Acta Botanica Gallica最新文献

{"title":"A touch of orchids from Samos (Greece)","authors":"S. Wagner, E. Dodinet, M. Selosse","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1106683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1106683","url":null,"abstract":"The International Conference about Temperate Orchids Research and Conservation (TORC’15) was held on the island of Samos, Greece, from 14 to 18 April 2015. It was organized by the Sails-For-Science Foundation (a non-profit organization based in Germany, promoting a sustainable balance between nature and society for small island communities worldwide) under a sponsorship by the Société Botanique de France and several other societies. In this issue, we publish three papers spanning from this international meeting. The plant family Orchidaceae emerged on our planet 112 million years ago branching out to over 25,000 species with compatible populations of dazzling diversity comprising almost 8% of all vascular plants, unlike any other plant family (Pridgeon et al. 2001–2014). Their resilience to extremes reaches from tropical abundance to remote places in high latitudes and from sea level to high altitudes into the upper limit of continuous vegetation, with colonization of outstanding niches such as epiphytic habitats or heterotrophic nutrition in forests (Givnish et al. 2015). Moreover, they display tight interactions, sometimes mutualistic, sometimes parasitic, with their associated pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi (Selosse 2014). Why did this angiosperm family become so dominant during the race for the tree of life? What innovative mechanisms, behaviours and physiological processes have made its conquest so successful? Although a number of intriguing phenomena of the orchid life cycle, relating to mycorrhiza, pollination, epiphytism, crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), among others, has been unveiled, vast gaps in understanding of this success story of ecology and evolution remain. (A) On the molecular level, what are the physiological modes of action of the orchid plant itself and its choices for a thriving environment in respect to the geochemical, microbiota, embryophyta, insect and herbivore cross-signalling? (B) On the ecological level, what networks of co-evolutionary processes and which implications from abiotic change alter the homeostasis of orchid populations? Land abandonment for economic reasons and global climate change are the assumed main factors for the change or even the irretrievable decline of orchid biodiversity (e.g. Robbirt et al. 2014). The greatest challenge facing anybody interested in these charismatic plants is the vanishing of valuable orchid species in human-sculpted landscapes (Swarts, and Dixon 2009). Europe has now less than 1% land remaining in intact wilderness vegetation (Gillespie 2013). In Australia alone, 25% of the global orchid biodiversity has disappeared. Valuable secondary metabolites of orchids providing original potentials as therapeutics may be lost forever. (C) Therefore, the application of orchid research for their conservation needs to become mainstream. Only concerted interdisciplinary research and the involvement of the general public, starting with the orchid enthusiasts, all united by the passio","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"251 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1106683","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and conservation of Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) and relatives in the Central Mediterranean","authors":"A. Giovino, G. Domina, G. Bazan, P. Campisi, S. Scibetta","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1089416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1089416","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) is a geophyte occurring in the Mediterranean region, from the Black Sea to part of the Atlantic coast. This plant is receiving much attention from the international scientific community due to its value as a bioindicator, the potential industrial value of its chemical compounds, and its use as a commercial ornamental plant. Plant morphometry and sequences of three plastid DNA regions (rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA) were used to assess the phenotypic and genetic variability of this taxon and its closest congeneric species (in particular Pancratium linosae, from the volcanic island of Linosa) in the Central Mediterranean (Sicily, Tunisia and surrounding islands). Pancratium maritimum and P. linosae cannot be distinguished based on morphological and genetic data and should belong to the same taxon. Our results also highlight a diversified gene pool in P. maritimum that is worth preserving. The lectotypes of the names Halmira stellaris, Pancratium angustifolium and Pancratium foetidum are here designated.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"289 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1089416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of petal topography of Lysimachia arvensis grown under natural conditions","authors":"S. Rhizopoulou, E. Spanakis, A. Argiropoulos","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1091985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1091985","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study revealed that adaxial and abaxial petal epidermises of the blue-flowered Lysimachia arvensis consist of elongated, multi-micro-papillate cells, which may aid the rapid petal expansion. The epidermal cells are covered by a wrinkled relief, which is further ornamented by submicron features that increase in size the surface area of lobes; this may be a well-adapted mechanism of the small-sized flowers of L. arvensis with the short life span. The sculpturally increased surface area of adaxial epidermal cells of petals is expected to contribute to optical and adhesive properties, and wettability of the floral tissues. The adaxial and the abaxial petal surfaces of L. arvensis possess submicron cuticular folds, smaller than the sub-wavelength visible spectrum, which reflect radiation of shorter rather than longer wavelengths, whereas intense absorption was detected in the red spectral region. Also, three-celled capitate trichomes with a pigmented spherical head, which are densely distributed at the corolla margins of L. arvensis, may be involved in adhesive, defensive and functional properties of the floral tissues.