BioChem Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030017

O. Ogunlana, B. Adetuyi, Elohor F. Esalomi, Miracle I. Rotimi, J. Popoola, O. Ogunlana, O. Adetuyi

{"title":"Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of the Twigs of Andrograhis paniculata on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats","authors":"O. Ogunlana, B. Adetuyi, Elohor F. Esalomi, Miracle I. Rotimi, J. Popoola, O. Ogunlana, O. Adetuyi","doi":"10.3390/biochem1030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1030017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is associated with chronic hyperglycaemia, long-term damage, dysfunction, and organ failure. This study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the twigs of Andrographis paniculata and its toxicological markers on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Albino rats. Methods: A total of thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Non-diabetic animals were treated with distilled water as non-diabetic sham control group 1, while diabetic animals (group 2, 3, 4 and 5) were treated with 60 mg/kg bw STZ intravenous (iv) and 100 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of metformin orally for group 2, distilled water for group 3, and 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt of Andrograhis paniculata (A. paniculata) for groups 4 and 5, respectively. The animals were dosed for 28 days, after which they were sacrificed. Liver and kidney function tests as well as livid profile tests were used as the biomarkers of toxicological assessment. Fasting blood glucose was carried out weekly. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was conducted on the 28th day of the antidiabetic assessment. Results: A. paniculata groups 4 and 5 were significant at different doses (p < 0.05) in reducing the blood glucose level in comparison with metformin. There were significant changes in total and direct bilirubin, total protein, potassium, triglyceride and inorganic phosphorus in 500 mg/kg bwt of the treated group in comparison with the metformin and diabetic group groups. A. paniculata at 500 mg/kg bwt is most effective for its antidiabetic and organ protecting effects.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88367272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

“Multiomics” Approaches to Understand and Treat COVID-19: Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation Sequencing 理解和治疗COVID-19的“多组学”方法:质谱法和下一代测序

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-11-14 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030016

Diane Appiasie, Daniel J. Guerra, Kyle R Tanguay, Steven Jelinek, Damian D. Guerra, Rwik Sen

{"title":"“Multiomics” Approaches to Understand and Treat COVID-19: Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation Sequencing","authors":"Diane Appiasie, Daniel J. Guerra, Kyle R Tanguay, Steven Jelinek, Damian D. Guerra, Rwik Sen","doi":"10.3390/biochem1030016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1030016","url":null,"abstract":"In the race against COVID-19 for timely therapeutic developments, mass spectrometry-based high-throughput methods have been valuable. COVID-19 manifests an extremely diverse spectrum of phenotypes from asymptomatic to life-threatening, drastic elevations in immune response or cytokine storm, multiple organ failure and death. These observations warrant a detailed understanding of associated molecular mechanisms to develop therapies. In this direction, high-throughput methods that generate large datasets focusing on changes in protein interactions, lipid metabolism, transcription, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression are extremely beneficial sources of information. Hence, mass spectrometry-based methods have been employed in several studies to detect changes in interactions among host proteins, and between host and viral proteins in COVID-19 patients. The methods have also been used to characterize host and viral proteins, and analyze lipid metabolism in COVID-19 patients. Information obtained using the above methods are complemented by high-throughput analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic changes associated with COVID-19, coupled with next-generation sequencing. Hence, this review discusses the most recent studies focusing on the methods described above. The results establish the importance of mass spectrometry-based studies towards understanding the infection process, immune imbalance, disease mechanism, and indicate the potential of the methods’ therapeutic developments and biomarker screening against COVID-19 and future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76873372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

HIV-1 Gag Non-Cleavage Site PI Resistance Mutations Stabilize Protease/Gag Substrate Complexes in Silico via a Substrate-Clamp HIV-1 Gag非切割位点PI抗性突变通过底物钳在硅中稳定蛋白酶/Gag底物复合物

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-11-05 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030015

