Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters最新文献

{"title":"Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of Steroid Hormones and Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A Inhibitors on Cortisol 6β-Hydroxylation Catalyzed by CYP3A Subfamilies.","authors":"Toshiro Niwa, Misaki Tani, Anna Suzuki, Mizuho Murakami","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230830125358","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230830125358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The inhibitory and stimulatory effects of several compounds, including steroid hormones and azole antifungal agents, on cortisol 6β-hydroxylation activity by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, polymorphically expressed CYP3A5, and fetal CYP3A7 were compared with those on testosterone 6β-hydroxylation to clarify the catalytic properties of the predominant forms of the human CYP3A subfamily.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6β-Hydroxylation activities of cortisol and testosterone by CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in the absence or presence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), α-naphthoflavone (ANF), ketoconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower concentrations of DHEA and ANF increased cortisol 6β-hydroxylation activities catalyzed by CYP3A4 but not those catalyzed by CYP3A5 and CYP3A7. The inhibition strength of azole antifungal agents against cortisol 6β-hydroxylation catalyzed by all CYP3A subfamilies was similar to that of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation. Although the Michaelis constant (<i>K_m</i>) increased 2-fold in the presence of 20 μM DHEA compared to that of the control, the maximal velocity (<i>V_max</i>) values gradually increased with increasing DHEA. For ANF, both <i>K_m</i> and <i>V_max</i> values increased, although the <i>K_m</i> value decreased at 2.5 μM concentrations. Ketoconazole and itraconazole competitively inhibited cortisol 6β-hydroxylation mediated by CYP3A4 with similar inhibition constants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inhibitory/stimulatory pattern among CYP3A subfamily members differed between cortisol and testosterone, and CYP3A4 was found to be the most sensitive in terms of inhibition by azole antifungals among the CYP3A subfamily members investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Promising Approach of Dermal Targeting of Antipsoriatic Drugs <i>via</i> Engineered Nanocarriers Drug Delivery Systems for Tackling Psoriasis.","authors":"Devika Tripathi, Mansi Srivastava, Krislay Rathour, Awani Kumar Rai, Pranay Wal, Jagannath Sahoo, Ritesh Kumar Tiwari, Prashant Pandey","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230803150329","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230803150329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psoriasis is a complex autoimmune skin condition with a significant genetic component. It causes skin inflammation and is characterized by flaky, silvery reddish spots that can worsen with age. This condition results from an impaired immunological response of T-cells and affects 2-5% of the global population. The severity of the illness determines the choice of treatment. Topical treatments are commonly used to treat psoriasis, but they can have several adverse effects. Biological therapy is another option for treating specific types of psoriasis. Recently, new nanoformulations have revolutionized psoriasis treatment. Various nanocarriers, such as liposomes, nanostructured lipid nanoparticles, niosomes, and nanoemulsions, have been developed and improved for drug delivery. The use of nanocarriers enhances patient compliance, precise drug delivery, and drug safety. This review aims to suggest new nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems for treating psoriasis. It discusses the importance of nanocarriers and compares them to traditional treatments. Anti-psoriatic drugs have also been investigated for cutaneous delivery using nanocarriers. The review also covers various factors that influence dermal targeting. By highlighting several relevant aspects of psoriasis treatment, the review emphasizes the current potential of nanotechnology. Using nanocarriers as a drug delivery technique may be a promising alternative treatment for psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Ussing Chamber and Caco-2 Model in Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Compounds from Different BCS Classifications.","authors":"Dong Tian, Yingxin Yang, Huiying Zhang, Hongwen Du, Hongyu Zhou, Tao Wang","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230913105920","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230913105920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral bioavailability (F), which is evaluated by permeability and solubility, is one of the key parameters in drug discovery. Currently, Caco-2 and Ussing chamber are both used in the study of intestinal permeability of drugs at different stages of drug development. However, comparative research between the Ussing chamber and Caco-2 for predicting the intestinal availability data (<i>F_a×F_g</i>) in humans has not been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, we evaluated the permeability of 22 drugs in rat intestines by Ussing chamber and compared them with the reported permeability data from Caco-2. In addition, the active transport of gabapentin was evaluated by Ussing Chamber.