Advanced Intelligent Systems最新文献

{"title":"One Year with Advanced Intelligent Systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202000077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000077","url":null,"abstract":"Determining what technologies will shape the world over the next ten years is not an easy task. To be successful, innovative technologies must be beneficial on a large scale, help solve outstanding problems, be financially attractive, but also pose minimal ethical issues. In the current landscape, it seems certain that Intelligent Systems will play a central role. “Artificial intelligence”, “autonomous vehicles”, “quantum computing”, and “neuromorphic engineering” have abandoned the niche of the research laboratory, only to increasingly become the subject of wider public discussions. Both public and private research funding on these topics has seen a considerable surge over the last decade. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have already affected our daily lives, as they enable our smartphones to find that song we were really missing out on or empower commercial websites with the ability to offer us goods we did not know we needed. Industry giants have not been indifferent, actually playing the main role in this technological revolution. Ford and Tesla have focused their efforts towards the development of autonomous vehicles, Intel has recently reported the first brain-inspired computing chip, while only a few months ago, Google controversially announced they have achieved the holy grail of “quantum supremacy”. In the meantime, many other companies worldwide are channeling their efforts towards robotics and automation with the aim to improve the efficiency of their production lines. The impact on our daily lives is and will be massive, going far beyond commercial applications. Assistive social robots show great potential in elderly care or post-traumatic rehabilitation. Facial recognition technology can be used to fight criminal activity. At this particular time, we all hope that the recent progress in bioinformatics will be able to accelerate the development of a vaccine against COVID-19. However, technological breakthroughs come with a price. More specifically, several ethical issues have been identified, generating serious controversy. In a resurgence of the fears that accompanied the previous industrial revolutions, concerns have been raised regarding the automation of jobs, which might cause substantial loss of jobs as human workers are progressively replaced by robots and AI assistants. Autonomous driving presents ethical issues that are being investigated by several research groups worldwide and there are increasing concerns about the misuse of AI-powered mass-surveillance. These technical and ethical issues have arisen in just a short time and addressing them adequately will require massive research efforts. Many research institutes around the globe are now focusing on Intelligent Systems and related topics. National and international funds have been established. Countries like China and the United States have presented R&D strategic plans, planning to invest billions of euro/dollars in those research areas. As a result, the sci","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79098813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photosynthesis Drives the Motion of Bio‐nanomotors","authors":"M. Mathesh, D. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000028","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous nanomotors have become the new paradigm for current research as they are expected to shift the momentum in the development of next‐generation technologies. However, there is a grand challenge in gaining control over the nanomotors’ motion, speed, directionality, and using biocompatible fuels to power them. Currently, light is recognized for powering micromotors with advancement in using visible light for driving motion at the nanoscale regime. In this context, micron‐scaled motors are fabricated but they contain metal surfaces and fabrication is quite laborious. Herein, encapsulation of plant organelles into supramolecular assemblies for active motion is conducted to fabricate bio‐nanomotors, utilizing the natural photosynthesis process for powering motion at the nanoscale. The oxygen produced by the water‐splitting reaction by plant organelles in visible light and the photophoresis effect due to the transparent nature of the supramolecular assembly are the main driving forces for bio‐nanomotors. The bio‐nanomotors are observed to have propelled motion with speed reaching up to 120.42 ± 12 μm s−1, together with on‐demand reversible on/off motion and real‐time control over change in directionality at the nanoscale. The observed results shift the momentum toward harnessing energy from natural processes to power nanosystems for varied applications.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"57 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87717623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular Soft Robotics: Modular Units, Connection Mechanisms, and Applications","authors":"Chao Zhang, Pingan Zhu, Yangqiao Lin, Zhongdong Jiao, J. Zou","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900166","url":null,"abstract":"A state‐of‐the‐art review of the modular soft robots (MSRs) is presented, with an outlook on the challenges and future directions of intelligent MSRs. In contrast to conventional robots composed of rigid materials, soft robots made from soft materials offer remarkable advantages in achieving various adaptive locomotion, manipulating delicate objects, providing safe human–robot interaction and adapting to confined environments due to their excellent compliance and adaptability, which have the potential to be widely used in numerous applications such as medical, exploration and rescue devices, etc. Unlike fixed‐morphology soft robots, modularization of soft robots is a low‐cost and rapid strategy that enables them to adapt to changing tasks