M. Elkady, A. Elmarakbi, D. Knapton, M. Saleh, M. Abdelhameed, A. Bawady
{"title":"Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Electromagnetic Variable Valve Timing Control Systems for Improvement of Spark Ignition Engine Performance","authors":"M. Elkady, A. Elmarakbi, D. Knapton, M. Saleh, M. Abdelhameed, A. Bawady","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000105","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to meet the requirements of higher torque values at all engine speeds. This can be achieved by varying the valve timing automatically using a new variable valve timing system (VVT), which gives continuously variable valve actuation at all engine speeds. A model engine is designed using dimensional analysis methods and then implemented to verify the proposed control system. Moreover, microcontroller and computeraided control systems are constructed and used to modify the variable valve timing control in the laboratory. In this paper, a mathematical model of variable valve timing is developed to obtain the best volumetric efficiency with optimum valve timing at different engine speeds. From this model, the look-up table is created at all ranges of the engine speed. A single cylinder engine is used to estimate engine performance characteristics for conventional camshaft. In addition, a model engine is designed and constructed to apply the Variable Valve Timing control system. The investigations show that the system is flexible throughout the entire range of operation speeds and is able to alter valve timing concerning both valve opening and closing. The ability of valve opening and closing can be realized with rates higher than these of the conventional timing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82167742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Friction-Induced Noise and Vibrations: Diagnosis and Prognosis","authors":"Gang Chen","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E118","url":null,"abstract":"Friction-Induced noise & vibration problem, such as Squeak & Rattle, belt noise and brake noise, has been one of most challenging technical problems faced by automotive industry. For instance, in North America, up to one 100 million dollars every year are spent on noise and vibration issues in warranty work of automotive brake systems [1,2]. The prediction and control of friction-induced noise and vibrations have been considered as an elusive problem. In this article, the friction-induced noise and vibration problem is reviewed by using brake noise as an example. The time-varying, strong nonlinear and stochastic nature of the problem is emphasized. The new perspective of diagnosis and prognosis are proposed to address this problem. The framework of diagnosis and prognosis could be developed by using nonlinear signal processing, phase space reconstruction, nonlinear stochastic system identification, and statistical pattern recognition, which effectively and efficiently helps identify system, validate numerical model, predict troublesome event occurrence and estimate uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85123030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Key Barriers to the Profitable Commercialization of Plug-in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. S. Alam","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E117","url":null,"abstract":"th century; however, the technology hasn’t developed significantly enough to be considered a conventional means of transportation, with the exception of golf carts, airport transportation trolleys and similar applications.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88068734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuh-Yih Wu, Chen Duan, Kai-Xian Hong, Hsien-Chi Tsai, C. Hoff
{"title":"Design, Modeling and Development of a Serial Hybrid Motorcycle with HCCI Engine","authors":"Yuh-Yih Wu, Chen Duan, Kai-Xian Hong, Hsien-Chi Tsai, C. Hoff","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design, modeling, and development of small motorcycle equipped with a HCCI engine in an series hybrid configuration. A mathematical model was developed using MATLAB/Simulink and used to size the powertrain components and to predict fuel economy. A conventional 125 cc spark ignition engine was modified to run in HCCI combustion mode and integrated into a prototype vehicle. Dual-fuel and external EGR strategies were used to upgrade the engine speed and torque capabilities of the engine to meet the requirements of the powertrain. An electrical generator, hub-motor, battery pack and other power electronics devices were used to form the electrical system for the vehicle. The advantages of the proposed design compared to the original motorcycle with SI engine and CVT transmission are: 1) a reduction in noxious emissions due to the HCCI combustion, and 2) higher fuel economy in city driving because of the HCCI engine and series hybrid powertrain. Fuel economy was measured by driving the motorcycle on a chassis dynamometer using a sequence of ECE-40 driving cycles. The overall fuel economy was measured to be 73.7km/L which represents a 139.3% increase in fuel economy over the baseline vehicle.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"322 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78320249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of the Linear Matching Method and its and#195;and#162;and#194;and#8364;and#194;and#8482; Software Tool for the Design and Life Assessment of Mechanical Structures","authors":"Haofeng Chen","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90959678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensor Data Acquisition, Manipulation, and Transmission","authors":"Shaopeng Cheng","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E114","url":null,"abstract":"There are three basic processes involved in sensor measurements. The senor “data acquisition” process is about converting the measured physical variables into the electrical quantities such as resistance, capacitance, or inductance through properties of special materials like a diaphragm or metallic wire. The sensor “data manipulation” process uses the converted electrical quantity to generate the corresponding electrical voltage (or current) for representing the sensor measurement. The final process is the sensor “data transmission” in which the sensor measurement represented by the output voltage (or current) is to be physically sent to the control room that might be away from the location of the senor measurement.