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intestine segments were selected by corresponding absorption site for Ussing chamber analysis. BCS Class I and II compounds were more absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum, and Class III and IV compounds were more absorbed in the ileum. P_app values in the Caco-2 model were moderately correlated with human <i>F_a×F_g</i> (<i>R²</i>=0.722), and the P_app of the rat in the Ussing chamber revealed a better correlation with human <i>F_a×F_g</i> (<i>R²</i>=0.952). In addition, we also used the Ussing chamber to identify the transporter of gabapentin, and the results showed that the active absorption of gabapentin was related to LAT1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ussing chamber combined with rat intestinal tissue would be a significant tool for predicting the intestinal absorption and metabolism of compounds with diverse physiochemical characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Importance and Pharmacological Activities of Norisoboldine in Medicine for the Treatment of Human Disorders.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Patel, Kanika Patel","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230914103740","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230914103740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural products constitute a unique source of chemical compounds with multi-target potential for the treatment of complex human disorders. Phytochemicals are pure phytoconstituents of plants, mainly responsible for their therapeutic potential and pharmacological activities. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants have been used as a lead source of drug. Norisoboldine is an important isoquinoline alkaloid found to be present in the dry root of <i>Lindera aggregate</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present paper, scientific data of norisoboldine have been collected from Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus and analyzed in order to know the biological potential and therapeutic effectiveness of norisoboldine in medicine. Scientific data of medicinal importance and therapeutic potential of norisoboldine has been collected and analyzed in the present work. Moreover, all the collected scientific data have been separated into different sub-section <i>i.e.</i> Medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects. Detailed pharmacological activity data of norisoboldine have been analyzed in the present work to know the therapeutic effectiveness of norisoboldine in medicine. Analytical data of norisoboldine have also been collected and analyzed in the present work.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of isoquinoline alkaloids in medicine. Isoquinoline alkaloids are pure, active phytochemical present in several natural edible products including vegetables, plants, and fruits. Norisoboldine has a biological effect on arthritis, colitis, apoptosis, osteoclast differentiation, inflammatory pain, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, acute lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor, regulatory T cells, and endothelial cell migration. However nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of norisoboldine has also been prepared in order to get better therapeutic value. Further analytical parameters of norisoboldine were also discussed in the present work in order to get the scientific information of separation, isolation and identification parameter of norisoboldine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Present work revealed the therapeutic potential of norisoboldine in medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"81-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10234816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Polymorphic CYP1A2 and CYP2D6-mediated Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Risperidone or Olanzapine and Selected Drugs Intended to Treat COVID-19","authors":"Ariana Rojas-Macetas, Geraldine Medalla-Garro, María Saravia, Ricardo Losno, Milton Valderrama-Wong, Ricardo Pariona, Angel T Alvarado","doi":"10.2174/1872312815666221125112724","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1872312815666221125112724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risperidone/olanzapine are antipsychotics used in Peru to control symptoms of psychosis. The objective was to review the available evidence on potential pharmacokinetic interactions mediated by CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 polymorphic genes between risperidone or olanzapine and selected drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. A bibliographic search was conducted in SciELO and PubMed/Medline. The selection criteria included all types of articles in English and Spanish languages. In this review, the CYP1A2/CYP2D6/CYP3A4 genes that encode their respective enzymes have been described. The olanzapine/risperidone association increases the risk of prolonging the QT interval; chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine decreases metabolism and increases plasma concentration of risperidone; ritonavir decreases metabolism and increases plasma levels of hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir with the risk of prolonging the QT interval of the cardiac cycle and with a tendency to progression towards Torsades de Pointes. Ritonavir increases metabolism and decreases plasma levels of olanzapine. A low incidence of adverse effect was found between risperidone/azithromycin and olanzapine with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Regarding the association of genes: CYP1A2*1D increases and CYP1A2*1F decreases the plasma concentration of olanzapine. Risperidone plasma levels are increased in CYP2D6 intermediate and poor metabolizers compared with normal metabolizers. Other studies indicate no significant association between poor metabolizers of CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 with increased pharmacokinetic parameters. It is concluded that there are potential risks of prolonging the QT interval