Advances in Environmental Studies最新文献

{"title":"Using Solar Photovoltaic Energy for Irrigation: A Review of the Application","authors":"B. Đurin, Lajqi Shpetim, Lucija Plantak, N. Kranjčić","doi":"10.36959/742/232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/232","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agriculture, orcharding, gardening, as well as the use of grassy sports fields cannot be realized without irrigation. Such a procedure requires water and energy resources. Water resources define even consideration for the possibility of irrigation, while energy source is the second task which must be satisfied. Nowadays, using renewable energy sources for irrigation is a very promising solution, despite the still extensive use of fossil fuels. Application of the solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is a very promising solution, due to the availability of insolation and its overlapping with water needs for the plant growing. PV energy could be implied in isolated and remote locations and islands, as well as in desert areas. This paper will give insight into the actual “state of the art” of using solar photovoltaic energy for the purpose of the irrigation. Check for updates Citation: Đurin B, Lajqi S, Plantak L, et al. (2020) Using Solar Photovoltaic Energy for Irrigation: A Review of the Application. Adv Environ Stud 4(2):358-367 Đurin et al. Adv Environ Stud 2020, 4(2):358-367 Open Access | Page 359 | mum power available from the PV panels. However, inverters are designed to being incorporated with an MPPT device, so that additional MPPT devices are not required. Role of the switch controller is controlling the solar battery (accumulator) overcharging [2]. Due to the purpose of this review paper, procedure for usually diesel generators, or connection with an electro distribution grid, are required as an additional source of energy for the case of lack of the insolation. This refers to cloudiness, or even for days without insolation. Generally, motors powered by PV are connected to any variable-speed (centrifugal) pump. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system scan be used to track the position of the Sun, i.e. to obtain maxiFigure 1: Energy flow (circle) between the Sun, the atmosphere and the ground. Figure 2: The most common parts of PV water pumping systems [2]. Citation: Đurin B, Lajqi S, Plantak L, et al. (2020) Using Solar Photovoltaic Energy for Irrigation: A Review of the Application. Adv Environ Stud 4(2):358-367 Đurin et al. Adv Environ Stud 2020, 4(2):358-367 Open Access | Page 360 | Figure 4. Generally, a salient pole rotor is used on which rotor winding is mounted. Rotor winding is fed with a DC supply with the help of slip rings. Rotors with permanent magnets can also be used [7,8]. An asynchronous motor is also popularly called as Induction motor. At the Asynchronous or Induction motor, stator winding is similar to that of a synchronous motor. It is wound for a specific number of poles, Figure 5. A squirrel cage rotor, or a wound rotor can be used. In a squirrel cage rotor, the rotor bars are permanently short-circuited with end rings. In wound rotor, windings are also permanently short-circuited, hence no slip rings are required [7]. Stator poles of the synchronous motor rotate at the synsizing, as well as all required equation","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73866750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Saline Water Intrusion and Suitability of Groundwater for Domestic Purposes in Lagos Coastal Area, SW Nigeria: Using NIOMR Jetty as a Case Study","authors":"Popoola Samuel Olatunde, Unyimadu John-Paul, Nubi Olubunmi Ayoola, Hamzat Abdulmujeeb, Adegbite Akintunde Adewole, Oba Ismaila Ayinde, A. Oluwaseun, Lere-Aliu Moromade Abibat, A. Salisu, Olabiyi Taofeek Olawale, Oghenede Esther Karo, M. Solomon","doi":"10.36959/742/231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/231","url":null,"abstract":"The current study deals with the evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic purposes within the coastal communities of Lagos, using a 200 feet monitoring borehole at the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and marine research (NIOMR) Jetty, Southwest Nigeria as a case study. The monitoring borehole water was analysed for physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature) and nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, sulphate) from January-December, 2019. A borehole located in the Lagos mainland was used as control. The analytical results showed that the concentration ranges of nitrite (3-7 mg/L), nitrate (16-32 mg/L), salinity (13.99-21.18‰) and electrical conductivity (2545-3072 μS/cm) exceed the permissible limit stipulated by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), which are 1 mg/l, 10 mg/L, 0‰ and < 1500 μS/cm for nitrite, nitrate, salinity, and electrical conductivity respectively. The groundwater samples from the control station showed electrical conductivity and salinity ranges of 7.3-73 μS/cm and 0‰ respectively, and which made samples from the control to be classified as freshwater. The high salinity (21.18‰) and electrical conductivity (3072 μS/cm) during the wet season (July, September and October) affirmed the influence of seawater intrusion into the freshwater aquifer of the monitoring borehole. Our study further showed the highest elevated groundwater level (1.58 m) in October, which coincides with the highest electrical conductivity (3072 μS/cm) value in the same month. While the correlation between the groundwater level and electrical conductivity clearly shows evidence of seawater intrusion at the study location, elevated nitrite and nitrate concentrations above the USEPA permissible limits, provide evidence for leachate of seepages from anthropogenic sources. This study has shown not only that subsurface pollutants in the form of saline water intrusion and infiltration of leachates are the major controlling factors of groundwater pollution at the NIOMR Jetty, but it has also revealed an essential insight into the groundwater pollution of the