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85252360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Respiratory Quotient (Rq), Exhaust Gas Analyses, CO2 Emission and Applications in Automobile Engineering","authors":"K. Annamalai","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E116","url":null,"abstract":"Development and economic growth throughout the world will result in increased demand for energy. Currently almost 90% of the total world energy demand is met utilizing fossil fuels [1]. Petroleum and other liquid fuels include 37% of the total fossil reserves consumed for transportation and other industrial processes [1]. Emission of harmful gases in the form of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and mercury are the major concerns from the combustion of conventional energy sources. In addition to these pollutants, huge amount of carbon dioxide is liberated into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is one of the green house gases which cause global warming. Though technology is being developed to sequester the CO2 from stationary power generating sources, it is difficult to implement such a technology in non-stationary automobile IC engines.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"19 1-2 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90268789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Hybrid and Full Electrical Vehicles Equipped with Continuously Variable Transmissions","authors":"A. Elmarakbi, Q. Ren, R. Trimble, M. Elkady","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000103","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this paper is to study the potential impacts in hybrid and full electrical vehicles performance by utilising continuously variable transmissions. This is achieved by two stages. First, for Electrical Vehicles (EVs), modelling and analysing the powertrain of a generic electric vehicle is developed using Matlab/Simulink-QSS Toolkit, with and without a transmission system of varying levels of complexity. Predicted results are compared for a typical electrical vehicle in three cases: without a gearbox, with a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT), and with a conventional stepped gearbox. Second, for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles (HEVs), a twin epicyclic power split transmission model is used. Computer programmes for the analysis of epicyclic transmission based on a matrix method are developed and used. Two vehicle models are built-up; namely: traditional ICE vehicle, and HEV with a twin epicyclic gearbox. Predictions for both stages are made over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).The simulations show that the twin epicyclic offers substantial improvements of reduction in energy consumption in HEVs. The results also show that it is possible to improve overall performance and energy consumption levels using a continuously variable ratio gearbox in EVs.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89671446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling and Control of a Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Propulsion System","authors":"S. Hamzehlouia, A. Izadian, S. Anwar","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a gearless hydraulic transmission system that provides an infinite speed ratio similar to a Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) with energy storage capabilities. The transmission system is modeled in various operating conditions such as all-electric and gasoline configurations. A Rate Limited (RL) controller is designed to control the vehicle traction forces. A PI controller is designed to regulate the charge and discharge power through storage and range extender engine in different driving conditions. The results demonstrate high performance operation of the transmission system in standardized drive cycles. The results show that the control system provides a good speed-command tracking performance.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"117 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75763772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alternative Fuels and Renewable Energy Strategies in the Energy Revolution","authors":"E. Ubong","doi":"10.4172/2167-7670.1000E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7670.1000E113","url":null,"abstract":"The energy revolution advocates for gradual transition from fossil fuels to alternative or renewable forms of energy. The increased technological activities across the globe, the global nature of economy and increasing world population require proactive measures to meet the future world energy requirements. There is a wide spread concern for air quality and health issues associated with environmental pollution from automobiles. Every car on the road today outputs oxides of nitrogenNOx, carbon monoxide-CO, hydrocarbon-HC, particulate matter-Pm, oxides of sulfur-SOx and greenhouse gases-GHG into the atmosphere. Hydrocarbon and NOx in the presence of sunlight cause photochemical smog. While SOx and NOx in the presence of moisture form acids. All these environmental pollutants impact health, vegetation, acidicity of our surroundings and are a grave concern to the society.","PeriodicalId":7286,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Automobile Engineering","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82860185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}