分子和综合生理学期刊(英文)最新文献

Cough modulation by upper airway stimuli in cat - potential clinical application? 上呼吸道刺激对猫咳嗽调节的潜在临床应用?

分子和综合生理学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-08-01 Epub Date: 2016-08-22 DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2016.63004

Poliacek Ivan, Plevkova Jana, Pitts Teresa, Kotmanova Zuzana, Jakus Jan, Simera Michal

{"title":"Cough modulation by upper airway stimuli in cat - potential clinical application?","authors":"Poliacek Ivan, Plevkova Jana, Pitts Teresa, Kotmanova Zuzana, Jakus Jan, Simera Michal","doi":"10.4236/ojmip.2016.63004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmip.2016.63004","url":null,"abstract":"The modulation of mechanically induced tracheobronchial cough was tested by applying various stimuli and the elicitation of other airway protective behaviors in pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Capsaicin and histamine were injected in the nose, and mechanical nylon fiber and/or air puff stimulation was applied to the nose and nasopharynx. Reflex responses of cough, sneeze, aspiration reflex and expiration reflex were induced mechanically. Swallow was initiated by the injection of water into oropharynx. Subthreshold mechanical stimulation of nasopharyngeal and nasal mucosa, as well as water stimulation in the oropharynx and larynx, with no motor response, had no effect on rhythmic coughing. Cough responsiveness and excitability increased with capsaicin and air puff stimuli delivered to the nose. Vice versa, the number of cough responses was reduced and cough latency increased when aspiration reflexes (>1) occurred before the cough stimulus or within inter-cough intervals (passive E2 cough phase). The occurrence of swallows increased the cough latency as well. Cough inspiratory and/or expiratory motor drive was enhanced by the occurrence of expiration reflexes, swallows, and sneezes and also by aspiration reflex within the inspiratory phase of cough and by nasal air puff stimuli. Complex central interactions, ordering and sequencing of motor acts from the airways may result in the disruption of cough rhythmic sequence but also in the enhancement of cough. Our data confirm that number of peripheral stimuli and respiratory motor responses significantly alters cough performance. We propose developing and testing stimulation paradigms that modify coughing and could be employed in correcting of inappropriate or excessive coughing.","PeriodicalId":71307,"journal":{"name":"分子和综合生理学期刊(英文)","volume":"6 3","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5606332/pdf/nihms851673.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35442265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic challenge. 吗啡对缺氧挑战的通气反应有潜在的有害影响。

分子和综合生理学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2013.34022

Walter J May, Ryan B Gruber, Joseph F Discala, Veljko Puskovic, Fraser Henderson, Lisa A Palmer, Stephen J Lewis

{"title":"Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic challenge.","authors":"Walter J May, Ryan B Gruber, Joseph F Discala, Veljko Puskovic, Fraser Henderson, Lisa A Palmer, Stephen J Lewis","doi":"10.4236/ojmip.2013.34022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmip.2013.34022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine whether morphine depresses the ventilatory responses elicited by a hypoxic challenge (10% O2, 90% N2) in conscious rats at a time when the effects of morphine on arterial blood gas (ABG) chemistry, Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient and minute ventilation (VM) had completely subsided. In vehicle-treated rats, each episode of hypoxia stimulated ventilatory function and the responses generally subsided during each normoxic period. Morphine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) induced an array of depressant effects on ABG chemistry, A-a gradient and VM (via decreases in tidal volume). Despite resolution of these morphine-induced effects, the first episode of hypoxia elicited substantially smaller increases in VM than in vehicle-treated rats, due mainly to smaller increases in frequency of breathing. The pattern of ventilatory responses during subsequent episodes of hypoxia and normoxia changed substantially in morphine-treated rats. It is evident that morphine has latent deleterious effects on ventilatory responses elicited by hypoxic challenge.","PeriodicalId":71307,"journal":{"name":"分子和综合生理学期刊(英文)","volume":"3 4","pages":"166-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103751/pdf/nihms570493.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32520878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge. 吗啡对低氧-高碳酸血症的通气反应有潜在的有害影响。

分子和综合生理学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2013-08-28 DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2013.33019