and environments by rearranging the connectivity of module units and attain complex functionalities such as self‐assembly, self‐repair, or self‐replication. Although MSRs exhibit many advantages, they are still in the nascent stage with plenty of challenges. Herein, first the materials, fabrication, actuation, sensor, and control of various modular units in MSRs are introduced. Then, some main connection methods between modular units are summarized. Finally, the applications, challenges, and developing directions of intelligent MSRs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85802232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in Synaptic Devices Based on 2D Materials","authors":"Linfeng Sun, Wei Wang, Heejun Yang","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900167","url":null,"abstract":"Diverse synaptic plasticity with a wide range of timescales in biological synapses plays an important role in memory, learning, and various signal processing with exceptionally low power consumption. Emulating biological synaptic functions by electric devices for neuromorphic computation has been considered as a way to overcome the traditional von Neumann architecture in which separated memory and information processing units require high power consumption for their functions. Synaptic devices are expected to conduct complex signal processing such as image classification, decision‐making, and pattern recognition in artificial neural networks. Among various materials and device architectures for synaptic devices, 2D materials and their van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have been attracting tremendous attention from researchers based on their capacity to mimic unique synaptic plasticity for neuromorphic computing. Herein, the basic operations of biological synapses and physical properties of 2D materials are discussed, and then 2D materials and their vdW heterostructures for advanced synaptic operations with novel working mechanisms are reviewed. In particular, there is a focus on how to design synaptic devices with the vdW structures in terms of critical 2D materials and their limitations, providing insight into the emerging synaptic device systems and artificial neural networks with 2D materials.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Micro/Nanomotor‐Based Platforms for Biomedical Therapy","authors":"Zhen Wang, Yingfeng Tu, Yongming Chen, F. Peng","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900081","url":null,"abstract":"Highly efficient and versatile natural motors play a pivotal role in biological processes. Inspired by these biological motors, researchers developed their synthetic counterparts that can convert various energies into locomotion. With the potential to revolutionize the biomedical treatment process, these micro/nanomotors have been attracting a booming research enthusiasm since the birth of the first micro/nanomotor 15 years ago (since 2004). First, typical motion mechanisms are elucidated and a detailed comparison is provided regarding their efficiency in a biological context. Next, cutting‐edge proof‐of‐concept biomedical applications of the motors are overviewed, including on‐demand drug dispensing, cell transporting, and precise microsurgery. Current achievements and remaining bottlenecks are discussed, to spur more collaboration among chemistry, nanoengineering, and the biomedical fields. With increasing attention and continuing innovation of the field, clinical translation of micro/nanomotors is possible in the next 15 years.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86231364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Assembly of Graphene Nanomaterials for Advanced Electronics","authors":"H. Ferrand, Sakineh Chabi, S. Agarwala","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900151","url":null,"abstract":"Since the discovery of electricity and the creation of the first transistors two centuries ago, the field of electronics has evolved rapidly to become omnipresent. Today, electronic devices are challenged by new demands in function and performance: they are expected to be lightweight, highly efficient, flexible, smart, implantable, and so on. To meet these demands, the materials and components in devices need to be carefully selected and assembled together. In this regard, the controlled assembly of 3D graphene structures holds tremendous potential to achieve such levels of multifunctionality and outstanding properties. Advanced processing approaches, such as 3D printing, allow the fabrication of a variety of 3D graphene–based materials that present outstanding properties and a high degree of multifunctionality. Herein, the recent progress in the fabrication of graphene‐based devices for advanced electronics using controlled assembly is reported. The benefits of controlling the microstructure of graphene nanomaterials for enhanced properties and functionalities are highlighted, and the various fabrication methods and their implications on the organization of materials are reviewed, as well as selected electrical devices. The approaches described here are opening up new avenues for the fabrication of health or structural monitoring devices, autonomous machines, and interconnected objects.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"63 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving Smart Molecular Systems by Artificial Molecular Machines","authors":"Zhao-Tao Shi, Qi Zhang, H. Tian, Da‐Hui Qu","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900169","url":null,"abstract":"Biomolecular machines are widely present in nature, especially in complex living organisms, and are involved in important biological processes. Inspired by nature and increasingly mature synthetic technologies, a series of artificial molecular machines (AMMs) that exhibit similar processes and functions as biomolecular counterparts have been developed, and to date, some dramatic achievements have been obtained. Herein, the use of AMMs in smart systems and materials with controllable regulations and interesting functions are summarized, presenting the specific micro‐ to macroscale applications in solid surface modification, transmembrane transport, smart catalysts, liquid crystals, artificial molecular muscles, and stimuli‐responsive polymers. The challenges of developing novel complex AMMs with intelligent functions are discussed, and some potential solutions are proposed.