Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol and Marijuana Polysubstance Use: Comparison of PTSD Symptom Endorsement and Severity Patterns.","authors":"Nathan T Kearns,&nbsp;Renee M Cloutier,&nbsp;Caitlyn Carey,&nbsp;Ateka A Contractor,&nbsp;Heidemarie Blumenthal","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2019.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2019.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of work links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use. Unfortunately, much of the literature has examined associations in isolation (e.g., alcohol only). Failure to account for simultaneous or concurrent substance use may limit conclusions that can be drawn from existing research, including the extent to which specific substances contribute differentially to PTSD symptom patterns. The current study examined differences in PTSD symptom profiles between individuals using one or both of the most commonly co-administered psychoactive substances - alcohol and marijuana. Trauma-exposed participants (N = 533; M_age = 21.15) comprised two mutually-exclusive groups: past-month alcohol-only use (n = 334) or past-month alcohol and marijuana use (n = 199). Cluster-level and symptom-level profile analyses evaluated mean differences and shape (parallelism) of PTSD symptom severity profiles between the groups. Follow-up analyses examined symptom-specific difference in PTSD symptom endorsement and severity. Overall, individuals using marijuana and alcohol evidenced greater PTSD negative cognition (30.8% greater) and hyperarousal (26.4% greater) symptom severity. Alcohol and marijuana users were more likely to endorse, and report greater severity of, mood-related PTSD negative cognition symptoms (e.g., anhedonia, negative affect) and externalizing hyperarousal symptom (e.g., irritability/aggression, risky behaviors) than alcohol-only users. Findings highlight important PTSD differences between individuals that are often lumped into homogenous categories of isolated substance users. Findings provide preliminary support for an 'additive' self-medication model between PTSD and polysubstance use. Lastly, findings indicate that mood-related negative cognition symptoms and externalizing hyperarousal symptoms may be important targets for PTSD-polysubstance use intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/67/nihms-1058796.PMC8048151.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38886173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marijuana Use Episodes and Partner Intimacy Experiences: A Daily Report Study.","authors":"Maria Testa,&nbsp;Weijun Wang,&nbsp;Jaye L Derrick,&nbsp;Kenneth E Leonard","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2019.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2019.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although marijuana use has been linked to negative consequences for intimate relationships, an emerging literature suggests that under some circumstances it may have positive consequences. Couples who use substances together report better relationship functioning over time and may experience positive short-term outcomes. Using a sample of 183 heterosexual, frequent marijuana-using couples from the community, reporting over 30 consecutive days, we examined whether marijuana use episodes were associated temporally with reports of couple intimacy experiences within the next two hours. We used multilevel modeling, within an Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework, modeling male and female outcomes simultaneously. Consistent with hypotheses, simultaneous marijuana use (male and female partners reported use at the same hour) increased the likelihood of an intimate experience for both men and women. However, we also found positive effects for Actor and Partner solo marijuana use on male and female reports of intimacy events. When analyses were limited to marijuana use episodes in which the respondent reported on presence of partner, we found that positive effects on intimate experiences were limited to marijuana use episodes in which partner was present; use without partner did not influence likelihood of intimacy. The robust positive effects of using marijuana with one's partner on intimacy events may serve to reinforce continued couple use and explain the positive effects of concordant substance use on relationship functioning over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"2 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6433396/pdf/nihms-989807.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37262990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Use Matters: The Role of Peer Norms and Approval on College Students’ Marijuana Use","authors":"Victoria Ameral, Meghan E. Reilly, K. Reed, D. Hines","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43546069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: An Examination of Driving Beliefs and Practices of Medical and Recreational Cannabis Users across the United States","authors":"C. Cuttler, M. Sexton, Laurie K Mischley","doi":"10.26828/CANNABIS.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/CANNABIS.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Trends toward the legalization of cannabis are raising concerns about driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC). The goal of this study was to examine the percentage of cannabis users who believe DUIC is safe, who drive within one hour of using cannabis, and who have experienced a DUIC-related incident (i.e., ticket/accident). We further sought to compare these percentages in exclusively medical versus exclusively recreational versus mixed cannabis users and in participants surveyed before versus after legal sales of recreational cannabis. Finally, we examined predictors of DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. An anonymous online survey was administered to cannabis users across the 50 United States (N=1773; 54% Male) to assess DUIC beliefs, practices, and incidents. 