Cancer diagnosis & prognosis最新文献

{"title":"Large Language Models as Decision-support Tools for Adjuvant Therapy Planning in Early-stage Hormone Receptor-positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Berkan Karabuğa, Mustafa Büyükkör, Ekin Konca Karabuğa, Ergin Aydemir, Osman Bilge Kaya, Mehmet Emin Yilmaz, Enes Kaptan, Öztürk Ateş, Fatih Yildiz","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10555","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Adjuvant treatment decisions in hormone receptor-positive (HR), HER2-negative early-stage breast cancer are frequently guided by multigene assays; however, limited access to genomic testing remains a significant challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between adjuvant treatment recommendations generated by large language models (ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-o3) and those of an experienced medical oncologist in HR+/HER2- early-stage breast cancer patients when genomic assay results were unavailable.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Clinical and pathological data from 411 patients with HR+/HER2- early-stage breast cancer were provided to ChatGPT-4o and ChatGPT-o3. Both models generated adjuvant treatment recommendations, chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy (CT+ET) or endocrine therapy alone (ET) based on ESMO and NCCN guidelines. These recommendations were compared with those of a medical oncologist. Agreement was assessed using Fleiss's and Cohen's kappa statistics, and differences among evaluators were analyzed using Cochran's Q test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall agreement among the clinician and the two models was substantial (κ=0.67). Moderate agreement was observed between the clinician and ChatGPT-4o (κ=0.60) and between the clinician and ChatGPT-o3 (κ=0.55). Agreement between the two language models was almost perfect (κ=0.88). ChatGPT-4o demonstrated closer alignment with clinical judgment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Large language models showed substantial concordance with clinician decision-making in adjuvant therapy planning for HR+/HER2- early-stage breast cancer in the absence of genomic testing. These findings suggest that such models may serve as supportive decision-making tools rather than independent decision-makers, particularly in settings with limited access to multigene assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"548-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147823898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in T Cell Subsets and Survival of Patients With Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Mehmet Artaç, Ayça Ceylan, Oğuzhan Yildiz, Fatih Saçkan, Melek Karakurt Eryilmaz, Murat Araz, Hasibe Artaç, Melike Emiroğlu","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10548","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Angiogenesis and immune modulation are integral to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is expressed not only on endothelial cells but also on lymphocytes, where it may modulates immune activity. However, its distribution on peripheral T-cell subsets and prognostic relevance in CRC remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively analyzed 52 histologically confirmed patients with CRC and 30 healthy controls. VEGFR2 expression on T-cell subsets [Th1, Th2, Th17, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs)] was quantified using flow cytometry. Associations between VEGFR expression and overall survival (OS) were examined using median fluorescence intensity (MFI) and percentage values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VEGFR expression was significantly elevated in lymphocytes and Th1 cells of patients with CRC compared with controls. Th1 levels were increased, particularly in advanced-stage disease (<i>p</i>=0.01). VEGFR expression in Th1, Th2, and CD8⁺ CTLs was higher than that in controls (<i>p</i>=0.04, <i>p</i>=0.03, and <i>p</i><0.001, respectively). Early-stage patients exhibited greater VEGFR expression in Th1 and Th17 subsets than both advanced-stage and control groups (<i>p</i>=0.01 and <i>p</i>=0.04). Patients with Th1 ≤14.7% had longer median OS (43.4 <i>vs</i>. 21.7 months, <i>p</i>=0.002), whereas higher Th9 (>10.7%) and Th17 (>11.2%) levels predicted better survival (<i>p</i>=0.001 and <i>p</i>=0.027). Lower VEGFR expression in Th1 (≤212 MFI), Th2 (≤268 MFI) and Th17 (≤285 MFI) subsets correlated with shorter OS (<i>p</i>=0.018, <i>p</i>=0.031, and <i>p</i>=0.031, respectively), indicating that VEGFR over-expression within these subsets may be associated with favorable prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VEGFR expression on peripheral T-cell subsets correlates with survival in CRC, suggesting its potential role as a prognostic and immunoregulatory biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"479-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Nutritional Index Predicts Early Recurrence After Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.","authors":"Hiromi Yasuda, Mai Shimamura, Takashi Ichikawa, Ryo Uratani, Shigeyuki Yoshiyama, Masaki Ohi, Shinji Yamashita, Hiroki Imaoka, Takahito Kitajima, Tadanobu Shimura, Mikio Kawamura, Yoshiki Okita, Yoshinaga Okugawa, Yuji Toiyama","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10557","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has improved oncologic outcomes in esophageal cancer, early postoperative recurrence remains a major cause of a poor prognosis. Immune-, inflammation-, and nutrition-based prognostic scores (IINBPS), such as the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), are reported prognostic markers in various malignancies; however, their ability to predict early recurrence after NAC remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the most reliable IINBPS for predicting early recurrence after esophagectomy following