previously described in the literature. This remission can be transitory or permanent, depending on the degree of cellular damage thus follow-up of these patients is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"K10-K14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms involved in somatostatin receptor regulation in corticotroph tumors: the role of cytoskeleton and USP8 mutations.","authors":"Erika Peverelli,&nbsp;Donatella Treppiedi,&nbsp;Giovanna Mantovani","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumors mainly express somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) since SSTR2 is downregulated by the elevated levels of glucocorticoids that characterize patients with Cushing's disease (CD). SSTR5 is the molecular target of pasireotide, the only approved pituitary tumor-targeted drug for the treatment of CD. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate SSTR5 are still poorly investigated. This review summarizes the experimental evidence supporting the role of the cytoskeleton actin-binding protein filamin A (FLNA) in the regulation of SSTR5 expression and signal transduction in corticotroph tumors. Moreover, the correlations between the presence of somatic USP8 mutations and the expression of SSTR5 will be reviewed. An involvement of glucocorticoid-mediated β-arrestins modulation in regulating SSTRs expression and function in ACTH-secreting tumors will also be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R24-R30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular specificity of androgen receptor, coregulators, and pioneer factors in prostate cancer.","authors":"Damien A Leach,&nbsp;Rayzel C Fernandes,&nbsp;Charlotte L Bevan","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androgen signalling, through the transcription factor androgen receptor (AR), is vital to all stages of prostate development and most prostate cancer progression. AR signalling controls differentiation, morphogenesis, and function of the prostate. It also drives proliferation and survival in prostate cancer cells as the tumour progresses; given this importance, it is the main therapeutic target for disseminated disease. AR is also essential in the surrounding stroma, for the embryonic development of the prostate and controlling epithelial glandular development. Stromal AR is also important in cancer initiation, regulating paracrine factors that excite cancer cell proliferation, but lower stromal AR expression correlates with shorter time to progression/worse outcomes. The profile of AR target genes is different between benign and cancerous epithelial cells, between castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells and treatment-naïve cancer cells, between metastatic and primary cancer cells, and between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This is also true of AR DNA-binding profiles. Potentially regulating the cellular specificity of AR binding and action are pioneer factors and coregulators, which control and influence the ability of AR to bind to chromatin and regulate gene expression. The expression of these factors differs between benign and cancerous cells, as well as throughout disease progression. The expression profile is also different between fibroblast and mesenchymal cell types. The functional importance of coregulators and pioneer factors in androgen signalling makes them attractive therapeutic targets, but given the contextual expression of these factors, it is essential to understand their roles in different cancerous and cell-lineage states.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R112-R131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyponatraemia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) in cancer.","authors":"D Mc Donald,&nbsp;M Sherlock,&nbsp;C J Thompson","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyponatraemia is a common electrolyte abnormality seen in a wide range of oncological and haematological malignancies and confers poor performance status, prolonged hospital admission and reduced overall survival, in patients with cancer. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the commonest cause of hyponatraemia in malignancy and is characterised by clinical euvolaemia, low plasma osmolality and concentrated urine, with normal renal, adrenal and thyroid function. Causes of SIAD include ectopic production of vasopressin (AVP) from an underlying tumour, cancer treatments, nausea and pain. Cortisol deficiency is an important differential in the assessment of hyponatraemia, as it has an identical biochemical pattern to SIAD and is easily treatable. This is particularly relevant with the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which can cause hypophysitis and adrenalitis, leading to cortisol deficiency. Guidelines on the management of acute, symptomatic hyponatraemia recommend 100 mL bolus of 3% saline with careful monitoring of the serum sodium to prevent overcorrection. In cases of chronic hyponatraemia, fluid restriction is recommended as first-line treatment; however, this is frequently not feasible in patients with cancer and has been shown to have limited efficacy. Vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists (vaptans) may be preferable, as they effectively increase sodium levels in SIAD and do not require fluid restriction. Active management of hyponatraemia is increasingly recognised as an important component of oncological management; correction of hyponatraemia is associated with shorter hospital stay and prolonged survival. The awareness of the impact of hyponatraemia and the positive benefits of active restoration of normonatraemia remain challenging in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R78-R89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/98/EO-22-0056.PMC10259335.