Cancer studies and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Intralesional Therapy in Oncology: A New Vision of a Classic Treatment","authors":"M. Sureda, V. Escudero-Ortiz, E. Martínez-Navarro, J. Rebollo","doi":"10.31038/cst.2021621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2021621","url":null,"abstract":"Intralesional therapy has been used in oncology for over a century. The former empirical observations on local control were followed by trials with administration of different substances and/or destructive treatments with the aim of controlling cancer growth. Chemotherapy, molecular target therapy, radiotherapy and other physical therapies were initially viewed as a strategy that mainly affected tumor cells, but accumulating evidence in recent years indicates that can also affect the immune system and the tumor microenvironment to contribute to tumor regression. In the light of the recent and relevant findings in immunotherapy, a new point of view that integrates the current knowledge in the topic is presented, with the aim of stimulating further research that might help to optimize the use of new drugs, making them affordable, more effective and less toxic.","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88452411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Responses of Patients Receiving a Diagnosis of Adenocarcinoma","authors":"RN RabiaHaddad","doi":"10.31038/cst.2021622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2021622","url":null,"abstract":"In some health organizations, the patients kept ignored in relation to the true nature of their disease, the risks involved, and their prognosis. While in some cases a doctor and a nurse may still withhold information concerning certain details that might threaten the recovery of a patient who is unstable, nervous, or seriously depressed. Nowadays, the sharing of information is governed by the principle of autonomy that is, patients themselves take decisions on everything concerning their disease and must confirm their knowledge and acceptance of any tests or treatments that carry risks by signing an informed consent form Guerra-Tapia [1]. Therefore, before starting to discuss the case of Mr. X and how to inform him with his new diagnosis, more emphasis should be done to understand the definition of what we call it as “bad news”. Buckman (1984) [2], was the first person to define the bad news as “any information likely to alter drastically a patient’s view of his or her future” [3]. Although those information are as it was mentioned in the definition will altered Mr. X expectations for his future, he should be informed about his condition. Delivering unfavorable information is important for many reasons. Giving him the truthful and correct information about his condition can help him make informed choices about his treatment and take responsibility for his care, rise his understanding and awareness of his condition and support him to make appropriate plans for his future. Additionally, this practice will prevent him from undertaking heavy treatment and facilitate end-of-life care planning [4]. Mr. X should know everything he needs in order to participate in diagnostic and therapeutic decisions concerning his own disease. As a long term outcome, Mr. X will perceive the healthcare team as honest; he will experience an increase in his satisfaction, compliance, and coping mechanisms. Moreover, and in general, after a person’s death, memories of care at the end of life will remain with those who grieve the loss and can affect their perception of the facility, healthcare Case Report","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"19 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82999104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comment on Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection from a Historian of Science","authors":"Maria Rentetzi","doi":"10.31038/cst.2021614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2021614","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer Stud Ther J, Volume 6(1): 1–2, 2021 In 1985 Hans Blix, the then IAEA Director General, called for the creation of an advisory committee in the area of nuclear safety. As a result, IAEA’s International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group (INSAG) was formed with the main objective to offer advice on matters of nuclear safety, produce safety standards, and identify nuclear safety issues of international significance [1]. Only a year later the newly created Advisory Group was faced with one of the most terrifying nuclear accidents in history: Chernobyl. The concept of ‘safety culture’ was first introduced in the report that the Advisory Group issued a few months after the accident. Product of a crisis in the nuclear industry, the concept of safety culture was defined and analyzed as “assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals, which establishes that, as an overriding priority, nuclear plant safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance.” Obviously, the emphasis was on organizational policies and managerial actions while individuals were seen as having “personal attitudes and habits of thought” linked to safety [2]. The aim was to strengthen the safety of nuclear power plants and avoid Chernobyl-type accidents in the future. Nevertheless, in a IAEA 2007 updated definition of culture, “nuclear power plant safety issues” (1986 definition) has been simply replaced by “protection and safety issues” [3] to mark a wider concern about safety culture in other “safety conscious industries” [4]. Evidently, since 1986 nuclear safety culture has been closely and primarily connected to organizational and technical issues within nuclear industrial settings leaving the medical sector largely unaffected. In this sense, culture is identified with learned behavior, a whole body of attitudes, habits, and practices passed on from one generation of nuclear operators to the next and related to the style of organizations and their culture. This understanding of safety culture is linked to earlier conceptualizations of culture—as static, shared, and uniform—that have prevailed in anthropology in the early part of the 20th century. The culture concept in use comes actually to mean the cultivation of people—in this case nuclear operators—through special technical education. Based on this perspective, individuals have been seen as complacent or in a position that is opposed to and thus outside culture [5-7].","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76450455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smaller and Small: Strategies to Iterate to Knowledge about the Granular Aspects of Donations","authors":"Hollis Belger, Ariola Harizi, S. Davidov, Pnina Deitel","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020543","url":null,"abstract":"rigorously uncover the nature of the for a specific end recipient, that recipient being Center (name disguised to preserve confidentiality). The is to children with cancer by addressing their medical, social, and psychological needs, as well as their family’s The is to discover what type of messages are likely to drive a person to donate. The problem is a practical one with a limited scope, specifically Children’s Cancer Center’s donations, but the learning which emerges from the study is relevant to an understanding of other communications driving support for a given charity. The empirical part of this paper shows the two steps followed to discover what to say to potential donors about Children’s Cancer Center. The combination of the two studies may be viewed as a discussion of ‘method,’ so-called methodological research. The specific findings of the second study, which is larger, but still small in terms of general practice, show what can be discovered for practical use. Abstract The paper presents the use of an emerging science, Mind Genomics, to understand a practical aspect of daily life: what motivates a person to donate to a specific charity. Beyond the knowledge of specific messages which are deemed to be potentially effective as a stimulus to donation, the paper shows how knowledge of a specific end-use can inform us about the