{"title":"Black Older Adults in the Age of Biomarkers, Physical Functioning, and Genomics: Heterogeneity, Community Engagement, and Bioethics.","authors":"Lauren L Brown, Yuan S Zhang, Uchechi Mitchell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are persistent disparities in all-cause mortality between Blacks and Whites in the United States. Black Americans also carry the greatest burden of morbidity from different diseases of aging including heart disease, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Health disparities research, and particularly race/ethnic comparison studies of physical health and aging, have consistently positioned Black health in frameworks of disadvantage, suggesting that regardless of the outcome, Black people are in worse states of health and well-being relative to Whites. Yet, extensive evidence suggests that there is significant within-group variability in the aging process among Black older adults. The use of biological, physical performance, and genomic data in survey settings offer new tools and insights to interrogate heterogeneity in Black health. This chapter examines indicators of biological, physical performance, and genetic markers of aging among a national sample of Black Americans ages 54+ years with the aim of addressing two questions about heterogeneity among Black older adults: (a) How do these measures vary by age and gender among Black older adults? (b) Which indicators predict health and mortality among Black older adults? The results indicate that biological, physical performance, and genomic measures of health, generally, have more variation than simple yes or no measures of a disease, condition, or diagnosis among Black older adults, providing counternarratives to the disadvantage frameworks that dominate characterizations of Black health and aging. However, bioethical challenges limit the utility of biomarkers, physical performance, and genomics measures for Black populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"41 1","pages":"183-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065475/pdf/nihms-1836028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9329972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marital and Romantic Satisfaction among Older African Americans.","authors":"Antonius D Skipper, Robert Joseph Taylor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There remains a lack of knowledge on marital satisfaction of African Americans in general and this is particularly the case for older African Americans. In addition, only a handful of studies investigate satisfaction among couples who are unmarried. Using data from the National Survey of American Life, this study examined the correlates of romantic and marital satisfaction among older African Americans. Findings reveal that married older African Americans were slightly more satisfied with their relationship than individuals who were either remarried or unmarried but in a romantic relationship. Among older African American married adults, older age was associated with higher marital satisfaction, and men had higher levels of marital satisfaction than women. Also, married older African Americans with lower family incomes reported higher marital satisfaction. Region was the only variable significantly associated with romantic satisfaction indicating higher satisfaction for Southerners as compared to those living in the Northeast. Given the limited research on older African Americans couples, either married or unmarried, this study offers valuable implications for individuals and professionals engaging these couples in practice settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"41 1","pages":"249-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9004850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142094259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uchechi A Mitchell, Ann W Nguyen, Aminah McBryde-Redzovic, Lauren L Brown
{"title":"\"What Doesn't Kill You, Makes You Stronger\": Psychosocial Resources and the Mental Health of Black Older Adults.","authors":"Uchechi A Mitchell, Ann W Nguyen, Aminah McBryde-Redzovic, Lauren L Brown","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A robust body of research has shown that Black Americans are less likely than Whites to have psychiatric disorders despite the social and economic disadvantage and systemic racism that they face. This mental health paradox has been demonstrated across all ages of the life course, including older adulthood. One of the prevailing explanations for the lower prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Blacks pertains to the influence of psychosocial resources on mental health. Psychosocial resources can directly or indirectly support mental health through physiological and psychological pathways. They can also mitigate the adverse effects of social stressors of discrimination and other stressors on psychological distress and mental illness. Black older adults may particularly benefit from psychosocial resources because they have had a lifetime of experiencing and overcoming adversity. Although this cycle of stress adaptation can wear away at the physical body, it may facilitate mental health resilience. In this chapter, we review research on the relationship between psychosocial resources and mental health. The chapter begins with a brief review of the Black-White mental health paradox and the mechanisms through which psychosocial resources operate to influence mental health. We then review research on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community-level psychosocial resources that are particularly salient for Black Americans. Throughout the chapter we highlight research specifically focused on Black older adults and discuss the cultural relevance of each resource to their mental health and psychological functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"269-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9614571/pdf/nihms-1836031.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40656306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructing Work and Retirement","authors":"C. Phillipson","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44597132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neoliberalism and the Future of Retirement Security","authors":"L. Polivka","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing Risks, Costs, and Retirement Income Inequality","authors":"C. Weller, K. Newman","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"103 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48704218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Rights of the Elderly as Part of the New Human Rights Agenda","authors":"R. Angel, V. M. de Oca","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"127 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47702216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Families in Later Life","authors":"D. Carr","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"43 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44500378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"With the Wind at Their Backs","authors":"D. Dannefer, M. Gilbert, Chengming Han","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.40.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.40.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"40 1","pages":"105 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45721394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pain and Men","authors":"T. Baker, Jacquelyn A. Minahan, D. Atakere","doi":"10.1891/0198-8794.39.1.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.39.1.95","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72241,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of gerontology & geriatrics","volume":"39 1","pages":"106 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45738914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}