due to pharmacokinetic interactions mediated by polymorphic genes CYP1A2 and CYP2D6 between risperidone or olanzapine and the drugs selected for the treatment of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"6-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40706483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Saccharolactone on CYP-mediated Metabolism of Xenobiotics.","authors":"Dayanidhi Behera, Pankaj Jain, Vishwanath Kurawattimath, Nagaraj Gowda","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230823094423","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230823094423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Saccharolactone is used as a β-glucuronidase inhibitor in in vitro microsomal and recombinant uridine diphosphoglucuronosyl transferases (rUGTs) incubations to enhance glucuronide pathway and, thereby, formation of glucuronide metabolites. We investigated its effect on CYP mediated metabolism of drugs (compound-174, phenacetin and quinidine) using human liver microsomes (HLM) supplemented with Phase-1 and Phase-2 co-factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Compounds were incubated in HLM supplemented with co-factors to assess Phase-1 (NADPH) and Phase-2 (NADPH, alamethicin, saccharolactone and UDPGA) metabolism. CYP phenotype assay for compound-174 was conducted in HLM (± 1-ABT) and human recombinant CYP isoforms. CYP inhibition profile of saccharolactone was also generated in HLM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The metabolism of compound-174, phenacetin and quinidine in HLM significantly decreased in reactions containing additional components like alamethicin, saccharolactone and UDPGA and indicated that the addition of saccharolactone inhibited the metabolism. Phenacetin and quinidine are known substrates of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 isoforms. The metabolism of compound- 174 was significantly inhibited in the presence of 1-ABT in HLM, and CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 isoforms were found to be the predominant isoforms responsible for its metabolism. Further evaluation of CYP inhibition in HLM indicated saccharolactone to be a strong inhibitor of CYP1A2, 2D6, 3A4 and 2C8 isoforms with IC₅₀ values of less than 4 mM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicated that saccharolactone being a strong inhibitor of CYP1A2, 2D6, 3A4 and 2C8 isoforms (IC₅₀ < 4 mM), resulted in significant inhibition of the metabolism of compound-174, phenacetin and quinidine in HLM and caution should be exercised in using it with proper titration of the concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10292482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of 16-Hydroxystrychnine and Demethylbrucine by LC-MS/MS in Rat Urine and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study","authors":"Rui Yan, Bin Xia, Shan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1872312815666230427122212","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1872312815666230427122212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aimed to establish a method to help investigate the combination mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine from the metabolic perspective.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Semen Strychni has been a frequently used herb in clinics for a long time. In traditional Chinese medical science, Semen Strychni always combinate with other herbs to modulate its nature of severe toxicity. However, the mechanism of the combination is still unclear. Previous research mostly focused on the components of the herbs. The metabolic processes of the main components of the Semen Strychni are also very important and have rarely been reported.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study tended to develop a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic- tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of two major metabolites of Semen Strychni in rat urine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column. Detection was performed by a selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the positive ionization mode. Analysis of analytes from rat plasma was carried out by protein precipitation using acetonitrile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay was validated in terms of specificity, precision, recovery, etc. The intra- and inter-day precision values were less than 13.1%. The recoveries at three levels were more than 69.1%. The method was then used to study the kinetic profiles of the metabolites of Semen Strychni in rat urine for the first time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate that the established LC/MS method in this study is accurate and sensitive for the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites of Semen Strychni in rats' urine samples. This method could be a supplement to the plasma pharmacokinetics of Semen Strychni.