Current treatment options in infectious diseases最新文献_第4页

CMV Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Prevention and Treatment Strategies. 造血干细胞移植中巨细胞病毒感染:预防和治疗策略。

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-021-00253-w

Niyati Jakharia, Dianna Howard, David J Riedel

{"title":"CMV Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Prevention and Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Niyati Jakharia, Dianna Howard, David J Riedel","doi":"10.1007/s40506-021-00253-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40506-021-00253-w","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT). New strategies and methods for prevention and management of CMV infection are urgently needed. We aim to review the new developments in diagnostics, prevention, and management strategies of CMV infection in Allo-HSCT recipients.Recent findings: The approval of the novel anti-CMV drug letermovir in 2017 has led to an increase in the use of antiviral prophylaxis as a preferred approach for prevention in many centers. Real-world studies have shown efficacy similar to the clinical trial. CMV-specific T cell-mediated immunity assays identify patients with immune reconstitution and predict disease progression. Phase 2 trials of maribavir have shown its efficacy as preemptive therapy and treatment of resistant and refractory CMV infections. Adoptive T cell therapy is an emerging option for treatment of refractory and resistant CMV. Of the different CMV vaccine trials, PepVax has shown promising results in a phase 1 trial.Summary: CMV cell-mediated immunity assays have potential to be used as an adjunctive test to develop individualized management plan by identifying the patients who develop immune reconstitution; however, further prospective interventional studies are needed. Maribavir and adoptive T cell therapy are promising new therapies for treatment of CMV infections. CMV vaccine trials for prevention are also under way.","PeriodicalId":72759,"journal":{"name":"Current treatment options in infectious diseases","volume":"13 3","pages":"123-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40506-021-00253-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39218549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

A Practical Approach to Filtering Facepiece Respirator Decontamination and Reuse: Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation. 一种实用的过滤口罩净化和再利用方法:紫外线杀菌照射。

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-06 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-021-00247-8

Mark P Ridder, Katie D Paladino, John J Lowe, Mark E Rupp

{"title":"A Practical Approach to Filtering Facepiece Respirator Decontamination and Reuse: Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation.","authors":"Mark P Ridder, Katie D Paladino, John J Lowe, Mark E Rupp","doi":"10.1007/s40506-021-00247-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40506-021-00247-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Prior outbreaks of respiratory viruses have demonstrated the need for adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers, particularly filtering facepiece respirators (FFR). Due to shortfalls of PPE during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic, the need for FFR decontamination and reuse (FFR-DR) strategies is paramount. This paper aims to discuss primary decontamination strategies, with an in-depth analysis of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), arriving at the decontamination strategy utilized at the Nebraska Medical Center (NMC).Methods: Review of the primary literature in regard to FFR-DR as well as a synopsis of the current protocol for FFR-DR at NMC.Recent findings: UVGI demonstrates effective decontamination of multiple pathogens-including several human respiratory viruses-while maintaining mask integrity and filtering capacity. UVGI was associated with degradation of strap integrity at higher doses than that utilized for decontamination or with reuse beyond 20 times.Summary: UVGI effectively decontaminates N95 FFRs without significant reduction to fit or strap integrity and can be employed as a strategy for FFR-DR in times of emergency.","PeriodicalId":72759,"journal":{"name":"Current treatment options in infectious diseases","volume":"13 2","pages":"35-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40506-021-00247-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25581696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: a Review of the Current Literature. 实体器官移植受者中的 COVID-19：现有文献综述。

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-021-00249-6

Madeleine R Heldman, Olivia S Kates

{"title":"COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: a Review of the Current Literature.","authors":"Madeleine R Heldman, Olivia S Kates","doi":"10.1007/s40506-021-00249-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40506-021-00249-6","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The approach to ongoing organ transplantation and management of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) has evolved tremendously since the pandemic's beginning. We summarize the current literature surrounding the virology of SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology of COVID-19 in transplant recipients, review the clinical features and complications of COVID-19 in SOTR, and discuss the safety and efficacy of current therapies and candidate vaccines in this population.Recent findings: Despite initial suspensions in organ transplantation during early 2020, routine donor testing and de-crowding of hospitals have allowed transplant activity to resume at pre-pandemic rates. COVID-19-associated mortality in SOTR is similar to that of the general population, and lower than that of patients with end-organ disease awaiting transplant. The optimal approach to immunosuppression in SOTR with COVID-19 is unknown and disease severity may influence management decisions. Many vaccines in development are likely to be safe for immunocompromised hosts, though post-marketing investigations will be required to determine the efficacy in the SOTR.Summary: Though there are multiple unique considerations in the care of SOTR with COVID-19, immunosuppression does not appear to have a detrimental impact on overall outcome. Organ transplantation remains a lifesaving intervention and can be safely performed despite a global pandemic.","PeriodicalId":72759,"journal":{"name":"Current treatment options in infectious diseases","volume":"13 3","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8238515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39080948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Treatment of Chagas Disease Chagas病的治疗现状