NAC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 61 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent curative esophagectomy following NAC between January 2012 and December 2024. Early recurrence was defined as recurrence within six months after surgery. Clinicopathological factors and IINBPS before and after NAC were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess predictive performance, and risk factors for early recurrence were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early postoperative recurrence occurred in 13 patients (21.3%). Among the evaluated IINBPS, pre-NAC PNI demonstrated the highest discriminatory ability, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71. Patients with <i>versus</i> without early recurrence had significantly lower pre-NAC PNI values. Multivariate analysis identified low pre-NAC PNI as an independent predictor of early recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-NAC PNI was the most useful IINBPS predictor of early recurrence after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"570-578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors for Recurrences Within One Year Following Radical Nephrectomy for Non-metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas.","authors":"Kensuke Bekku, Tomoaki Yamanoi, Tatsushi Kawada, Yusuke Tominaga, Takuya Sadahira, Satoshi Katayama, Takehiro Iwata, Shingo Nishimura, Motoo Araki","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10541","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify predictors of rapid recurrence following radical nephrectomy for non-metastatic renal cell carcinomas.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma who underwent radical nephrectomy between 2014 and 2024 at Okayama University Hospital were included. Rapid recurrence was defined as local or distant metastasis occurring within one year after radical nephrectomy, whereas recurrences occurring beyond one year were classified as non-rapid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among a total of 194 patients, 37 (19%) experienced recurrence during a median follow-up of 37 months, with 16 (43%) being classified as experiencing rapid recurrence. The multivariate Cox hazard model revealed that microscopic venous invasion and a size of 60 mm or larger were predictors of rapid recurrence (hazard ratio=4.1, 95% confidence interval=1.5-11.4, <i>p</i>=0.006, and hazard ratio=8.0, 95% confidence interval=2.6-25.0, <i>p</i><0.001, respectively). Dividing the entire cohort into four groups based on the presence of the two risk factors (0, 1: venous invasion, 1: tumor size, and 2), the median PFS was not estimable, 87, 67, and 7 months, respectively (<i>p</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Microscopic venous invasion and tumor size of 60 mm or larger were identified as independent predictors of rapid recurrence following radical nephrectomy for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"419-427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: An Ophthalmologist's Perspective from a Single-center Experience.","authors":"Dorota Pojda-Wilczek, Karolina Gerba-Górecka, Marta Hajduga-Szewczyk, Aleksandra Kuźbińska, Izabella Karska-Basta","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10546","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Lymphomas of the orbit and orbital adnexa are important concerns in ophthalmologic practice; however, due to their nonspecific signs and symptoms, establishing a definitive diagnosis is often challenging. This study aimed to further expand understanding of these entities by assessing the histopathological subtypes and characteristic features of orbital lymphomas in a population undergoing orbital surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology in Katowice.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Between 2011 and 2017, a total of 107 orbital surgeries were performed for various orbital tumors. Tissue samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. In all patients, orbital lesions were evaluated using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Additionally, several parameters were measured at baseline and after surgery, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) and associated ocular comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological examination identified B-cell lymphomas in 15 patients (8 women and 7 men; mean age, 65.61 years). Palpable orbital lesions were the most common manifestation of lymphoma (88.89% of cases). No significant changes in BCVA or intraocular pressure were observed postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Owing to its heterogeneous nature, orbital lymphoma may present with a wide range of clinical symptoms, often mimicking inflammatory conditions. Imaging studies and histopathological examination are essential for establishing the diagnosis and guiding subsequent treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"464-471"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status and Challenges of <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Japan.","authors":"Kayono Onishi, Yoshiya Horimoto, Kazuyo Kiribayashi, Yoichi Koyama, Kyoko Orimoto, Natsuki Uenaka, Hiroki Kusama, Takahiko Kawate, Kimito Yamada, Hiroshi Kaise, Natsuko Inagaki, Takashi Ishikawa","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10544","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In patients with breast cancer, breast cancer gene 1 and 2 (<i>BRCA1/2</i>) genetic testing is used to diagnose hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) and guide appropriate risk management for patients and their relatives. In Japan, this testing has been covered by the national health insurance system since 2020 for patients with breast cancer who meet specific eligibility criteria. However, insufficient implementation of genetic testing may lead to missed opportunities for appropriate risk-reducing strategies and early clinical intervention in patients with pathogenic variants. