Architectural intelligence最新文献

{"title":"Unreinforced concrete masonry for circular construction","authors":"Shajay Bhooshan,&nbsp;A. Dell’Endice,&nbsp;F. Ranaudo,&nbsp;T. Van Mele,&nbsp;P. Block","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00043-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00043-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes an effective approach to realise circular construction with concrete, and shows Unreinforced Masonry as a foundational building block for it.</p><p>The paper outlines the importance of circularity in building structures. It specifically focuses on the impact of circular construction with concrete on improving the sustainability of the built environment in a rapidly urbanising world economy. Subsequently, the relevance of principles of structural design and construction of unreinforced masonry to achieve circularity is articulated. Furthermore, the paper presents and summarises recent developments in the field of Unreinforced Concrete Masonry (URCM) including digital design tools to synthesise structurally efficient shapes, and low-waste digital fabrication techniques using lower-embodied-emission materials to realise the designed shapes. The paper exemplifies these using two physically realised, full-scale URCM footbridge prototypes and a commercially available, mass-customisable building floor element, called the Rippmann Floor System (RFS).</p><p>The paper also outlines the benefits of mainstream, industrial-scale adoption of the design and construction technologies for URCM, including accelerating the pathway to decarbonise the concrete industry. In summary, the paper argues that URCM provides a solution to significantly mitigate the carbon emissions associated with concrete and reduce the use of virgin resources whilst retaining its benefits such as widespread and cheap availability, endurance, fire safety, low maintenance requirements and recyclability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00043-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139853531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drawing a blank – design modelling composite timber elements","authors":"Tom Svilans,&nbsp;Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen","doi":"10.1007/s44223-024-00048-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-024-00048-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shift towards bio-economies of architectural fabrication necessitates particular consideration of how characterizing aspects of bio-materials such as heterogeneity and anisotropy impact the designed performance of architectural elements. These aspects must be integrated into the modelling and representation of architecture and must be instrumentalised for digital design and fabrication processes. The use of timber in construction is challenging due to its complex material behaviours, and therefore robust methods for predicting and modelling these are crucial for exploiting the timber resource more effectively. In light of this, we focus on developing a holistic and integrated digital modelling approach for glue-laminated timber construction elements that connects the digital design model to the specific material resource and incorporates its material complexity into design simulation workflows. We question the role of the lamella in the glulam blank and trace its agency through a series of four disparate projects, from an initially silent and generic constituent of the blank to a key, operative actor in the design of performance-graded timber products through the added specificity of material composition and a liberation of its form. The first project develops a modelling approach that connects material specification and lamella sizing to free-form timber element geometries. It uses principles of industrial glulam production and knowledge of the anisotropic nature of timber to speculate on new forms of glulam blanks that could arise from a deeper engagement with the glue-lamination process. The second project looks further back in the timber value chain at the processing of the specific forest resource into tailored building elements, attaching a material specificity to the lamella. The third project expands the modelling and prototyping of non-standard glulam blanks into considerations of timber waste streams and aesthetics. The final project aims to further speciate the lamella by tailoring its form as well as its material composition to respond to simulated performance demands. Through these projects we outline the development of a novel digital framework that begins as a modelling approach for free-form glulam beams and grows to accommodate the mapping and allocation of specific, heterogeneous input material. As the digital framework matures, increasingly detailed and interlinked digital simulations of mechanical performance are integrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-024-00048-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drawing a blank – design modelling composite timber elements","authors":"Tom Svilans, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen","doi":"10.1007/s44223-024-00048-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44223-024-00048-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"25 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on natural ventilation and pollutant dispersion around sunken squares by transient simulation","authors":"Mengjuan Hu,&nbsp;Jiading Zhong,&nbsp;Yujie Chu,&nbsp;Jianlin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s44223-024-00049-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-024-00049-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sunken square is a semi-open public space that has been gaining popularity in urban planning and designs. Its semi-open design is beneficial to ventilation of the connected underground spaces, but it is also subject to potential exposure to ground-level traffic pollutants. To evaluate the semi-open design’s influence on the balance between underground ventilation efficiency and the pollutant exposure, this study uses large eddy simulation (LES) to simulate turbulent wind flow characteristics and pollutant dispersion in a typical sunken square. The sunken square is connected to two indoor spaces with single-sided opening, and the design features of staircase and arcade are further tested for their influences on the wind flow field. The air change rate per hour (<i>ACH</i>, h⁻¹) is adopted to quantify the ventilation efficiency of the two connected indoor spaces. Results show that the staircases amplify wind velocities for the indoor spaces but also bring higher pollutant concentrations inside together. Moreover, the design of the arcade at the opening prompts the vortex to shift towards