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10173150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoparathyroidism: an uncommon adverse effect of treatment with durvalumab.","authors":"Alexander Kreze,&nbsp;Matěj Homer,&nbsp;Tereza Barešová,&nbsp;Kristina Klemperová","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies approved for the treatment of numerous cancer types. Toxicities induced by ICIs may affect any organ system and manifest as endocrinopathy. The main side effects related to treatment are immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis. Rare endocrine irAEs are diabetes insipidus, hypoparathyroidism, thyrotoxic crisis and hypogonadism. We report a case of hypoparathyroidism induced by ICI treatment with durvalumab, which has not previously been described.</p><p><strong>Learning points: </strong>Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is associated with many endocrine side effects.It is recommended that patients treated with ICIs are observed by an endocrinologist.If side effects are treated accordingly, ICI therapy can continue.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"K21-K24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10173151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: survival trend analysis of a comprehensive center.","authors":"Sara Coelho,&nbsp;Cláudia Costa,&nbsp;Ana Paula Santos,&nbsp;Pedro Souteiro,&nbsp;Joana Oliveira,&nbsp;Júlio Oliveira,&nbsp;Isabel Azevedo,&nbsp;Isabel Torres,&nbsp;Maria José Bento","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Therapeutic options for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (Pan-NEN) have increased over the last decade. We aim to understand the evolution of the prognosis of patients with diagnosis of Pan-NEN within a 12-year period, considering the implementation of new treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with Pan-NENs between 2006 and 2017. Survival outcome estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The impact of baseline clinicopathological characteristics on survival was explored with the use of Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 97 patients, 77 (79.9%) had well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) according to WHO 2010 classification, and 52 (53.6%) had localized or locoregional disease. There were no differences between clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes when comparing patients diagnosed between 2006-2011 and 2012-2017. Neuroendocrine carcinoma - HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.17-6.55 - and stages III and IV at diagnosis were independent poor prognostic factors - HR 6.02, 95% CI 2.22-16.33 and HR 6.93, 95% CI 2.94-16.32, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new therapeutic approaches did not induce better survival outcomes on Pan-NEN in recent years. This is possibly due to the indolent nature of NET grades 1 and 2, even metastatic, allowing patients to be submitted to new target therapies along their disease course.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/90/e8/EO-22-0043.PMC10259287.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of filamin A in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors and adrenal cancer.","authors":"Donatella Treppiedi,&nbsp;Rosa Catalano,&nbsp;Federica Mangili,&nbsp;Giovanna Mantovani,&nbsp;Erika Peverelli","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell cytoskeleton proteins are involved in tumor pathogenesis, progression and pharmacological resistance. Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding protein with both structural and scaffold functions implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including migration, cell adhesion, differentiation, proliferation and transcription. The role of FLNA in cancers has been studied in multiple types of tumors. FLNA plays a dual role in tumors, depending on its subcellular localization, post-translational modification (as phosphorylation at Ser2125) and interaction with binding partners. This review summarizes the experimental evidence showing the critical involvement of FLNA in the complex biology of endocrine tumors. Particularly, the role of FLNA in regulating expression and signaling of the main pharmacological targets in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and adrenocortical carcinomas, with implications on responsiveness to currently used drugs in the treatment of these tumors, will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R143-R152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9815505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paragangliomas of the head and neck: a contemporary