G. Laco

{"title":"HIV-1 Gag Non-Cleavage Site PI Resistance Mutations Stabilize Protease/Gag Substrate Complexes in Silico via a Substrate-Clamp","authors":"G. Laco","doi":"10.3390/biochem1030015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1030015","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-1 protease active site inhibitors are a key part of antiretroviral therapy, though resistance can evolve rendering therapy ineffective. Protease inhibitor resistance typically starts with primary mutations around the active site, which reduces inhibitor binding, protease affinity for substrate cleavage site residues P4-P4′, and viral replication. This is often followed by secondary mutations in the protease substrate-grooves which restore viral replication by increasing protease affinity for cleavage site residues P12-P5/P5′-P12′, while maintaining resistance. However, mutations in Gag alone can also result in resistance. The Gag resistance mutations can occur in cleavage sites (P12-P12′) to increase PR binding, as well as at non-cleavage sites. Here we show in silico that Gag non-cleavage site protease inhibitor resistance mutations can stabilize protease binding to Gag cleavage sites which contain structured subdomains on both sides: SP1/NC, SP2/p6, and MA/CA. The Gag non-cleavage site resistance mutations coordinated a network of H-bond interactions between the adjacent structured subdomains of the Gag substrates to form a substrate-clamp around the protease bound to cleavage site residues P12-P12′. The substrate-clamp likely slows protease disassociation from the substrate, restoring the cleavage rate in the presence of the inhibitor. Native Gag substrates can also form somewhat weaker substrate-clamps. This explains the 350-fold slower cleavage rate for the Gag CA/SP1 cleavage site in that the CA-SP1 substrate lacks structured subdomains on both sides of the cleavage site, and so cannot form a substrate-clamp around the PR.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90619069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isopanduratin A Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Induced Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway by Promoting Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of TNF Receptor 1 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells 异anduratin A通过促进人肺腺癌A549细胞中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF) α-诱导的核因子κB信号通路的细胞外信号调节激酶依赖性TNF受体1的外域脱落，抑制肿瘤坏死因子α-诱导的核因子κB信号通路

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030014

Chihiro Moriwaki, Riho Tanigaki, Yasunobu Miyake, N. Vo, M. T. T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, Truong Nhat Van Do, H. Nguyen, T. Kataoka

{"title":"Isopanduratin A Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α-Induced Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway by Promoting Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase-Dependent Ectodomain Shedding of TNF Receptor 1 in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells","authors":"Chihiro Moriwaki, Riho Tanigaki, Yasunobu Miyake, N. Vo, M. T. T. Nguyen, N. Nguyen, Truong Nhat Van Do, H. Nguyen, T. Kataoka","doi":"10.3390/biochem1030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1030014","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induces the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway via TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1). We recently reported that isopanduratin A inhibited the TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. In the present study, we found that isopanduratin A did not inhibit the interleukin-1α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway in A549 cells. Isopanduratin A down-regulated the expression of TNF-R1 in these cells. We also revealed that isopanduratin A down-regulated the cell surface expression of TNF-R1 by promoting the cleavage of TNF-R1 into its soluble forms. TAPI-2, an inhibitor of TNF-α-converting enzyme, suppressed the inhibitory activity of isopanduratin A against the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase inhibitor U0126, but not the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB203580, blocked the ectodomain shedding of TNF-R1 induced by isopanduratin A. Consistent with this result, isopanduratin A induced the rapid phosphorylation of ERK, but not p38 MAP kinase. Isopanduratin A also promoted the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). The present results indicate that isopanduratin A inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB signaling pathway by promoting ERK-dependent ectodomain shedding of cell surface TNF-R1, and also decreases cellular TNF-R1 levels through the phosphorylation of eIF2α in A549 cells.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86220516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Revisit of the Photoirradiation of α-Lipoic Acid—Role of Hydrogen Sulfide Produced in the Reaction α-硫辛酸的光照射研究——反应中硫化氢的作用

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030012

Naoki Wada, S. Matsugo

引用次数: 2

Natural Products as Protective Agents for Male Fertility 天然产品作为男性生育能力的保护剂

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1030011

Roberta V. L. Martins, Ana M. S. Silva, A. P. Duarte, S. Socorro, S. Correia, Cláudio J. Maia

{"title":"Natural Products as Protective Agents for Male Fertility","authors":"Roberta V. L. Martins, Ana M. S. Silva, A. P. Duarte, S. Socorro, S. Correia, Cláudio J. Maia","doi":"10.3390/biochem1030011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1030011","url":null,"abstract":"The male reproductive system is highly susceptible to noxious influences, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, drugs, and even diseases that can induce germ cell damage and alterations in spermatogenesis. All of these factors, which are caused by actions at the testicular level and/or at the excurrent ducts and accessory glands, significantly affect sperm parameters and male fertility. For this reason, it is of major importance to investigate possible ways to protect the male reproductive system since males are exposed to these toxic factors constantly. For centuries, natural products have been used by humans in folk medicine as therapeutic agents, and because of their beneficial properties for human health, plenty of them have been introduced to the pharmaceutical market as supplementary therapies. The present review aims to compile available information regarding different natural exogenous factors that demonstrate potential useful activity in the male reproductive system. The studies presented here reopen the perspective of using natural products as protective agents and eventually as new supplementary therapeutic options for the recovery of hampered spermatogenesis and/or male infertility.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80776841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteocytic Cell Death in a Hypoxic Environment Is Associated with Necroptosis 缺氧环境中糖皮质激素诱导的骨细胞死亡与坏死性坏死有关