coastal environment of Lagos state, Southwest Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73807615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing if Habitat and Movements Determine the Threats and Trends for Common Birds in Europe","authors":"Balmori Alfonso, A. Puente","doi":"10.36959/742/229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/229","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing concern about the biodiversity crisis the planet is suffering due to increasingly widespread human activity. A key question is whether only the species with threatened status should be managed by policy makers or whether also common species deserve consideration. This study is devoted for common birds, because for the threatened species the decline factors are much better known. As a result of a thorough search, a comparison at the continental scale focusing on European common birds and analysing their main threats and trends depending on their habitats and movements (migratory or sedentary character) has been done. This is therefore a theoretical study that tries to investigate the relationships between these four variables that condition in an important way the state of their populations. The different categorical variables (habitats, movements, threats and trends) were checked together in order to find some relationships between them, using log-linear analysis or contingency tables depending on the number of variables considered. We can conclude that “Threats” are different between both “Habitats” and “Movements” of common birds, which also interact between them. The trends in European common birds are slightly influenced by the habitat they occupy which is at the same time associated with their movements. Studies with this approach in different areas could be valuable to analyse common patterns that could guide conservation efforts and action plans in specific directions and increase their efficiency with less expenditure of resources.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87389612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Chitosan (CHS) and Chitosan-Silver Nanoadsorbents (COMP) in Adsorption of Cu (II) and Fe (II) Ions from Electroplating Wastewater","authors":"S. A., Ndamitso Mm, Iyaka Ya, Abdulkareem As, Tijani Jo","doi":"10.36959/742/228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/228","url":null,"abstract":"Role and (COMP) in Adsorption of Cu (II) and Fe (II) Ions from Electroplating Wastewater. Adv Environ Stud 4(2):318-330 Abstract In this work, green development of CHS-silver nanocomposite (COMP) using aqueous leaf extracts of Nicotiana tabacum and silver nitrate as reducing agent and precursor respectively. The prepared CHS and COMP were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The CHS and nanocomposite were employed to remove copper and iron metal ions from electroplating wastewater via batch adsorptions process. The XRD results of the nanocomposite confirmed the formation of COMP. The BET results showed increased in surface area of CHS from 12.67 to 139.20 m 2 /g after doped with nanosilver. The maximum percentage removal of copper and iron by COMP were 94.76% and 98.80% respectively under the applied conditions of 348 K (temperature), 60 minutes (contact time) using 25 mg (adsorbent dosage). The isotherm data were well best fitted to Jovanovic isotherm model. While kinetic data followed the pseudo-second order model, an indication of chemical adsorption. This study showed that COMP with high adsorption efficiency can be used successfully to adsorbed copper and iron from electroplating wastewater.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85145540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protect the Environment and Protect Yourself from the Environment","authors":"Niazi Shamim","doi":"10.36959/742/226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/226","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the potential of a country and nation is critical for setting reasonable and analyzed vision of sustainable development for the people and their present and future generations. The natural and cultural resources of a country and people are fundamental to fostering the intergenerational equity, sustainable development and free and independent values. Natural resources are derived from the environment that includes both biotic and abiotic or renewable and non-renewable resources and these natural resources define how wealthy or poorer the country is. Cultural resources are historic and architectural sites, ruins, artifacts, sacred sites, traditional cultural properties, old structures, or places and locations of traditional cultural or religious importance to specific social or cultural groups. Both natural and cultural resources bless value to the physical environment of the country and people. Economic and sustainability opportunities in such countries exist in the form of natural and cultural tourisms.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82393510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Droughts Influence Earthquakes","authors":"Ren Diandong, Fu Rong","doi":"10.36959/742/220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/220","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes result from strain build-up from without and weakening from within faults. A generic co-seismic condition is presented that includes just three angles representing, respectively, fault geometry, fault strength, and the ratio of fault coupling to lithostatic loading. Correspondingly, gravity fluctuations, bridging effects, and granular material production/distribution form an earthquake triad. As a dynamic constituent of the gravity field, groundwater fluctuation is the nexus between the triad components. It is pivotal in regulating major seismic irregularity, by reducing natural (dry, or purely tectonic, stationary seismicity) inter-seismic periods and by lowering magnitudes. Specifically, to exert stress on the fault, groundwater does not need to reside deep in proximity to the locked fault interface, as it can work remotely. It