mind of a person for a more general problem—how understanding the messages for donation drives a deeper understanding of human motivation. The paper moves from inexpensive pilot tests, through an affordable experiment, and onto the creation of a","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79216340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Utility of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"M. Jaradeh, B. Curran, W. Vigneswaran","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020542","url":null,"abstract":"this study paved Abstract Although the utilization of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has traditionally been severely limited, numerous recent technological advancements have allowed for rapid progression of the field in various forms. With the maturation of techniques such as genotyping, immunohistochemistry, large-scale antibody production, and ultra-high throughput screening among many others, the production of novel NSCLC-focused CAR T-cells encompassing a wide array of structural designs and functions has yet to undergo a transition comparable to that of the previous decade. Indeed, the number and quality of modern antigens, antibodies, short-chain variable fragment (scFv) sequences, ligands, and inhibitors available for designing and bioengineering CARs have allowed for a markedly increased understanding of the mechanisms and processes necessary for the successful production of a CAR T-cell line. Most notably, advances in antigen understanding, targeting, and manipulation, CAR module integration, interaction, and compatibility, and immune cell modulation are three approaches currently at the focal point of NSCLC-focused CAR T-cell production. Herein, we briefly discuss the current status of each of these three strategies; novel targeting of NSCLC tumor-specific antigens, bispecific and physiological CAR T-cells, and inhibitory CAR T-cells, in the ongoing development of viable NSCLC management options.","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84442408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"https://researchopenworld.com/dosimetric-comparison-and-clinical-toxicity-in-cervical-cancer-patients-treated-with-intensity-modulated-and-three-dimensional-conformal-radiotherapy-real-world-data/#","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76904206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"https://researchopenworld.com/car-t-neurotoxicity-causing-severe-brain-oedema-and-tonsillar-herniation-in-a-young-child-with-relapse-all-a-case-report/#","authors":"R. Lerner, E. Jacoby, G. Paret","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020534","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cellular immunotherapy with autologous T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors is emerging as a promising new class of immunotherapeutic agents, however may cause unique symptoms of neuro-toxicity, such as toxic encephalopathic state with symptoms of confusion and delirium, and occasionally seizures and cerebral oedema. presentation : Hereby, we report a case of a 4-year-old boy, with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and refractory CNS involvement, which was treated with CAR T-cells. The patient developed severe encephalopathy, high fever and seizures, and was treated with steroids and anticonvulsants. Nevertheless, the patient rapidly deteriorated and developed diffused brain oedema and herniation of cerebellar tonsils. the patient showed no neurological improvement and suffered brain death. Conclusion: Neurotoxicity is an important and common complication of CAR-T cell therapies. Usually, severe neurological symptoms are manageable in most patients, which respond to standard interventions. Early detection of neurological deterioration is of paramount importance, and pediatric intensivists should consider pre-emptive management for brain oedema, even prior to radiological evidence. Randomized prospective studies of treatment algorithms are urgently needed to improve patient monitoring and management.","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"722 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88641629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"https://researchopenworld.com/convalescent-plasma-therapy-for-covid-19/#","authors":"","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81609725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"https://researchopenworld.com/management-of-cancer-patients-undergoing-radiation-therapy-during-the-novel-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic-a-review-of-the-literature/#","authors":"A. Krauze","doi":"10.31038/cst.2020531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31038/cst.2020531","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer patients are more vulnerable to acquiring COVID 19 infection and may also experience higher morbidity and mortality. In the context of cancer patients may be affected through delayed diagnosis and have significant impact on management in resource strained settings. Cancer treatment typically involves a possible combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT). RT delivery requires often daily attendance to a cancer center, is complex and poses potentially additional risks for infection as well as treatment related complications. Optimization of infection control measures and RT treatment schedules is paramount to minimize the impact of the pandemic on patients and optimize outcomes. This review","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79234466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards COVID-19 Prophylaxis: An AIDS Preclinical Research Perspective.","authors":"Michele Di Mascio","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The success of an antiviral drug depends on its potency to neutralize the virus in vitro and its ability after administration in vivo to reach the anatomic compartments that fuel viral dissemination in the body. For instance, remdesivir, a potent SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug based on studies in vitro, if administered orally would be poorly effective because low drug levels would reach the lungs due to its high first pass destruction in the liver. This is the reason remdesivir can only be administered intravenously, a requirement that clearly limits its use as a prophylactic agent for COVID-19, although novel formulations for its easier administration are under development. Whether an antiviral prophylaxis could further control or even stop the COVID-19 epidemic in synergy with other non-pharmacological based mitigation strategies is today unknown. Since the mid-1960s, pharmacologists have investigated the use of lipid-based nanoparticles for efficient delivery of antivirals to tissues, for example by transforming the route of administration from intravenous to oral, subcutaneous or aerosol administrations. These novel encapsulation strategies have also the potential to maintain high levels of the antiviral drugs in tissues, with reduced dose frequency compared to the non-encapsulated drug. Several lipid-based nanoparticles are today approved by the US Food and Drug Administration or being tested in clinical studies with favorable toxicity profiles. Nonhuman primate models of coronavirus infection offer unique platforms to accelerate the search for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral prophylaxis. Paradigms, to corroborate this claim, are borrowed from nonhuman primate research studies, some of which had a profound impact on global public health in the specific setting of the AIDS pandemic. Sharing information from nonhuman primate research programs, invoking principles of scientific transparency and bioethics similar to those universally agreed for human studies, would also likely significantly help our collective fight (as the human species) against this public health emergency.</p>","PeriodicalId":72517,"journal":{"name":"Cancer studies and therapeutics","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472709/pdf/nihms-1623304.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10204972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}