the entrance, leading to a heightened concentration of pollutants. Meanwhile, the effective <i>ACH</i> is mostly contributed by the turbulent diffusion (<i>ACHt</i>), while the mean flow (<i>ACHm</i>) has much less effect on the ventilation of the indoor spaces. These findings of this study provide references for sunken square design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-024-00049-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI in architecture and engineering from misconceptions to game-changing prospects","authors":"Michal Sourek","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00046-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00046-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Artificial intelligence invades our lives and professions at an ever-increasing pace and intensity. Architecture, engineering, construction, and operation of the real estate have been joining the trend only timidly and belatedly. The paper overviews the basic concepts, methods, general background, and results of artificial intelligence in architecture to date, discusses the achievements and prospects, and concludes the perspectives on the deployment of machine learning in the field. The record of some of the most recent “famous achievements” in the field is set straight and challenged, the flawed idea of a (truly) creative potential of the technology is debunked. Its roots equidistributed both in a farsighted vision of the next workflow of both productive and creative architectural and engineering designing, and construction and real estate management on the one hand and state-of-the-art machine learning on the other, an ambitious though realistic blueprint for R&amp;D of AI-fostered architectural creativity, building design, planning, and operation is tabled for discussion. The attention turns to open-source patterns platforms, generative patterns processing, generative pre-design, parametric evaluation and optimization, latest achievements in machine learning building on reinforcement learning, imitation-based learning, learning a behavior policy from demonstration, and self-learning paradigms zooming in on the design-development processes instead of only on their results. Leveraging the objectivity of assessments and streamlining workflows, artificial intelligence promises to unleash true architectural creativity and leverage the productivity and efficiency of the design, planning, and operation processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00046-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-computer interface based generative design framework: an empirical multi-domain application exploration based on human-factors and form-generation interactive mechanisms","authors":"Zhe Guo,&nbsp;Zihuan Zhang,&nbsp;Zao Li,&nbsp;Yi Hu,&nbsp;Yuandi Qian,&nbsp;Nengming Cheng,&nbsp;Philip F. Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s44223-024-00047-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-024-00047-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human experience in an architectural space is defined as the state of mind that is reflected on their physiological, emotional, and cognitive statuses. Ergonomic data, as an objective manifestation of quantifiable signals generated by the human body during specific spatial perception processes, serves as a vital foundation for spatial evaluation and guidance for optimization. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, as quantifiable sensory indicators directly arising from the interaction between individuals and external stimuli, hold substantial potential as a data-driven force and as a means of optimization assessment in the study of generative design. Although existing research has effectively established a unidirectional relationship between EEG and spatial-environment assessment, there is still a notable deficiency in addressing the creation of a two-way, mutually informative feedback mechanism. This study investigates the applicability of EEG signals as a data-driven basis for generative design across universal methods. It delves into various scales and scenarios of digital design, from the microscopic to the macroscopic, encompassing planar and volumetric visual elements, the design of architectural spatial environmental characteristics, and urban space design grounded in human perceptual sightlines. The research examines the viability and appropriateness of an interactive generative design method based on form generation, predicated on human-factor physiological data exemplified by EEG signals. This paper initially conducts a methodological and tool-based examination of current research in ergonomics-driven design and the use of EEG for design assessment, thereby discussing the objective feasibility of employing EEG in interactive generative design. Subsequently, the study establishes an integrated data flow system encompassing multiple hardware and software components to form a comprehensive workflow. Following this setup, empirical studies based on this method are conducted at different scales of application, yielding corresponding form-generative outcomes. Finally, this paper substantiates the rationality and feasibility of this framework in multi environment design domains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-024-00047-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142409247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the use of traditional glazing and a novel concentrated photovoltaic glazing (CoPVG) for building solar gain analysis using IESVE","authors":"Roma Chang,&nbsp;Jayanta Deb Mondol,&nbsp;Mervyn Smyth,&nbsp;Aggelos Zacharopoulos,&nbsp;Adrian Pugsley","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00044-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00044-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to compare the difference in solar gain for an internal space when a novel Concentrated Photovoltaic Glazing (CoPVG) unit is compared against traditional glazing modules. The CoPVG is an innovative glazing system developed by Ulster University, that takes advantage of Total Internal Reflection (TIR) to direct solar radiation into the internal space during periods of low solar altitude (around winter) harnessing the thermal contribution of solar gain and daylight. During periods of higher solar altitude (around summer), the solar radiation is mostly directed onto embedded photovoltaic cells. Previous work assessed the concept’s optical functionality, through experimental measurement and computational ray-tracing. Dynamic simulation in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) using a series of codes to represent the optical function of the CoPVG’s and Integrated Environmental Solutions Virtual Environment (IESVE) was validated