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the implementation status of <i>BRCA1/2</i> testing and the prevalence of pathogenic variants at our institution.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We analyzed 354 patients with breast cancer who underwent insurance-covered <i>BRCA1/2</i> genetic testing between July 2018 and September 2024. Patients were classified into three groups: a newly diagnosed group (diagnosed after the introduction of insurance coverage for HBOC testing in April 2020), a postoperative follow-up group (diagnosed before April 2020 and tested during follow-up), and a companion diagnostic group for metastatic breast cancer. Clinicopathological characteristics, fulfilled eligibility criteria, and positivity rates were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 354 patients, 238 (67.3%) were newly diagnosed, 60 (16.9%) were in postoperative follow-up, and 56 (15.8%) underwent companion diagnostic testing. Overall, 43 patients (12.1%) harbored pathogenic <i>BRCA1/2</i> variants (<i>BRCA1</i>, n=21; <i>BRCA2</i>, n=22). Variant positivity rates were 10.1% in the newly diagnosed group, 20.0% in the postoperative follow-up group, and 12.5% in the companion diagnostic group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The higher prevalence of pathogenic <i>BRCA1/2</i> variants in the postoperative follow-up group suggests that genetic testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) may be underutilized among eligible breast cancer patients during follow-up. Proactive testing recommendations by healthcare providers and improved patient understanding are essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Early Chemotherapy With Reduced In-Hospital Mortality and Complications in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Insights From a Nationwide Cohort.","authors":"Fiqe Khan, Abdullah Ahmad, Meher Ayyazuddin, Santosh Nalluri, Suriya Baskar","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10539","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Prompt treatment in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) is critical due to high risk of early mortality. Early initiation of chemotherapy has been associated with favorable outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in inpatient outcomes of APML based on time to chemotherapy initiation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried between the years 2016 and 2020 to identify all patients with APML who were administered chemotherapy inpatient. These patients were stratified into an early cohort if chemotherapy was given within 24 hours of admission and late cohort if it was after 24 hours. Baseline characteristics were compared amongst cohorts using independent sample <i>t</i>-tests and Chi-squared tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,155 APML patients, 1,300 (25.2%) received early treatment and 3,855 (74.8%) late. Early treated patients were younger (45.4±19.4 <i>vs.</i> 47.6±18.9 years; <i>p<</i>001) with comparable sex distribution (50.8% <i>vs.</i> 48.0% female; <i>p=</i>0.083). Racial distribution was similar but statistically different due to sample size: White (58.9% <i>vs.</i> 58.7%) and Black (13.3% <i>vs.</i> 12.6%) (<i>p<</i>0.001). Early treated patients had lower Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores (3.9 <i>vs.</i> 4.2; <i>p<</i>0.001), shorter hospital stays (18.0 <i>vs.</i> 29.5 days; <i>p<</i>0.001), lower hospital charges ($262,436 <i>vs.</i> $405,537; <i>p<</i>0.001), lower rates of neutropenia (14.2% <i>vs.</i> 21.8%), sepsis (9.6% <i>vs.</i> 14.3%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (23.8% <i>vs.</i> 35.8%), and mortality (4.6% <i>vs.</i> 6.7%) (<i>p<</i>0.01 for all).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early chemotherapy was associated with lower rates of DIC, sepsis and mortality despite similar demographics and comorbidity burden in APML patients. These findings support immediate initiation of chemotherapy upon presentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"399-407"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Soft and Hard Tissue Facial Lesions In Early Childhood Pioneering the Diagnosis of the Tumor Predisposition Syndrome Neurofibromatosis Type 1.","authors":"Reinhard E Friedrich, Felix K Kohlrusch, Christian Hagel, Manfred Giese","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10552","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome. The haploinsufficiency of the cells of NF1 patients is also evident in skeletal development and maintenance. Bone deformities of the facial skull often occur early in life and are topographically associated with a certain nerve sheath tumor, the plexiform neurofibroma (PNF), which is considered a precursor to malignant degeneration. The aim of the study was to analyze skeletal changes in the jaw and teeth over a longer period to differentiate between tumor-associated, development-dependent, and adaptive processes.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>The male patient, who was 2 years and 9 months old at the time of the initial examination, had developed a right-sided facial PNF. The patient, who underwent multiple surgical procedures, was examined clinically and radiologically over a period of 12.5 years. The follow-up examination revealed both the progression of the deformity in the ramus and jaw angle area and the influence of the local tumor on tooth development. However, radiological findings showed that the tumor-coated bone was capable of adaptive functions such as maintaining the condyle-fossa relationship despite significant dystrophy, and that the emergence of permanent teeth was an indicator of the preservation of the local differentiation capacity of the hard tissue, which must be ensured over many years to be successful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The analysis of jaw dysmorphia and the examination of the stages of dentition are valuable diagnostic aids for assessing the dysplastic component of an often-disfiguring facial tumor, which in rare cases can transform into a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. In individual cases, dental findings can provide clues for estimating the timing of the interaction between PNF and hard tissues which can apparently date back to the prenatal phase. The skeletal findings can already be identified on plain radiographs of the skull.