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-11-27 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00238-1

D. Álvarez-Hernández, Zaira-Leticia Castro-Rico, Rodolfo García-Rodríguez-Arana, A. González-Chávez, M. González-Chávez, L. Martínez-Juárez, C. Ferreira, R. Vázquez-López

引用次数: 2

Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Campylobacter in the Immunocompromised Host 免疫功能低下宿主中弯曲杆菌的肠道和肠外表现

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00243-4

Francesca Schiaffino, M. Kosek

引用次数: 4

Mayaro Virus Infection: Clinical Features and Global Threat 马亚罗病毒感染：临床特征与全球威胁

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00240-7

F. M. Santos, R. Dias, Luciana de Souza Fernandes, C. C. da Silva, S. D. de Paula

引用次数: 3

HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: a Review of Novel Short-Course and Oral Therapies hiv相关隐球菌性脑膜炎:一种新的短期和口服治疗方法的综述

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00239-0

L. Moeng, J. Milburn, J. Jarvis, David S. Lawrence

引用次数: 1

Communication with Physicians: a Tool for Improving Appropriate Antibiotic Use in the Absence of Regulatory Mechanisms 与医生沟通:在缺乏监管机制的情况下提高抗生素适当使用的工具

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00241-6

P. Barman, Tarun Thukral, Shimpi Chopra

引用次数: 1

How Far We've Come, How Far We Have to Go: a Review of Advances in Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Veterans Health Administration. 我们已经走了多远，我们还要走多远:退伍军人健康管理局抗菌药物管理进展综述。

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00221-w

Aditi Ramakrishnan, Payal K Patel

引用次数: 5

Neurologic Complications of Acute HIV Infection. 急性HIV感染的神经系统并发症。

Current treatment options in infectious diseases Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Epub Date: 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40506-020-00228-3

Kathryn B Holroyd, Anastasia Vishnevetsky, Maahika Srinivasan, Deanna Saylor

{"title":"Neurologic Complications of Acute HIV Infection.","authors":"Kathryn B Holroyd, Anastasia Vishnevetsky, Maahika Srinivasan, Deanna Saylor","doi":"10.1007/s40506-020-00228-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40506-020-00228-3","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review focuses on the pathophysiology of acute HIV infection (AHI) and related central nervous system (CNS) pathology, the clinical characteristics of neurologic complications of AHI, and the implications of the CNS reservoir and viral escape for HIV treatment and cure strategies.Recent findings: Recent studies in newly seroconverted populations show a high prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction in AHI, even though these findings have been classically associated with chronic HIV infection. HIV cure strategies such as the \"shock and kill\" strategy are currently being studied in vitro and even in small clinical trials, though the CNS as a reservoir for latent HIV poses unique barriers to these treatment strategies.Summary: Limited point of care diagnostic testing for AHI and delayed recognition of infection continue to lead to under-recognition and under-reporting of neurologic manifestations of AHI. AHI should be on the differential for a broad range of neurological conditions, from Bell's palsy, peripheral neuropathy, and aseptic meningitis, to more rare manifestations such as ADEM, AIDP, meningo-radiculitis, transverse myelitis, and brachial neuritis. Treatment for these conditions involves early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and then standard presentation-specific treatments. Current HIV cure strategies under investigation include bone marrow transplant, viral reservoir re-activation and eradication, and genome and epigenetic viral targeting. However, CNS penetration by HIV-1 occurs early on in the disease course with the establishment of the CNS viral reservoir and is an important limiting factor for these therapies.","PeriodicalId":72759,"journal":{"name":"Current treatment options in infectious diseases","volume":"12 3","pages":"227-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s40506-020-00228-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25340993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8