can act mechanically-direct (MD), by a differential de-loading and superimposing a seismogenetic lateral stress field, thereby aiding plate-coupling, from without, or mechanically-indirect (MI) by enhancing fault fatigue, and hence weakening the fault, from within. To verify this hypothesis, gravity measurements, and a numerical model, are used. The remote action hypothesis is globally applicable. Detailed results are presented for the Himalayan and New Zealand regions. The gravity recovery and Climate experiment (GRACE measurements) reveals that major earthquakes (Mw 5 and above) always occur in the dry stage, indicating drought and associated groundwater extraction is an important trigger for major earthquakes. By exploring 73 historical records successfully reproduced by the model, it is found that for collisional (e.g., the peri-Tibetan Plateau) and strike-slip (e.g., the San Andreas Fault) systems, the MD mechanism dominates, because the orographically induced spatially highly variable precipitation is channeled into greater depth by through-cut faults. Droughts elsewhere also are seismogenetic, but likely through MI effects. In a warming future climate, mechanisms identified here play a greater role in increasing the recurrence frequency of major earthquakes, but also in slightly reducing their severity.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Abuse among Middle Eastern Immigrants and Refugees in Greater Detroit, Michigan, U.S.","authors":"HJ Jamil, A Niasy, MH Jamil, S. Rawaf","doi":"10.36959/742/218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/218","url":null,"abstract":"Substance usage is a prevailing endemic around the globe. It has a global effect on the economic and social aspects of society, making it crucial to assess risk factors and prevalence. However, immigrants and refugees who came to the U.S., large numbers of them have come from Middle Eastern countries which have war and other problems such as psychiatric disorders like depression and stress.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84344257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis, Extraction and Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPSs) from Aspergillus clavatus","authors":"Hussien Ss","doi":"10.36959/742/219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/219","url":null,"abstract":"Six fungal strains were isolated from El-Sella ore material (Fusarium solani, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus clavatus, Cladosporium herbarum and Epicoccum nigrum), and screened for exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production. In this study, the most promising fungus producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was A. clavatus which was identified according to microscopic morphological feature.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82636649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability and the European Waste Management Industry","authors":"P. Jones, D. Comfort","doi":"10.36959/742/217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/217","url":null,"abstract":"Waste raises a range of environmental problems within Europe and sustainability has become an increasingly important \u0000challenge for the waste management industry. The aim of this paper is to offer an exploratory review of the approaches \u0000to sustainability within the European waste management industry. The paper begins with brief outlines of waste and the \u0000waste management industry in Europe and the growing interest in sustainability reporting. This is followed by a review of \u0000the sustainability reporting by some of the leading waste management companies operating within Europe and the paper \u0000concludes by offering some reflections on current approaches to sustainability within the industry. The findings reveal \u0000that the sustainability reports included details of a wide range of environmental, social and economic issues but more \u0000generally, the reports had a number of weaknesses that undermined their transparency and credibility. The authors also \u0000argue that the selected companies’ definitions of, and commitments to, sustainability are principally driven as much by \u0000business imperatives as by any fundamental concern to maintain the viability and integrity of natural and social capital.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"50 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91510608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Plant Functional Groups as a Strategy for Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Grassland Ecosystems","authors":"R. Deirdre, Setzler Bailey, Chiu Yi-Wen","doi":"10.36959/742/216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36959/742/216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues for the use of plant functional groups as an important strategy for modeling carbon dynamics in grasslands. Carbon sequestration is paramount to help reduce climate change globally, and grasslands, representing 40% of all terrestrial area, can serve as primary locations of sequestration if optimal management strategies can be realized. Currently, the majority of research occurs in the field, which can take years to find what an optimal carbon sequestration strategy looks like, but modeling ecosystems offers an opportunity of realize long term management strategies for a particular locations. Current ecosystem modeling strategies tend to focus on agricultural applications or are model grassland for large regions, like Europe, or globally. Models tend to use just a few species, or only C3/C4 groups, as opposed to using C3 and C4 grasses as separate groups as well as forbs and legumes in their model. This paper lays out a justification for using the four groups in modeling in order to optimize simulation models while accounting for the importance of diversity in modeling strategies.","PeriodicalId":7252,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental Studies","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82582421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}