BioChem Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/biochem3010003

Raffaella Gallo

引用次数: 0

Current Technical Approaches to Study RNA–Protein Interactions in mRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs 研究mrna和长链非编码rna中rna -蛋白相互作用的当前技术方法

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.3390/biochem3010001

Johanna Mattay

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Green Gold Nanoparticles and Tannin-Based Derivatives 绿金纳米颗粒与单宁衍生物的协同抗菌活性

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2040019

E. Oliveira, S. A. Vieira, F. A. G. da Silva, M. M. da Costa, A. Gomes, H. P. Oliveira

引用次数: 2

Oil Spill in Brazil—Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Socio-Environmental Conflicts 巴西溢油事故——脆弱性和社会环境冲突分析

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2040018

M. O. S. D. Santos, Mariana Nepomuceno, J. Gonçalves, Ana Catarina Leite Véras Medeiros, Rafaella Miranda Machado, Caroline P S Santos, M. J. C. F. Alves, Aline do Monte Gurgel, I. G. D. Gurgel

{"title":"Oil Spill in Brazil—Analysis of Vulnerabilities and Socio-Environmental Conflicts","authors":"M. O. S. D. Santos, Mariana Nepomuceno, J. Gonçalves, Ana Catarina Leite Véras Medeiros, Rafaella Miranda Machado, Caroline P S Santos, M. J. C. F. Alves, Aline do Monte Gurgel, I. G. D. Gurgel","doi":"10.3390/biochem2040018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2040018","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 oil spill was considered the largest environmental disaster in the Brazilian Northeastern coast. It was associated with mostly ineffective government actions, thus intensifying historical vulnerabilities faced by local populations. We aimed to analyze the environmental conflicts and injustices and the socio-environmental, economic, and health vulnerabilities arising from the oil spill, considering the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting artisanal fishing communities of the Northeastern coast. A document-based, qualitative, cross-sectional research was carried out between September 2019 and October 2022, in open access secondary databases, and using field diaries from research of the Environmental Health and Work Laboratory (LASAT) of the Aggeu Magalhães Institute of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. The disaster caused situations of injustice and environmental conflicts that had negative repercussions in the territories with socioeconomic impacts, on the environment, and on the health of the population. The entire marine environment was affected, resulting in physical and chemical alterations. The health vulnerabilities faced by local people were intensified, influencing the social determination of the health–disease process. The local economy was extremely affected, generating job insecurity and several socio-cultural problems. It is essential to build environmental and health diagnoses for remedial measures in disasters such as the oil spill.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81960109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Epitranscriptomic Modifications in the Regulation of RNA–Protein Interactions 表转录组修饰在rna -蛋白相互作用调控中的作用

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-11-25 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2040017

Elżbieta Wanowska, Alexis McFeely, Joanna Sztuba-Solinska

{"title":"The Role of Epitranscriptomic Modifications in the Regulation of RNA–Protein Interactions","authors":"Elżbieta Wanowska, Alexis McFeely, Joanna Sztuba-Solinska","doi":"10.3390/biochem2040017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2040017","url":null,"abstract":"Epitranscriptome refers to post-transcriptional modifications to RNA and their associated regulatory factors that can govern changes in an organism’s cells in response to various environmental stimuli. Recent studies have recognized over 170 distinct chemical signatures in RNA, and the list keeps expanding. These modifications are hypothesized to have roles beyond simply fine-tuning the structure and function of RNA, as studies have linked them to various infectious and noninfectious diseases in humans. Dedicated cellular machinery comprising of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that can write, erase, and read these modifications drives the regulation of the epitranscriptomic code, and as such influences RNA metabolism and homeostasis. Equally, perturbations in the function of RBPs may disrupt RNA processing, further implicating them in pathogenesis. As such, the mechanisms underlying RNA modifications and their association with RBPs are emerging areas of interest within the field of biomedicine. This review focuses on understanding epitranscriptomic modifications, their effects on RNA–RBPs interactions, and their influence on cellular processes.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87414112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bilayers as Basic Formation of Epimolecular Structure of Mostly Lyotropic (Hydrotropic) Structuralized Liquid Systems Being Influenced Predominantly by the Temperature 双分子层是主要受温度影响的溶(水)向结构液体体系的基本分子外结构

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-11-10 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2040016