Walter J May, Fraser Henderson, Ryan B Gruber, Joseph F Discala, Alex P Young, James N Bates, Lisa A Palmer, Stephen J Lewis

{"title":"Morphine has latent deleterious effects on the ventilatory responses to a hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge.","authors":"Walter J May, Fraser Henderson, Ryan B Gruber, Joseph F Discala, Alex P Young, James N Bates, Lisa A Palmer, Stephen J Lewis","doi":"10.4236/ojmip.2013.33019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmip.2013.33019","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the concept that morphine has latent deleterious actions on the ventilatory control systems that respond to a hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge. In this study, we examined the ventilatory responses elicited by hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge in conscious rats at a time when the effects of morphine (10 mg/kg) on arterial blood-gas chemistry and minute ventilation had subsided. Morphine induced pronounced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry (e.g., an increase in pCO2, decreases in pO2 and sO2) and decreases in minute ventilation. Despite the complete resolution of the morphine-induced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry and minute ventilation and almost complete resolution of the effects on peak inspiratory flow and peak expiratory flow, subsequent exposure to hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge elicited markedly blunted increases in minute ventilation and in peak inspiratory and expiratory flows. These findings demonstrate that (1) the changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry elicited by morphine parallel changes in minute ventilation rather than PIF and PEF, and (2) morphine has latent untoward effects on the ventilatory responses to hypoxic-hypercapnic challenge. These novel findings raise the possibility that patients deemed to have recovered from the acute ventilatory depressant effects of morphine may still be susceptible to the latent effects of this opioid analgesic. The mechanisms underlying these latent effects remain to be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":71307,"journal":{"name":"分子和综合生理学期刊(英文)","volume":"3 3","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103749/pdf/nihms-570491.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32520877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Low-dose morphine elicits ventilatory excitant and depressant responses in conscious rats: Role of peripheral μ-opioid receptors. 低剂量吗啡引起清醒大鼠通气兴奋和抑制反应:外周μ-阿片受体的作用。

分子和综合生理学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2013-08-01 DOI: 10.4236/ojmip.2013.33017

Fraser Henderson, Walter J May, Ryan B Gruber, Alex P Young, Lisa A Palmer, Benjamin Gaston, Stephen J Lewis

{"title":"Low-dose morphine elicits ventilatory excitant and depressant responses in conscious rats: Role of peripheral μ-opioid receptors.","authors":"Fraser Henderson, Walter J May, Ryan B Gruber, Alex P Young, Lisa A Palmer, Benjamin Gaston, Stephen J Lewis","doi":"10.4236/ojmip.2013.33017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojmip.2013.33017","url":null,"abstract":"The systemic administration of morphine affects ventilation via a mixture of central and peripheral actions. The aims of this study were to characterize the ventilatory responses elicited by a low dose of morphine in conscious rats; to determine whether tolerance develops to these responses; and to determine the potential roles of peripheral μ-opioid receptors (μ-ORs) in these responses. Ventilatory parameters were monitored via unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. Conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of vehicle or the peripherally-restricted μ-OR antagonist, naloxone methiodide (NLXmi), and then three successive injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) given 30 min apart. The first injection of morphine in vehicle-treated rats elicited an array of ventilatory excitant (i.e., increases in frequency of breathing, minute volume, respiratory drive, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, accompanied by decreases in inspiratory time and end inspiratory pause) and inhibitory (i.e., a decrease in tidal volume and an increase in expiratory time) responses. Subsequent injections of morphine elicited progressively and substantially smaller responses. The pattern of ventilatory responses elicited by the first injection of morphine was substantially affected by pretreatment with NLXmi whereas NLXmi minimally affected the development of tolerance to these responses. Low-dose morphine elicits an array of ventilatory excitant and depressant effects in conscious rats that are subject to the development of tolerance. Many of these initial actions of morphine appear to involve activation of peripheral μ-ORs whereas the development of tolerance to these responses does not.","PeriodicalId":71307,"journal":{"name":"分子和综合生理学期刊(英文)","volume":"3 3","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4041292/pdf/nihms570486.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32399524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10