by the experimental data. This work investigates methodologies in determining the transmissivty of the system in a dynamic simulation approach using ray tracing and Radiance in IESVE for visualisation, thereby building on the versability of this software to allow building designers and consultants to investigate energy and economic benefits of this system and systems like it in real building applications. The impact of integrating CoPVG as a replacement to traditonal glazing on a sun-facing building facade is assessed and the solar gain in the adjaciant space is compared throughout the year. During the summer months the integrated system reduces solar gain in the space by 34% but only 11% in the winter months, representing a reduction in the overall annual building energy needs. The study presents the potential economic and environmental savings provided by reduced cooling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00044-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind tunnel and numerical study of outdoor particle dispersion around a low-rise building model","authors":"Runmin Zhao,&nbsp;Junjie Liu,&nbsp;Nan Jiang,&nbsp;Sumei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00045-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00045-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dispersion of particulate pollutants around buildings raises concerns due to adverse health impacts. Accurate prediction of particle dispersion is important for evaluating health risks in urban areas. However, rigorous validation data using particulate tracers is lacking for numerical models of urban dispersion. Many prior studies rely on gas dispersion data, questioning conclusions due to differences in transport physics. To address this gap, this study utilized a combined experimental and computational approach to generate comprehensive validation data on particulate dispersion. A wind tunnel experiment using particulate tracers measured airflow, turbulence, and particle concentrations around a single building, providing reliable but sparse data. Validated large eddy simulation expanded the data. This combined approach generated much-needed validation data to evaluate numerical particle dispersion models around buildings. Steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (SRANS) simulations paired with Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT), and drift-flux (DF) models were validated. SRANS had lower accuracy compared to LES for airflow and turbulence. However, in this case, SRANS inaccuracies did not prevent accurate concentration prediction when LPT or a Stokes drift-flux model were used. The algebraic drift-flux model strongly overpredicted the concentration for large micron particles, indicating proper drift modeling was essential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00045-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization of shell structures in architectural design","authors":"Jiaming Ma,&nbsp;Hongjia Lu,&nbsp;Ting-Uei Lee,&nbsp;Yuanpeng Liu,&nbsp;Ding Wen Bao,&nbsp;Yi Min Xie","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00042-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00042-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Free-form architectural design has gained significant interest in modern architectural practice. Due to their visually appealing nature and inherent structural efficiency, free-form shells have become increasingly popular in architectural applications. Recently, topology optimization has been extended to shell structures, aiming to generate shell designs with ultimate structural efficiency. However, despite the huge potential of topology optimization to facilitate new design for shells, its architectural applications remain limited due to complexity and lack of clear procedures. This paper presents four design strategies for optimizing free-form shells targeting architectural applications. First, we propose a topology-optimized ribbed shell system to generate free-form rib layouts possessing improved structure performance. A reusable and recyclable formwork system is developed for their effective and sustainable fabrication. Second, we demonstrate that topology optimization can be combined with funicular form-finding techniques to generate a rich variety of elegant designs, offering new design possibilities. Third, we offer cost-effective design solutions using modular components for free-form shells by combining surface planarization and periodic constraint. Finally, we integrate topology optimization with user-defined patterns on free-form shells to facilitate aesthetic expression, exemplified by the Voronoi pattern. The presented strategies can facilitate the usage of topology optimization in shell designs to achieve high-performance and innovative solutions for architectural applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00042-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric design and modular construction of a large additive-manufactured hypar shell structure","authors":"Chaohao Su,&nbsp;Meiqin Yuan,&nbsp;Yi Fan,&nbsp;Lu Zhu,&nbsp;Nan Hu","doi":"10.1007/s44223-023-00041-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44223-023-00041-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite recent advances in additive manufacturing technologies, challenges remain to build 3D-printed structures at the architectural scale due to the high cost of large printing equipment. To address this challenge, modular construction has demonstrated its merit by making smaller prefabricated components and using on-site assembly. This paper presents a case study of a 3D-printed hypar shell structural art using modular construction. Guided by parametric design and structural analysis, we optimized the hypar shell to form a butterfly-like shape with a hollow-out pattern. The prefabrication of modular units was completed using commercial 3D printers to catch a limited production time. The prefabricated modular unit of the hypar shell was assembled on site for the Guangzhou International Light Festival, in which the lighting effect was added through the adjustable transparency of hollow spaces within the sandwiched panels. The 3D-printed hypar shell was also disassembled and rebuilt in the UK, showcasing the adaptability and flexibility of the modular design. The resulting 3D-printed structural art not only provides unique aesthetics for the built environment but also demonstrates the possibility of building large shell structures with a low budget by reducing complex falsework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72270,"journal":{"name":"Architectural intelligence","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44223-023-00041-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}