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1020009

S. Ueda, T. Ichiseki, Miyako Shimasaki, Hiroaki Hirata, N. Kawahara, Y. Ueda

{"title":"Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteocytic Cell Death in a Hypoxic Environment Is Associated with Necroptosis","authors":"S. Ueda, T. Ichiseki, Miyako Shimasaki, Hiroaki Hirata, N. Kawahara, Y. Ueda","doi":"10.3390/biochem1020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1020009","url":null,"abstract":"Neither the underlying pathophysiology of nor prophylactic strategies for glucocorticoid-associated femoral head osteonecrosis have yet been established. In neurovascular and cardiac ischemic disorders, necroptosis has been reported as a new concept of cell death. Here we investigated the involvement of necroptosis in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis in vitro, the putative cause of which is ischemia. Murine osteocytic cells (MLO-Y4) to which 1 µM dexamethasone (Dex) was added and were cultured in 1% O2 (hypoxia) are thought to resemble the in vivo environment in which glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis occurs (H-D stress environment). Using such cells cultured for 24 h (Dex(+)/hypoxia(+) group), immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were performed with receptor-interacting protein (RIP) 1 and RIP3, which are necroptosis expression factors. In addition, the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) was added to Dex(+)/hypoxia(+) and cultured for 12 h and 24 h. Then using an Apoptotic/Necrotic Cells Detection Kit the numbers of apoptotic and necrotic cells were counted and compared. In Dex(+)/hypoxia(+) group, expression of both RIP1 and RIP3 was found. Additionally, in Western blotting, the addition of Nec-1 attenuated their expression. A decrease in the number of cell deaths was also found following Nec-1 administration. Necroptosis has been implicated as a cause of death in osteocytic cell necrosis. Use of the necroptosis inhibitor, Nec-1, suggests a possible approach to preventing osteocytic cell necrosis even in an H-D stress environment when given within 12 h.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90923116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Purification and Characterization of Antibodies Directed against the α-Gal Epitope α-Gal表位抗体的纯化与鉴定

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1020008

Andrea Zappe, Julia Rosenlöcher, G. Kohla, S. Hinderlich, M. Parr

{"title":"Purification and Characterization of Antibodies Directed against the α-Gal Epitope","authors":"Andrea Zappe, Julia Rosenlöcher, G. Kohla, S. Hinderlich, M. Parr","doi":"10.3390/biochem1020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem1020008","url":null,"abstract":"The α-Gal epitope is an immunogen trisaccharide structure consisting of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)β1,4-galactose (Gal)α1,3-Gal. It is presented as part of complex-type glycans on glycoproteins or glycolipids on cell surfaces of non-primate mammalians. About 1% of all antibodies in human sera are specific toward α1,3-Gal and are therefore named as anti-α-Gal antibodies. This work comprises the purification and characterization of anti-α-Gal antibodies from human immunoglobulin G (IgG). A synthetically manufactured α Gal epitope affinity resin was used to enrich anti-α-Gal antibodies. Selectivity experiments with purified antibodies were carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), Western blotting, and erythrocyte agglutination. Furthermore, binding affinities toward α-Gal were determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and the IgG distribution of anti α Gal antibodies (83% IgG2, 14% IgG1, 2% IgG3, 1% IgG4) was calculated applying ELISA and immunodiffusion. A range of isoelectric points from pH 6 to pH 8 was observed in 2D gel electrophoresis. Glycan profiling of anti α Gal antibodies revealed complex biantennary structures with high fucosylation grades (86%). Additionally, low amounts of bisecting GlcNAc (15%) and sialic acids (13%) were detected. The purification of anti-α-Gal antibodies from human IgG was successful, and their use as detection antibodies for α Gal-containing structures was evaluated.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80163317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Treasury Chest of Text Mining: Piling Available Resources for Powerful Biomedical Text Mining 文本挖掘的宝库:为强大的生物医学文本挖掘堆积可用资源

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1020007

N. Rosário-Ferreira, C. Marques-Pereira, M. Pires, D. Ramalhão, N. Pereira, Victor Guimarães, Vítor Santos Costa, I. Moreira

引用次数: 7

Shugoshin: From the Perspective of Clinical Disorders Shugoshin:从临床障碍的角度来看

BioChem Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.3390/biochem1020006

Ravinder Kumar, Meenakshi Agarwal

引用次数: 0

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