M. Milichovský

{"title":"Bilayers as Basic Formation of Epimolecular Structure of Mostly Lyotropic (Hydrotropic) Structuralized Liquid Systems Being Influenced Predominantly by the Temperature","authors":"M. Milichovský","doi":"10.3390/biochem2040016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2040016","url":null,"abstract":"The bilayer’s formations of amphiphilic molecules or polyions of different ionogenity comprise the basic building units of most organic biological and non-biological systems. A theory has evolved to explain their behaviour during the creation of those organized structures, such as anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) in lyotropic (especially hydrotropic) systems and polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) assemblies. Particular attention has been paid to the temperature and the important role of water in the formation and behaviour of the bilayers. A novel insight into the formation of hydrotropic liquid LC systems and their thermotropic behaviour is presented. In this context, the systems PEM assemblies are also discussed. Essentially, a structuralised form of water fills out continuous and discontinuous, i.e., confined, nano-spaces among hydrophilic interfaces of bilayers, controlling their supramolecular structure through a system of attractive and repulsive hydration forces. The character of those sophisticated bonding hydration systems is predestined by the composition and type of these hydrophilic interface groups. The miscellaneous complexity of the bilayer’s aqueous systems suggests the need to study these examples in greater detail. Therefore, the bilayer’s processes connected with disruption as far as destruction of bilayers are mentioned, i.e., the processes with the highest potential to combat bacteria, fungi, and viruses, such as in a situation where a person exhales a breath of micro-droplets containing virus nanoparticles (e.g., the COVID-19 virus).","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81879928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

cEpiderm, a Canine Skin Analog Suitable for In Vivo Testing Replacement cEpiderm，一种犬类皮肤类似物，适用于体内试验替代品

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2040015

Mariana Marques, João Nunes, Bárbara Ustymenko, L. Fialho, Luís Martins, A. Burke, Cesar Filho, Alexandre C. Craveiro, Ana R. Costa, S. Branco, C. Antunes

{"title":"cEpiderm, a Canine Skin Analog Suitable for In Vivo Testing Replacement","authors":"Mariana Marques, João Nunes, Bárbara Ustymenko, L. Fialho, Luís Martins, A. Burke, Cesar Filho, Alexandre C. Craveiro, Ana R. Costa, S. Branco, C. Antunes","doi":"10.3390/biochem2040015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2040015","url":null,"abstract":"Skin is one of the organs most tested for toxicity and safety evaluation during the process of drug research and development and in the past has usually been performed in vivo using animals. Over the last few years, non-animal alternatives have been developed and validated epidermis models for human and rat skin are already available. Our goal was to develop a histotypical canine skin analog, suitable for non-animal biocompatibility and biosafety assessment. Canine keratinocytes were seeded in an air-lift culture using an adapted version of the CELLnTEC protocol. Corrosion and irritation protocols were adapted from human EpiSkinTM. For histological analysis, sample biopsies were fixed in neutral-buffered formalin, and paraffin slices were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A canine multilayer and stratified epidermal-like tissue (cEpiderm), confirmed by histological analysis, was obtained. The cEpiderm tissue exhibited normal morphological and functional characteristics of epidermis, namely impermeability and an adequate response to stressors. The cEpiderm is a promising canine skin model for non-animal safety testing of veterinary pharmaceuticals and/or cosmetics, significantly contributing to reducing undesirable in vivo approaches. cEpiderm is therefore a valid canine skin model and may be made commercially available either as a service or as a product.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85174094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testicular Glycogen Metabolism: An Overlooked Source of Energy for Spermatogenesis? 睾丸糖原代谢:精子发生的一个被忽视的能量来源?

