Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine最新文献_第7页

Changes in life expectancy. New York City Department of Health. 预期寿命的变化。纽约市卫生局。

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

引用次数: 0

The ups and downs of adenovirus vectors. 腺病毒载体的起伏。

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

H S Ginsberg

{"title":"The ups and downs of adenovirus vectors.","authors":"H S Ginsberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the detailed knowledge of the structure of the adenovirus virions, including their DNA genomes, especially types 2 and 5, they are convenient viruses for construction of vectors for gene therapy and vaccine immunization. It is critical to note, however, that adenoviruses produce pathogenic inflammatory responses to infection. The inflammation occurs even if the adenovirus does not replicate when the inoculum is sufficiently large, because only early gene expression is responsible for the pathogenic reaction. The inflammation consists of an early phase, in which tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a major role, and a late phase consisting of an extensive T-cell response. It is important in the construction of adenovirus vectors not to delete a major portion of the early region 3 (E3) because: the E3 19 kD glycoprotein markedly reduces the capacity of the Class I major histocompatibility complex (Class I MHC) from transporting viral antigens to the surfaces of infected cells; and the E3 14.7 kD protein significantly inhibits the production of TNF-alpha and, therefore, reduces the polymorphonuclear response. Unfortunately the first generation of adenovirus gene therapy vectors contained large E3 deletions and, therefore, presented a significant safety problem. Subsequent adenovirus vectors consist of other deletions to overcome this difficulty.","PeriodicalId":72484,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2359382/pdf/bullnyacadmed01031-0061.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19773700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

X Fang, B Stanton, X Li, D Romer, J Galbraith, S Feigelman

{"title":"Similarity of risk and protective behaviors among African-American pre- and early adolescent members of naturally occurring friendship groups.","authors":"X Fang, B Stanton, X Li, D Romer, J Galbraith, S Feigelman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To determine whether self-reported risk and protective behaviors, expectations, and attitudes are more similar among African-American early adolescents within a community-based friendship group than across groups, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 African-American youth 9 through 15 years of age forming 76 community-based groups of 3 through 10 same-gender friends. Each member of the friendship group reported his/her own past involvement in nine risk behaviors (sexual intercourse, substance abuse, drug-trafficking, and other delinquent activities) and two protective behaviors (high academic performance and regular church attendance) and their expectations and feelings regarding several of these behaviors. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated overall and by gender and age. Members were generally more similar within friendship groups than across groups with regard to several risk behaviors and expectations including sexual intercourse and drug-trafficking. Particularly striking was the similarity among members of \"junior\" friendship groups (e.g., median age of youth < 11 years) of both risk and protective behaviors and expectations. The finding of enhanced similarity of risk behaviors and expectations among members within groups suggests that intervention delivery through community-based friendship groups may be a useful approach for risk prevention efforts targeting pre-adolescent African-American youth living in low-income settings.","PeriodicalId":72484,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2359324/pdf/bullnyacadmed01032-0074.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19944942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medicaid managed care: state experiences. 医疗补助管理式医疗:各州经验。

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

D Rowland

引用次数: 0

Participants-iom anniversary celebration. 参与者-周年庆典。

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

引用次数: 0

The role of state health departments in combatting urban health problems. 国家卫生部门在解决城市卫生问题方面的作用。

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine Pub Date : 1996-01-01

B A DeBuono

引用次数: 0