52.4% reported believing DUIC is safe, 52.1% admitted to driving within one hour of using cannabis, but only 3.9% reported experiencing a DUIC-related incident. No significant differences were found in exclusively medical, exclusively recreational, and mixed cannabis users or in WA respondents surveyed before- and after-legal sales in WA state. Older age, less education, higher frequency and quantities of use, and driving within one hour of use predicted beliefs DUIC is safe. Younger age, more education, higher frequency and quantities of use, younger age of first use, and beliefs DUIC is safe predicted driving within one hour of using cannabis. Male gender, lower income, and higher frequency of use predicted DUIC-related incidents. Rates of DUIC are high among cannabis users but self-reported accidents/tickets are low. Recreational cannabis sales do not appear to be exacerbating these rates. \u0000DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.001","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44623842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Methods for Locating Medical Marijuana Dispensaries: Practical Considerations for Future Research.","authors":"Eric R Pedersen,&nbsp;Megan Zander-Cotugno,&nbsp;Regina A Shih,&nbsp;Joan S Tucker,&nbsp;Michael S Dunbar,&nbsp;Elizabeth J D'Amico","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowing the names, locations, and signage of medical marijuana dispensaries is critical for assessing how marijuana availability affects neighborhood quality and marijuana use, yet no detailed methods for locating and coding dispensaries are published. Limitations regarding accuracy of official records, unregulated businesses, and the size of areas where dispensaries are located make it difficult to accurately capture all open dispensaries in any area. In this study, we test a practical and feasible method to collect a point-in-time portrayal of medical marijuana dispensaries in a large urban area lacking an official record of these businesses. Using publicly-available Internet sources alone, we collected the name, address, phone number, signage, and open/closed status of medical marijuana dispensaries in Los Angeles County between October 2016 and February 2017. Data were verified by calling a subset of dispensaries and comparing data against a list of licensed dispensaries. Our methods yielded 872 unique dispensaries in Los Angeles County, of which 470 were open. Most open stores were discernable by a green cross sign; however, few had names that clearly indicated the store sold marijuana. Data verification procedures showed that Internet sources were able to locate nearly all dispensaries in the county that were then verified with non-Internet methods, such as calling the businesses to confirm information. This study is significant as it provides methodology that can be replicated in other metropolitan areas, facilitating comparisons across databases in different locations and regulatory environments. However, caution should be taken when solely using Internet sources. Accurate information on dispensary names, locations, and signage can advance research and provide important information for policy decisions. Methods for enhancing the online methods described in this study are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6625809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37416641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Indirect Effects of Self-Efficacy on Cannabis Use via Cannabis Protective Strategies: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Eleftherios M Hetelekides,&nbsp;Alexander J Tyskiewicz,&nbsp;Mark A Prince,&nbsp;R Lorraine Collins","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabis use has more than doubled in the past decade and nearly three of 10 users develop a cannabis use disorder. The increase in users, combined with the ongoing changes in the medical, legal and social status of cannabis, has contributed to interest in the antecedents of cannabis use. In the current preliminary study, we gathered information from a community sample (N = 54) of regular cannabis using young adults. Assessments included perceived self-efficacy for reducing intake or abstaining (SE-R/A), use of cannabis protective strategies (CPS), and average quantity of cannabis use per day. We systematically explored which specific CPS were most strongly associated with self-efficacy and cannabis use. Three clinically relevant subgroups of CPS emerged from this analysis: strategies strongly associated with only self-efficacy, only cannabis use, and both variables. We hypothesized that self-efficacy would be associated with less cannabis use via use of CPS. Among specific CPS examined, \"Use a little and then wait to see how you feel before using more\" had the strongest association with self-efficacy while \"Avoid methods of using cannabis that can make you more intoxicated than you would like\" had the strongest negative association with cannabis use. We observed a significant indirect relationship from self-efficacy to cannabis use through use of CPS. Our findings suggest that use of CPS is a potential mechanism by which cannabis users reduce use, and a more proximal antecedent of cannabis use than personal confidence in one's ability to stop using. These preliminary findings highlight the value of studying individual strategies. They also may have implications for promoting use of cannabis protective strategies when treating those with cannabis use problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8318200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Outcomes of a Computerized CBT/MET Intervention for Depressed Cannabis Users in Psychiatry Care.","authors":"Suzette Glasner,&nbsp;Frances Kay-Lambkin,&nbsp;Alan J Budney,&nbsp;Michael Gitlin,&nbsp;Bruce Kagan,&nbsp;Helene