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 3","pages":"520-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147824267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ossification of Mandibular Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients.","authors":"Reinhard E Friedrich, Felix K Kohlrusch, Christian Hagel, Martin Gosau","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10527","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In patients afflicted with the autosomal dominant hereditary tumor predisposition syndrome neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), central giant cell granuloma of the jaw (CGCG) is observed in rare cases. In NF1, the lesion is caused by mutations in the <i>NF1</i> gene. The report summarizes the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 2 NF1 patients and provides a brief evaluation of case reports on NF1-associated CGCG.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Both females with CGCG (age: 14 and 22 years) had either one or more jaw lesions. The lesions were removed with curettage to avoid dental injuries. In both cases, recurrences occurred, which led to re-ossification of the mandible through repeated surgical procedures after several years. The literature review based on 33 sufficiently documented cases shows clear differences between genders concerning the number of affected individuals in NF1. In addition, age at diagnosis of CGCG differed between NF1 patients compared to other RASopathies, namely Noonan syndrome. Cherubism-like lesions with tissue examination have only rarely been described in NF1 patients. In many reported cases surgical treatments were successful. However, in individual cases significantly mutilating interventions have been carried out, which raises questions about alternative treatment options. The proportion of purely diagnostic procedures without information about the further course is significant and limits information about the prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NF1-associated CGCG have predominantly been treated surgically. In these patients, CGCG can also be expected beyond adolescence. The examination of NF1 patients should include the assessment of potential facial manifestations with appropriately selected imaging. Long-term monitoring of the findings is mandatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 2","pages":"273-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-reported Outcomes of Adverse Events After Perioperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Takaaki Fujii, Kei Ichiba, Mayu Aoki, Keiko Tanabe, Misato Ogino, Sayaka Obayashi, Hiroyuki Takei","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10523","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Chemotherapy for breast cancer is associated with several adverse events (AEs), many of which are under-reported when assessed solely by physicians. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) obtained <i>via</i> structured questionnaires allow for more accurate assessment of the patients' symptoms. This prospective observational study used a PRO-based questionnaire to assess the long-term course of AEs among patients with breast cancer who underwent perioperative chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Patients with operable breast cancer who received perioperative chemotherapy with a docetaxel/cyclophosphamide (TC) or anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy regimen (A+T) were enrolled. A PRO-based questionnaire, prepared for this study and aligned with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, was administered at the end of each patient's chemotherapy regimen and 6 months later. The questionnaire covered nausea, vomiting, oral mucositis, constipation, diarrhea, dysgeusia, insomnia, neuropathy, nail loss, and alopecia. The frequency and severity of each AE were compared between regimens, and longitudinal changes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 115 patients (median age 50 years) were evaluated. Nausea, vomiting, mucositis, constipation, dysgeusia, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, and nail loss were common at the end of the patients' chemotherapy regimens, but 6 months later the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms had decreased. Several AEs persisted beyond 6 months; notably, neuropathy, dysgeusia, insomnia, and nail loss. Grade 3 symptoms persisted for neuropathy, and nail loss was confirmed to have increased at 6 months. Compared to the TC chemotherapy, peripheral sensory neuropathy persisted longer in the A+T group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PROs are thought to capture persistent symptoms that are often underestimated in conventional clinical practice. In the present breast cancer series, PRO-based monitoring revealed regimen-specific AE profiles and the persistence of neuropathy, dysgeusia, and nail changes beyond chemotherapy. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring not only during chemotherapy, but also in the months after the chemotherapy's completion, when patients continue to suffer from persistent symptoms. Incorporating structured PRO-based questionnaires into follow-up care may be crucial for optimizing supportive management.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 2","pages":"236-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147349224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}