review.","authors":"Nathan J Graham,&nbsp;Joshua D Smith,&nbsp;Tobias Else,&nbsp;Gregory J Basura","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) are slow-growing, vascular, typically benign tumors whose growth may induce significant lower cranial nerve deficits. While most tumors arise sporadically, a significant portion is associated with defined genetic syndromes. While surgical resection has historically been the gold standard, management strategies have evolved with acknowledgement of high surgical morbidity, slow tumor growth rates, and technological advances. Conservative management approaches via observation and newer radiation therapy techniques have become more common. This review seeks to provide an update on contemporary management strategies for HNPGLs and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R153-R162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10173152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low but not undetectable early postoperative nadir serum cortisol predicts sustained remission in Cushing's disease.","authors":"Anna Stroud,&nbsp;Pearl Dhaliwal,&nbsp;Richard J Harvey,&nbsp;Raquel Alvarado,&nbsp;Benjamin P Jonker,&nbsp;Mark J Winder,&nbsp;Jessica W Grayson,&nbsp;Ann McCormack","doi":"10.1530/EO-21-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-21-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is the first-line treatment for Cushing's disease. The objectives of the study were to determine remission and recurrence rates after TSS for Cushing's disease, identify factors that predict these outcomes, and define the threshold for postoperative morning serum cortisol (MSeC) that most accurately predicts sustained remission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were retrospectively reviewed for consecutive adults undergoing TSS for Cushing's disease at a tertiary centre (1990-2019). Remission was defined as MSeC <138 nmol/L by 6 weeks postoperatively. Recurrence was defined as elevated 24-h urine free cortisol, lack of suppression after dexamethasone or elevated midnight salivary cortisol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 42 patients (age 47 ± 13 years, 83% female) were assessed with 55 ± 56 months of follow-up. Remission occurred after 77% of primary (<i>n</i> = 30) and 42% of revision operations (<i>n</i> = 12). After primary surgery, remission was associated with lower MSeC nadir (26 ± 36 nmol/L vs 347 ± 220 nmol/L, <i>P</i>  < 0.01) and lower adrenocorticotropin nadir (2 ± 3 pmol/L vs 6 ± 3 pmol/L, <i>P</i> = 0.01). Sustained remission 5 years after surgery was predicted by MSeC <92 nmol/L within 2 weeks postoperatively (sensitivity 100% and specificity 100%). After revision surgery, remission was predicted by lower MSeC nadir (70 ± 45 nmol/L vs 408 ± 305 nmol/L, <i>P</i> = 0.03), smaller tumour diameter (3 ± 2 mm vs 15 ± 13 mm, <i>P</i> = 0.05) and absence of cavernous sinus invasion (0% vs 71%, <i>P</i> = 0.03). Recurrence after primary and revision surgery occurred in 17% and 20% of patients respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower postoperative MSeC nadir strongly predicted remission after both primary and revision surgery. Following primary surgery, an MSeC <92 nmol/L within 2 weeks predicted sustained remission at 5 years. MSeC nadir was the most important prognostic marker following TSS for Cushing's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9805302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse role of androgen action in human breast cancer.","authors":"Kiyoshi Takagi,&nbsp;Mio Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Minoru Miyashita,&nbsp;Hironobu Sasano,&nbsp;Takashi Suzuki","doi":"10.1530/EO-22-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/EO-22-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a hormone-dependent cancer, and sex steroids play a pivotal role in breast cancer progression. Estrogens are strongly associated with breast cancers, and the estrogen receptor (estrogen receptor α; ERα) is expressed in 70-80% of human breast carcinoma tissues. Although antiestrogen therapies (endocrine therapies) have significantly improved clinical outcomes in ERα-positive breast cancer patients, some patients experience recurrence after treatment. In addition, patients with breast carcinoma lacking ERα expression do not benefit from endocrine therapy. The androgen receptor (AR) is also expressed in >70% of breast carcinoma tissues. Growing evidence supports this novel therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers that lack ERα, progesterone receptor, and human EGF receptor 2, and ERα-positive breast cancers, which are resistant to conventional endocrine therapy. However, the clinical significance of AR expression is still controversial and the biological function of androgens in breast cancers is unclear. In this review, we focus on the recent findings concerning androgen action in breast cancers and the contributions of androgens to improved breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72907,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England)","volume":"2 1","pages":"R102-R111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10259322/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}