Chokron-Garneau,&nbsp;Alfonso Ang,&nbsp;Alexandra Venegas","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although depression is common among cannabis users, there is a paucity of targeted interventions addressing depression and cannabis use disorders concurrently. In the present pilot study, we examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a computer-assisted intervention combining cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) techniques for adults with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) presenting for care in a psychiatric setting. Adults with MDD and CUD (N=26) recruited from mental health care settings were enrolled in a 10-week, computer-assisted psychosocial intervention: Self-Help for Alcohol and other Drug Use and Depression (SHADE). Feasibility, acceptability, perceived helpfulness, treatment retention, completion, and clinical outcomes including cannabis use and depression were assessed. Participants found the SHADE intervention to be acceptable and helpful in facilitating action towards their therapeutic goals concerning depression and cannabis use. Treatment completion, achieved by the majority (85%) of participants, was excellent. On average, participants reduced their past 30 day cannabis use from baseline (mean percentage of days using = 69%) to follow-up (M=44%) (t(22)= 2.3, p<0.05; Effect Size= 0.79). Concurrently, they evidenced reductions in depressive symptom severity, from the moderately severe range at baseline to the mild range at follow-up (t(24)=7.3, p<0.001; Effect Size=1.52). Addressing comorbid CUD and MDD using a computer-assisted, evidence-based treatment strategy is feasible in a psychiatric care setting, and may produce improvements in both depressive symptoms and cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"36-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6910653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37460128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-faded: Young Adults' Language of Being Simultaneously Drunk and High.","authors":"Megan E Patrick,&nbsp;Christine M Lee","doi":"10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2018.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"cross-faded,\" observed in focus groups and on a variety of websites, appears to refer to overlapping drug effects of multiple substances used at the same time, particularly alcohol and marijuana. This study explores young adult understanding of the cross-faded terminology in order to inform substance use research and intervention. Young adult participants (N=807, ages 18-23) in the screening survey for Project Transitions based in Seattle, WA were asked whether they had heard of being cross-faded, what they thought it meant, and how desirable and risky they thought it was. Cross-faded was a commonly understood term (87% had heard of it), most often described as using alcohol and marijuana simultaneously (43%) and second most as being both drunk and high (25%), specifically. Being cross-faded was seen as moderately risky and not desirable by most, although 18.2% described it as moderately or very desirable. Risk factor differences in perceptions of being cross-faded were found for sex, college status, and alcohol and marijuana use. Cross-faded is a common term for the effects of using multiple substances. As such it merits further research consideration with the aim of optimizing the effectiveness of surveys and programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"1 2","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6329594/pdf/nihms-975678.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36864666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Protective Behavioral Strategies among Young Adult Veteran Marijuana Users.","authors":"Eric R Pedersen,&nbsp;Margo C Villarosa-Hurlocker,&nbsp;Mark A Prince","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young adult veterans are at risk for problematic marijuana use and associated consequences, which is partially due to their high rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and problematic substance use. Veterans tend to endorse more severe and chronic mental health symptoms compared to their civilian counterparts and they identify marijuana use as a method to cope with their symptoms. Given the prevalence of marijuana use among veterans in the community and in clinical settings, it is important to explore the factors that may help minimize harm associated with use for those that choose to use the drug. The present study sought to examine the impact of protective behavioral strategies on the relationship between mental health symptoms and marijuana use and consequences in a sample of 180 young adult veteran marijuana users. Participants were recruited via social media advertisements and completed measures of marijuana use and consequences, protective behavioral strategies, and PTSD and depression symptoms. Findings indicated that more frequent use of protective behavioral strategies was associated with less marijuana use and consequences. Participants who screened positive for PTSD or depression reported more marijuana consequences than did those not positive on these screeners. Regression analyses revealed protective strategies moderated the relationship between PTSD and marijuana consequences such that young veterans who endorsed more PTSD symptoms and infrequent use of protective strategies reported the most marijuana consequences. No moderating effects were found for the relationship between depression and marijuana consequences. Findings have clinical implications for working with young veterans.</p>","PeriodicalId":72520,"journal":{"name":"Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.)","volume":"1 1","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5947861/pdf/nihms903398.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36095665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}