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonic Degradation as Reverse Process to Flavone Biosynthesis in Plants: Similarities and Differences","authors":"Katrin Sak","doi":"10.2174/1872312815666221130143858","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1872312815666221130143858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For many years, it was thought that the main function of the colon is the reabsorption of water and salt and the elimination of unused food materials. Only very recently, a crucial role of the human intestinal microbiota in the metabolism of different food constituents, including plant foods-derived flavonoids, was discovered. Currently, the knowledge about colonic degradation of ingested flavonoids, involved bacteria and produced catabolites is rapidly increasing. In general, flavonoids unabsorbed in the small intestine reach the colon, where they are exposed to the gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this perspective article, colonic degradation of flavonoids is considered a reverse process to their biosynthesis in plants, with a special focus on the subclass of flavones. According to this approach: what is composed in plants, will be decomposed in the human colon. Several inverse similarities are highlighted, including hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides as the first step in the gut degradation contrasted with the attachment of sugar moiety as the last reaction of flavonoid biosynthesis in plants, colonic reduction contrasted with plant introduction of C2-C3 double bond in the central heterocyclic ring, or microbial ring fission contrasted with plant ring closure of the heterocyclic ring of flavones. Despite these inverse similarities, precursors of flavonoid pathway in plants are different from the spectrum of gut microbial catabolites in humans. In the human colon, a wide variety of phenolic acids are produced from the ingested flavonoids, due to the diverse enzymatic capacity of intestinal microbiota. The bioactivities and potential health impacts of these catabolites are still largely unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"2-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40491708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Olmesartan in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms through the Development and Validation of Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method.","authors":"Akshita A Agrawal, Jagdish K Sahu, Shilpa Dawre, Abhishek Kanugo","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230224153822","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230224153822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist (angiotensin receptor\u0000blocker (ARB) called Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) prevents angiotensin II from acting on the\u0000renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, which is a crucial factor in the development of hypertension.\u0000OLM is reported to rapidly hydrolyze into its active metabolite, Olmesartan, in plasma after oral\u0000treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the ongoing study was to develop an easy-to-use, precise, and reliable\u0000RP-HPLC method for the determination of Olmesartan in bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage\u0000forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The stability indicating HPLC method for assay includes the use of Kromasil 100-5-C8\u0000(100 mm × 4.6 mm) column, UV detector 265 nm, and mobile phase composition was a mixture of\u0000Acetonitrile: water (70:30) and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ICH guidelines were followed in the\u0000method's validation. To assess the method's specificity and stability in showing characteristics, stress\u0000degradation studies were carried out. The working standard solution of Olmesartan was exposed to\u00000.1 N HCl at room temperature, 0.1 N NaOH at room temperature, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide\u0000by volume, and UV radiation in order to conduct a degradation study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retention periods of the drug were found to be 1.36 and 1.47 min for standard and\u0000sample solutions, respectively. The degradation behaviour of drug under different conditions was\u0000studied. The drug was found susceptible to acidic, alkaline and oxidative conditions while it was\u0000found stable in photolytic condition. The developed stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for assay\u0000was validated as per ICH Q2 guidelines and the validation parameters such as accuracy, precision\u0000and specificity were obtained within the accepted criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It may be concluded that this method is stability-indicating and specific and can\u0000successfully be applied to analyze tablet dosage form containing Olmesartan.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9342960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bigels; A Charismatic Drug Delivery Formulation.","authors":"Manu Singhai, Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230501172824","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230501172824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bigels are a novel concept in contrast to previous gel formulations. To look like one gel, bigels are made by merging two gel phases at high shear rates. Colloidal gels can be the same (as in water-in-water bigels, which are phase-separated systems), the same but different, or a combination of a hydrogel and an oleogel. These colloidal gels are utilized to construct bigels (oleogel-in-hydrogel bigels or hydrogel-in-oleogel bigels). Bigels have appealing qualities like hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, improved spreadability, improved drug penetration, higher stratum corneum hydration, and the capacity to control the drug release rate. Bigels' mechanical, structural, thermal, physical, rheological, and electrical properties are crucial to their practical and successful use in a variety of commercial applications. In this compilation, we have talked about the convenience and interest of bigels as a formulation for novel applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of several notable bigels is also discussed in the paper. The Bigels are widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries as well. The Bigels are now being researched as possible drug delivery matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"27-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9375244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}