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86895409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Bit to Bedside: A Practical Framework for Artificial Intelligence Product Development in Healthcare","authors":"David C. Higgins, V. Madai","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000052","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare holds great potential to expand access to high‐quality medical care, while reducing systemic costs. Despite hitting headlines regularly and many publications of proofs‐of‐concept, certified products are failing to break through to the clinic. AI in healthcare is a multiparty process with deep knowledge required in multiple individual domains. A lack of understanding of the specific challenges in the domain is the major contributor to the failure to deliver on the big promises. Herein, a “decision perspective” framework for the development of AI‐driven biomedical products from conception to market launch is presented. The framework highlights the risks, objectives, and key results which are typically required to navigate a three‐phase process to market‐launch of a validated medical AI product. Clinical validation, regulatory affairs, data strategy, and algorithmic development are addressed. The development process proposed for AI in healthcare software strongly diverges from modern consumer software development processes. Key time points to guide founders, investors, and key stakeholders throughout the process are highlighted. This framework should be seen as a template for innovation frameworks, which can be used to coordinate team communications and responsibilities toward a viable product development roadmap, thus unlocking the potential of AI in medicine.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"14 24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89572512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel Actuator with a Built‐In Stimulator Using Liquid Metal for Local Control","authors":"Ken Matsubara, Daiki Tachibana, R. Matsuda, H. Onoe, O. Fuchiwaki, H. Ota","doi":"10.1002/aisy.202000008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.202000008","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogel actuators, comprising gels that convert external stimuli into mechanical motion for actuation, are attracting attention for their promising applications, such as in robotics. The driving force is the absorption or release of water or another solvent, which results in swelling and shrinking motions, leading in turn to more complex functionalities. However, practical hydrogel actuators that can be controlled locally, such as ones that allow local actuation around the joints in rigid‐bodied robots, do not exist. Herein, the driving target of a thermo‐responsive hydrogel, poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), is integrated with the stimulation module using a liquid metal. The stimulation module provides heat as an external stimulus to the hydrogel actuator. The motion of the actuator is triggered by the heat supplied by an ultrasoft hydrogel coil, with liquid metal surrounding the driving target. The heat generated by current flowing through the liquid metal changes the temperature only around the desired part of the actuator, which enables the electrical control of an individual part of the hydrogel actuator. The concept of integrating the driving target and stimulator is expected to facilitate functional movement of actuators and expand the range of potential applications of hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88004962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D‐Printed Microrobots with Integrated Structural Color for Identification and Tracking","authors":"Cara A. Koepele, M. Guix, Chenghao Bi, G. Adam, D. Cappelleri","doi":"10.1002/aisy.201900147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aisy.201900147","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of two‐photon polymerization (TPP) in the microrobotics community has permitted the fabrication of complex 3D structures at the microscale, creating novel platforms with potential biomedical applications for minimizing procedure invasiveness and diagnosis accuracy. Although advanced functionalities for manipulation and drug delivery tasks have been explored, one remaining challenge is achieving improved visualization, identification, and accurate closed‐loop control of microscale robots. To enable this, distinguishable identifying and trackable features must be included on the microrobot. Toward this end, the construction of micro‐ and nanoscale patterns using TPP is demonstrated for the first time on microrobot surfaces with the intent of mimicking color‐expressing nanostructures present on beetles or butterflies. The patterns provide identification and tracking targets due to their vivid color expression under visible light. Helical and rectangular microrobots are designed with the topical patterns and further functionalized with magnetic materials to be externally actuated by magnetic fields. Vision‐based tracking of a 20 μm × 30 μm colored feature on a 100 μm‐long helical microrobot using a fixed angular position light source during microrobotic motion is shown. This versatile structural color patterning approach shows great potential for the visual differentiation of various microrobots and tracking for improved closed‐loop control.","PeriodicalId":7187,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Intelligent Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74982441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}