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2030014

Ricardo Silva, D. Carrageta, M. Alves, P. Oliveira

{"title":"Testicular Glycogen Metabolism: An Overlooked Source of Energy for Spermatogenesis?","authors":"Ricardo Silva, D. Carrageta, M. Alves, P. Oliveira","doi":"10.3390/biochem2030014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2030014","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of male infertility has been increasing over the years and is now becoming a serious health problem. This trend has been followed by an increase in metabolic diseases, which are known to induce clear alterations in testicular metabolism, although the underlying mechanismremain unclear. Testicular metabolism displays several unique features, with testicular somatic cells being central in providing the conditions needed for spermatogenesis, including its nutritional and hormonal support. In addition to glucose and lactate, the two main energy sources used by the testis, glycogen is also present in testicular cells. Glycogen metabolism is a potential source of glucose to both testicular somatic (namely Sertoli and Leydig cells) and germ cells. Many of the enzymes involved in the pathways of the synthesis and degradation of glycogen were identified in these cells, emphasising the relevance of this complex carbohydrate. Glycogen, however, has other non-canonical functions in testicular cells; besides its role as a source of energy, it is also associated with events such as cellular differentiation and apoptosis. In this review, we address the relevance of testicular glycogen metabolism, focusing on its role in Sertoli and Leydig cells and spermatogenesis. In addition, all the available information on the role of glycogen and related pathways in male infertility cases is discussed. Our discussion highlights that glycogen metabolism has been somewhat overlooked in testis and its contribution to spermatogenesis may be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90933574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Native Protein Template Assisted Synthesis of Non-Native Metal-Sulfur Clusters 天然蛋白质模板辅助合成非天然金属硫簇

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2030013

B. Maiti, J. Moura

{"title":"Native Protein Template Assisted Synthesis of Non-Native Metal-Sulfur Clusters","authors":"B. Maiti, J. Moura","doi":"10.3390/biochem2030013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2030013","url":null,"abstract":"Metalloenzymes are the most proficient nature catalysts that are responsible for diverse biochemical transformations introducing excellent selectivity and performing at high rates, using intricate mutual relationships between metal ions and proteins. Inspired by nature, chemists started using naturally occurring proteins as templates to harbor non-native metal catalysts for the sustainable synthesis of molecules for pharmaceutical, biotechnological and industrial purposes. Therefore, metalloenzymes are the relevant targets for the design of artificial biocatalysts. The search and development of new scaffolds capable of hosting metals with high levels of selectivity could significantly expand the scope of bio-catalysis. To meet this challenge, herein, three native scaffolds: [1Fe-4Cys] (rubredoxin), [3Fe-4S] (ferredoxin), and [S2MoS2CuS2MoS2]-ORP (orange protein) protein scaffolds are case studies describing templates for the synthesis of non-native monomeric to mixed metal–sulfur clusters, which mimic native Ni containing metalloenzymes including [Ni-Fe] Hydrogenase and [Ni-Fe] CO Dehydrogenase. The non-native metal-substituted metalloproteins are not only useful for catalysis but also as spectroscopic probes.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87316691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bifunctional Role of Fe(II)/2OG-Dependent TET Family 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenases and ALKBH2,3 in Modified Cytosine Demethylation Fe(II)/ 2g依赖性TET家族5-甲基胞嘧啶双加氧酶和alkbh2,3在修饰胞嘧啶去甲基化中的双功能作用

BioChem Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/biochem2030012

Aninda Sundar Dey

{"title":"Bifunctional Role of Fe(II)/2OG-Dependent TET Family 5-Methylcytosine Dioxygenases and ALKBH2,3 in Modified Cytosine Demethylation","authors":"Aninda Sundar Dey","doi":"10.3390/biochem2030012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem2030012","url":null,"abstract":"Three forms of methylated cytosines are present in the eukaryotic genome: 3-methylcytosine, 4-methylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine. 3-methylcytosines create methyl lesions, which impair local DNA function and flexibility, resulting in replication and transcription error. On the other hand, 5-methylcytosine is usually present at the gene promoter which blocks transcription and translation. Fe(II)/2OG-dependent nucleic acid-modifying enzymes are the class of enzymes responsible for the demethylation of these modified cytosines. ALKBH2 and 3 remove 3-methylcytosine via a one-step direct demethylation process. On the other hand, active demethylation of 5mC is initiated by Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET)-family dioxygenases. Via oxidative demethylation, TET1-3 converts 5mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. Remarkably, recent findings demonstrate that ALKBH2,3 possess oxidative demethylation properties, along with direct demethylation. On the other hand, the TET family of enzymes possess direct demethylation properties along with oxidative demethylation. Here we review the importance of methylated cytosines in human DNA, their origin, function and removal. In addition, we discuss the recent findings of extraordinary flexibility of Fe(II)/2OG-dependent nucleic acid-modifying enzymes ALKBH2,3 and TET family of enzymes in cytosine demethylation, as well as their impact on epigenetics.","PeriodicalId":72357,"journal":{"name":"BioChem","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86261313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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