Acta Scientiarum-agronomy最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study between phenotypic and genomic analyses aimed at choosing parents for hybridization purposes","authors":"Francyse Edite de Oliveira Chagas, Michele Jorge da Silva, Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, Renato Domiciano Silva Rosado, Cosme Damião Cruz","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61550","url":null,"abstract":"The development of superior cultivars involves parents with superiority for the traits of interest and wide genetic variability. Efficient plant breeding and selection strategies that allow for the identification of superior genotypes are essential in breeding programs. This work aims to carry out a comparative study between several strategies for choosing parents, for hybridization purposes, based on phenotypic analysis and molecular information. To obtain the phenotypic and genotypic information of the parents, data simulation was used. For genotyping, 2000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used, and from all possible gametes to be formed (22000), 5000 were randomly sampled to form each of the 100 individuals of the population of recombinant inbred strains. To obtain the phenotypic information, five characteristics with different levels of complexity were simulated. The comparative study was carried out using data referring to simulated genotypic values of hybrids and parents. Then, aiming to choose the parents destined for hybridization, different traditional selection strategies based on phenotypic analysis and the genome-wide selection methodology were approached. The genomic information resulted in the choice of the best lines and in obtaining superior hybrids when compared with traditional methodologies. The inclusion of the genomic genetic values of the parents in determining the crosses to be carried out increases the probability of generating phenotypically superior hybrids. Thus, the traditional methods of choosing parents for hybridization purposes are effective, but when incorporating the information from genome-wide selection, the choice of parents provides superior and promising results.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon, nitrogen, and physical fractions of organic matter in recovered pastures of the Maranhense Amazon","authors":"Carlos Augusto Rocha de Moraes Rego, Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira, Jean Sérgio Rosset, Luciano Cavalcante Muniz, Eloisa Mattei, Victor Roberto Ribeiro Reis, Bruna Penha Costa, Wallace Ribeiro Nunes Neto","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60794","url":null,"abstract":"In Maranhão State, Brazil, soils are naturally acidic, nutrient-deficient, and prone to cohesion and erosion. Removing the natural cover to establish pastures causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contents and stocks of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) in pastures with different years of recovery, and compare them with a secondary forest in the Legal Amazon. Four treatments were evaluated: secondary forest, perennial pasture, and perennial pastures recovered for five years and eight years, both of the latter through corn + brachiaria intercropping. The contents and stocks of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C, and N from the soil organic matter particle-size fractions, as well as the carbon management indexes (CMI) of the 0.00–0.10, 0.10–0.20, 0.20–0.30, and 0.30–0.40 m layers were evaluated. The perennial pasture environment presented the highest total soil C and N contents; however, when observing the granulometric fractions and CMI, these increases were qualitative in relation to the secondary forest. Pasture recovery over eight years contributed to an improvement of soil quality similar to secondary forest, indicating that an increase in SOM quality, quantity, and recovery time related to increased pasture capacity to accumulate C and N in the soil.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of canola cultivation conditions in a waterlogging-susceptible subtropical environment","authors":"Paulo Eugenio Schaefer, Astor Henrique Nied, Arno Bernardo Heldwein, Genei Antonio Dalmago, Antonio Carlos Pappis, Jorge Alberto de Gouvêa","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61434","url":null,"abstract":"Waterlogging directly interferes with the production capacity of agricultural crops in response to the morphophysiological changes caused to plants. Since the cultivation of poorly drained soils is traditionally avoided, this study aimed to evaluate the possibility of expanding canola cultivation into waterlogged soils using soil surface drainage and different row spacings in lowland areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of the presence and absence of surface drains at 0.25 m depth and row spacings of 0.17, 0.34, 0.51, and 0.68 m arranged in two-factorial randomized blocks with four replications, in 2018 and 2019. In this study, growth traits, yield components, and the final grain yield of canola were evaluated. The increase in lateral branching in canola plants was found to be directly related to waterlogging and negatively affected yield. The use of drains positively impacted the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, the 1,000 seeds weight, and grain yield. The more intense waterlogging conditions in 2018 resulted in the highest grain yield and superior production traits were obtained with row spacings between 0.41 and 0.48 m. In the absence of waterlogging, the 0.17 m row spacing was more productive. Canola cultivation can occur in waterlogged soils in the presence of surface drainage and at row spacings ranging from 0.40 to 0.50 m.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-germination treatments with plant growth regulators and bioactivators attenuate salt stress in melon: effects on germination and seedling development","authors":"José Eduardo Santos Barboza da Silva, Salvador Barros Torres, Caio César Pereira Leal, Moadir de Sousa Leite, Keylan Silva Guirra, Francisco Assis Nogueira Neto, Bárbara França Dantas","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.60516","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of surface water has led to the use of underground sources as an alternative for crop irrigation by farmers in semi-arid regions. However, these water sources generally have high salinity, which prevents agricultural production. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pre-germination treatments with plant growth regulators and bioactivators on melon seeds to attenuate salt stress caused by irrigation water during germination and seedling development. Two trials were carried out separately with the hybrids, Goldex and Grand Prix. The design was completely randomized in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme (four seed treatments and three dilutions of irrigation water). Seeds were treated with salicylic acid and gibberellic acid and the insecticide, thiamethoxam, in addition to the control. Local supply water, artesian well groundwater, and dilution of these waters at a 1:1 ratio were employed for irrigation. Fourteen days after sowing, morphological and physiological analyses were performed, and the material was collected for biochemical determination. The use of saline well water affected the initial development of melon seedlings of the Goldex and Grand Prix hybrids. Pre-germination treatment of Goldex hybrid seeds with gibberellic acid was inefficient at mitigating salt stress. However, the effects of irrigation water salinity on Grand Prix melon seeds pretreated with salicylic acid and thiamethoxam were attenuated.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"72 Suppl 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for reducing the impact of clubroot on broccoli cultivation in tropical mountain regions","authors":"Carlos Antônio dos Santos, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho, Rafael Gomes da Mota Gonçalves, Jessica de Oliveira Lima, Laura Carine Candido Diniz Cruz, Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo","doi":"10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v45i1.61448","url":null,"abstract":"Brassica spp. production can be negatively affected by clubroot, which is caused by the protozoan Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Most of the information on clubroot control is derived from studies in temperate regions. Here, management strategies were evaluated to reduce broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) crop losses owing to clubroot in tropical mountain regions. The first experiment revealed the effect of green manure from coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and spontaneous vegetation (control) associated with broccoli seedlings of 4 different sizes. In the second experiment, the effect of soil amendments (limestone and steel slag) in conjunction with poultry litter (fresh or composted for 45 days) and without poultry litter (control), was assessed. Both field experiments sought to evaluate the disease intensity, plant development (root growth, biomass, and nutrient accumulation), and yield. Sunn hemp and coriander biomass resulted in higher healthy root volumes and dry weights of broccoli. However, such benefits were not derived from corn treatment. Compared to smaller seedlings (10 mL cell and 20 days of age, and 16 mL cell and 24 days of age), the use of larger seedlings (35 mL cell and 28 days of age, and 50 mL cell and 32 days of age) resulted in lower intensity of clubroot and increased the average yield by 143% in summer crops. Steel slag, like limestone, corrected soil acidity and resulted in plant growth; however, clubroot intensity was not significantly affected. Fresh and composted poultry litter increased the percentage of diseased roots compared with the control; however, broccoli yield was not affected by the treatments. Using green manure (sunn hemp or coriander) and well-developed seedlings is recommended as a strategy to reduce losses induced by clubroot during broccoli cultivation.","PeriodicalId":7197,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum-agronomy","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135716757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}