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"355 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1091985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of DNA barcoding efficiency of cpDNA barcodes in selected Philippine Leea L. (Vitaceae)","authors":"Vincent Louie D. Cabelin, P. J. Santor, G. D. Alejandro","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1092393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1092393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Leea L. includes some species that are known to have ethnomedicinal properties. They have been used as cures against common ailments such as skin infections and arthritis. To augment the morphological identification of this taxon, four candidate chloroplast DNA barcodes (matK, rbcL, trnH-psbA and trnL-F) were tested for their efficiency as single-locus barcodes for four Leea species. Genomic DNA from silica-dried leaf samples were isolated and used as template for generating DNA barcodes. Pairwise sequence divergence using the Kimura two-parameter model was used to analyse interspecific and intraspecific variations among the barcodes whereas BLAST and neighbour-joining analyses were employed to examine discrimination success. The results show that matK is the most efficient single-locus barcode for Leea by yielding the highest rate of universality as well as the best discriminatory and authentication power among the barcodes examined.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"317 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1092393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten years of citizen science data collection of wetland plants in an urban protected area","authors":"F. Buldrini, A. Simoncelli, S. Accordi, G. Pezzi, D. Dallai","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1080187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1080187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Floodplain landscape is the result of man’s presence over a long period of time. This has caused the degradation, or even loss, of several habitats, especially wetlands, which frequently preserve rare biodiversity, even though they are subjected to intense human presence. Human activities can be of value, but can also cause problems in species preservation. The protected area “Ansa e Valli del Mincio” (northern Italy) is an outstanding case study in this respect: it is located in a densely urbanized context, but has great value from a conservation standpoint. This paper presents the results of 10 years of monitoring (2003–2012) of the spatial distribution of two native species (Trapa natans and Nymphaea alba) and the invasive Nelumbo nucifera. Data collected by volunteers from the protected area were processed in GIS and analysed using a number of configurational landscape metrics. Nymphaea alba and N. nucifera became more widespread; T. natans underwent a serious decline, mostly due to the interference of N. nucifera. An oscillating trend of this species is visible until 2008, followed by substantial stability. Furthermore, the potential area of each species was calculated. On the whole, citizen science is a valuable tool to enhance biodiversity knowledge and safeguarding, especially in wetlands that are used for tourism and surrounded by residential areas. As in other contexts, the volunteer contribution was particularly helpful in data collection on a local scale, over a considerable time span.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"365 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1080187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specialization to ultramafic substrates and narrow endemism of Cyclophyllum (Rubiaceae) in New Caledonia: contribution of novel species to the understanding of these singular patterns","authors":"A. Mouly, M. Jeanson","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1062799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1062799","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New Caledonia, listed as a biodiversity hotspot, is ecologically unique because of the abundance on the main island of ultramafic soils. The Pacific genus Cyclophyllum Hook.f. (Rubiaceae) that belongs to the tribe Vanguerieae has its centre of diversity in New Caledonia, with 13 species described so far. The present taxonomic treatment describes seven species new to science: Cyclophyllum guillauminianum Baum.-Bod. ex Mouly & Jeanson, Cyclophyllum letocartiorum Mouly, Cyclophyllum macphersonii Mouly, Cyclophyllum memaoyaense Mouly, Cyclophyllum pindaiense Mouly, Cyclophyllum tieaense Mouly and Cyclophyllum tiebaghiense Mouly & Jeanson. These new species, all endemic to New Caledonia add to species already described for the genus. A determination key and few synonymies are provided here. These species present a very interesting pattern of narrow endemism probably resulting from adaptation(s) to ultramafic substrates. Indeed, 14 species out of 19 are restricted to constraining soils and 12 species are narrow endemics to diverse areas of the main island. The category of threat was evaluated for the new species and as a result several of the described species should be considered for conservation.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"12 1","pages":"173 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1062799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of Antirhea (Guettardeae, Rubiaceae) from Surigao del Norte, Philippines","authors":"Julius John D.P. Salamanes, J. G. Chavez, A. Arriola, G. Alejandro","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1062800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1062800","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Antirhea surigaoensis, a new species of Antirhea from Surigao del Norte, Philippines is described. It closely resembles Antirhea philippinensis (Benth.) Rolfe; however, it can be easily distinguished by having triangular stipules, longer petioles, stipules, peduncles, bracts, calyx tubes, corolla lobes, anther and style and densely sericeous perianth on the outside.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"153 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1062800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chorological and taxonomic notes on Aquilegia ganboldii Kamelin & Gubanov (Ranunculaceae) previously considered to be a Mongolian endemic","authors":"A. Erst, A. P. Sukhorukov, D. Shaulo, A. A. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1040998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1040998","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The distribution of the enigmatic Mongolian Aquilegia ganboldii is confirmed for Russian South Siberia, North Korea and northeast China. It seems to be closely related to Aquilegia oxysepala var. oxysepala and Aquilegia buergeriana. A diagnostic key to A. ganboldii and related taxa is provided.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"165 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1040998","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed germination and risks of using the invasive plant Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. (water hyacinth) for composting, ovine feeding and biogas production","authors":"E. Albano Pérez, T. Ruiz Téllez, Soledad Ramos Maqueda, Pedro J. Casero Linares, F. V. Vázquez Pardo, Pedro L. Rodriguez Medina, Juana Labrador Moreno, Fermín López Gallego, J. González Cortés, J. M. Sánchez Guzmán","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1056227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1056227","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub.) is an invasive aquatic weed that has one of the highest growth indices of vascular plants, producing large amounts of biomass. Its use for composting, livestock feed and biogas production has been proposed as a management strategy for its control. The work presented here is an assessment of the potential spread of water hyacinth due to the release of seeds from the by-products of some of these manufacturing processes. We tested experimentally if the seeds were destroyed or did not lose germinability when they had passed through the gut of sheep, remained in compost piles or been used in biogas bioreactors. We made optical and electronic microscopic observations, and calculated retrieval and germination percentages of the seeds subjected to these treatments. After having passed through the gut of sheep, the anatomical organization of the seed was completely destroyed, only 30.50 ± 5.83% of the seeds were retrieved and the germinability was null (0 ± 0%). The biogas production and compost-treated seeds both had retrieval percentages of 100 ± 0% and germination values of 1.00 ± 0.57 and 3.50 ± 0.96% respectively, with several anatomical damages. The use for compost or biogas production as a management strategy to control this pest is not completely safe from an environmental perspective and the selected management option should focus on sheep fodder production.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"203 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1056227","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological response to human trampling and conservation status of Helianthemum caput-felis (Cistaceae) at the eastern periphery of its range","authors":"G. Fenu, D. Cogoni, Elena Sulis, G. Bacchetta","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1060898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1060898","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Border and isolated plant populations represent an interesting target for ecological and conservation issues. We analysed the ecological constraints and the conservation status of the eastern population of Helianthemum caput-felis Boiss. (Cistaceae), located in Sardinia. The distribution of H. caput-felis was verified via field surveys; ecological data, morphological and reproductive traits, were recorded in 40 permanent plots randomly established; the human trampling effects on plant density, plant size and plant performance were analysed. Plant density was higher in bedrock and lowland areas, in garrigue and maquis habitats; however, the differences among plants growing in different ecological conditions were not statistically significant; only human trampling intensity significantly affected plant density and lowest values were observed in areas with intense trampling pressure. All ecological variables analysed had a statistically significant effect on plant size and on the number of fruits per plant. In particular, larger plants were found in areas with the following ecological features: presence of structured soil, on the slopes, in the maquis habitat, and in areas with intensive human trampling. Conversely, plants displayed a higher fruits output per plant in deep and structured soil, in lowland areas, and in the garrigue and maquis habitats; the mean fruits output per plant increased as human trampling intensified. Human-induced threats are the main hazards threatening the remaining Sardinian population. In particular, the major threats are linked to tourism and other outdoor activities (i.e. human trampling), followed by the expansion of agricultural activities; all of these threats result in the disappearance of small localities and in reduced population size due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Our study indicates that H. caput-felis should be considered as Critically Endangered (CR) at the regional level. Urgent measures should be undertaken to protect the remaining H. caput-felis population in Sardinia and a possible integrated strategy for the conservation and management consists of a combination of in situ and ex situ measures. In particular, greater emphasis should be given to minimizing the negative impacts of unsustainable tourism and recreation use, in order to exclude human trampling and to facilitate the plant recruitment process and population renewal. In addition, an ex situ conservation strategy must be implemented and the seeds collected could be used for future translocations in suitable areas. Moreover, considering the threats observed, a long-term monitoring programme must be developed to reveal changes in the species conservation status.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"191 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1060898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}